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Biomedical subjects

J Cadilhac

Publications and source records attributed to J Cadilhac.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1985

[Diminished regional cerebral blood flow during the intercritical period in temporal lobe epilepsy].

Hemisphere and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) were determined during interictal periods by intravenous Xenon 133 in 43 patients considered to have "temporal" epilepsy and presenting complex partial attacks with altered consciousness and lateralized EEG anomalies predominant in the temporal region. Brain scans were normal in all cases. Three subgroups were differentiated according to EEG and polygraphic examinations during sleep; temporal epilepsy with left or right EEG anomalies, with asynchronous bilateral EEG anomalies, with alternating labile unilateral EEG anomalies. Measurements of CBF were compared with those of normal subjects (n = 13) of comparable age and with those of epileptic patients with cerebral lesions on CT scan (n = 4). In epileptics with left EEG anomalies CBF was diminished by about 25 p. 100 in the left temporal region and from 15 to 22 p. 100 in other regions of the ipsi- and contralateral hemisphere. In epileptics with right EEG anomalies CBF was diminished by 20 p. 100 in the right temporal region but not on the left. CBF in the third group was comparable to that of normal subjects. In epileptics with abnormal CT scans the reduction in CBF could be correlated with EEG and CT scan findings. Studies were also conducted to determine variations in reactivity to CO2 in the areas with reduced flow, during ictal and interictal periods. Results emphasize the value of CBF measurements for investigation of epileptic foci. The importance of areas of reduced blood flow as a parameter of severity and course is discussed, as well as their pathophysiological significance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Brain stem auditory evoked potentials in "alcoholic epilepsy"].

BAEPs were studied in a group of subjects suffering from 'alcoholic epilepsy.' Results were then compared with data from normal subjects and chronic alcoholics without epilepsy. The latency for peak V and the inter-peak latencies (I-III, III-V, I-V) were significantly longer in the 'alcoholic epilepsy' group than in the control group. This increase of neural transmission time in the brain-stem auditory pathways was less important in the 'chronic alcoholics without epilepsy' group than in the alcoholic epilepsy group.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Somesthetic evoked potentials of the spinal cord and cervico-brachial neuralgia].

Thirty patients with active cervico-brachial neuralgia were investigated by detection of the sensory action potential of the nerve, the spinal somaesthetic evoked potential and the cerebral somaesthetic evoked potential. Stimulation is applied to the affected side and symmetrically to the healthy side, at the finger and at the wrist. The digital stimulation recruits a more specific root territory (2nd finger C6-C7, 5th finger C8-T1). These results were compared to those obtained in a population of 14 controls. In cases of active cervico-brachial neuralgia, the spinal somaesthetic evoked potential from digital stimulation (N16) was always abolished in the painful territory; it was also abolished on the pain free side in 75% of cases, while it was present in 96% of the controls. The spinal somaesthetic evoked potential from stimulation of the wrist was only abolished on the painful side in 29% of cases, but the mean amplitude of N13 was reduced. In contrast, the cerebral somaesthetic evoked potential and the sensory action potential of the nerve were only minimally altered. These changes regress after clinical cure. There is a correlation between the severity of the clinical course and the electrophysiological findings. Isolated abolition of the spinal somaesthetic evoked potential from digital stimulation is a constant feature of benign cervico-brachial neuralgia, while abolition of the spinal somaesthetic evoked potential by stimulation of the finger and of the wrist, bilaterally, corresponds to the most severe forms.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

[Auditory evoked brain stem potentials and ischemic pathology of the vertebrobasilar system].

Brain stem auditory evoked potentials in subjects with transient ischemic attacks of the vertebro-basilar system and a high "vascular index" (based on clinical and paraclinical criteria) show an abnormal elevation of the intervals I-III, III-V and I-V compared to the values obtained in normal subjects under the same conditions. In subjects with functional signs of vertebro-basilar ischemic attacks without an abnormal "vascular index", the intervals I-III and I-V are slightly raised, however the interval III-V is not significantly modified. These results stress the value of recording early auditory evoked potentials in the objective evaluation of transient ischemic attacks of the vertebro-basilar system.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Clinical trial of isaxonine in alcoholic polyneuritis (author's transl)].

Forty six confirmed cases of polyneuritis were treated in a double-blind survey for 4 to 5 months. The results were evaluated in terms of clinical examinations and electrophysiological tests. There was a clearly significant difference in favour of isaxonin. Tolerance was good, in particular insofar as the liver was concerned. The dosage of 1175 to 1500 mg/day for adults seemed adequate.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1982

[Evoked somatosensory cerebral potentials from the lower limb in newborn infants and infants].

In 26 babies, from 1 day to 3 months old, the somatosensory scalp potentials (SEPs) were evoked by electrical stimulation of the tibialis posterior nerve. No reproducible response in any location was obtained in 6 cases. In the other 20 cases, the initial wave was positive in 18 cases, with a peak latency at about 35 msec (P36) but the initial latency differed according to the location of the electrodes on the midline and to the baby. In a systematic topographical study, P36 was found to be variable in its distribution and its latency without correlation, whether with the baby's age, size, physiological state or intensity of stimulation. Our results are compared with SEPs obtained from the lower limb in adults and from the upper limb in children.

Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory↗
PubMed1980

Changes in brain catecholamine levels in human cirrhotic hepatic encephalopathy.

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is currently felt to be secondary to a disturbance in the metabolism of cerebral catecholamines with a decline in dopamine and noradrenaline and a rise in the false neurotransmitter octopamine. The aim of this study was to evaluate brain tissue levels of dopamine, noradrenaline, and octopamine in patients with cirrhosis and HE. This study includes 34 patients: 22 were cirrhotic, 12 were control subjects. Among the 22 cirrhotic patients, 19 had HE, three did not. Tissue specimens were obtained at necropsy from the locus niger, caudate nucleus, hypothalamus, thalamus and frontal cortex, and from the frontal cortex during neurosurgical procedures. Our results showed that (1) dopamine and noradrenaline levels are identical in cirrhotic patients with or without HE and in patients without liver disease (P < 0.05); (2) octopamine levels are higher in control subjects than in patients with cirrhosis and HE. In conclusion, there is no decline in dopamine and noradrenaline levels in the brain tissues of cirrhotic patients with HE, and this is in contradication with the animal findings; octopamine levels are not raised. Hepatic encephalopathy in human liver cirrhosis does not seem to be secondary to a disturbance in cerebral catecholamines.

Brain↗
PubMed1979

Effect of serotonin on cyclic AMP level in rat hypothalamus slices during development.

The effect of serotonin (5-HT) on cyclic AMP levels in rat hypothalamic slices was age-dependent. The sensitivity of the cyclic AMP system to 5 X 10(-5) M 5-HT already existed in the foetus at 21 days of pregnancy. It reached a maximum on the 7th postnatal day and then decreased with age. In adult tissue the response was still present and was antagonized by two serotonergic antagonists (methiothepin and metergoline). When compared to the progressive increase of 5-HT level in the hypothalamus the data suggest a different evolution of serotonergic innervation and of 5-HT receptors.

Aging↗
PubMed1979

[Value of preoperative investigations in the so-called "cervical myelopathy" (author's transl)].

The particular value of clinical, radiological and electromyographical features is compared in 42 patients with motor deficit related to cervicarthrosic myelopathy or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The initial onset of the disease was identical (motor deficit and long tracts pathways involvement). Three different groups were identifyed according to the evolution: -- Group I: (13 cases): true lateral amyotrophic sclerosis which were not operated on. -- Group II (10 cases): myelopathy called "cervicarthrosic" because of radiological findings which were operated on but had the same steady worsened course as a lateral amyotrophic sclerosis. -- Group III (19 cases): cervical myelopathy which had surgery. The operation brought about stabilization or fairly good recovery over the 18 months following at least. From a clinical aspect, the "Lhermitte sign" or objective sensitive deficit are strongly significant for cervical myelopathy. On the contrary, diffuse fasciculations specially in the tongue seem to be mostly found in lateral amyotrophic sclerosis, whereas they are restricted into the paralysed area in cervical myelopathy. Electromyographic examination is decisive: simple activity with high frequency motor units (increased amplitude and polyphasic waves) or "preponderant potentials" into a cranial nerve territory or three segments of the lower limbs are frequently found in lateral amyotrophic sclerosis. These electromyographic features are less significant in the upper limbs. The neuroradiological findings lonely cannot assert definitely the cervicarthrosic origin of the myelopathy but visualize the conflicting situation between the spinal cord and the cervical canal and allow to choose the surgical procedure.

Aged↗
PubMed1977

[Somatosensory evoked potentials and Hoffmann reflex in acute spinal cord lesions; physiopathological and prognostic aspects].

Twenty-four patients with recent and acute spinal cord lesions were examined. The somatosensory cerebral evoked potential (SEP) following stimulation of the peroneus communis nerve tested spinal conduction, whereas the H reflex showed spinal excitability belowe the lesion. After complete spinal cord section, the SEP was always abolished and the H reflex was absent in most cases tested in the first 24 hours. Into other patients, the recruitment curve and the recovery cycle of the H reflex displayed some abnormalities which progressively disappeared. With partial lesions, SEP could occasionally be altered. Some abnormalities of the H reflex recovery cycle, of the same type as those seen in the late stage of complete sections, were also observed. These data give nre information on the physiopathology of spinal shock; they lead to the distinction of several evolutionary stages after acute spinal lesions and also have prognostic disgnificance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

[Study of Hoffmann's reflex of the soleus muscle during spinal shock in man].

The Hoffmann's reflex of the soleus muscle, was studied in 14 patients mith complete spinal cord section and spinal shock. This H reflex was absent in most of the cases seen before the 24th hour. In others or in subjects later examined, there was some abnormalities of the recruitement and recovery curves-wich progressively disappeared. These date bring new understandings on the pathophysiology of the spinal shock wich, even in man, early corresponds to a complete depression of the alpha-motoneurone excitability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Prenatal development of monoamine neurons in the rat].

The histofluorescence method allows the study of the prenatal development of monoamines neurons in the foetal rat brain. Certain patterns of this development can be defined: the locus niger and the raphe appears fluorescent on the 14th day, the locus coeruleus on the 15th day. These systems differentiate independently in various areas of the neural axis. Their maturation are progressive: first for the DA system, then for the NA and the 5 HT systems. The mechanisms for synthesis and storage of amines precede the complete development of the effector structures.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

[Schwart-Jampel osteo-chondro-muscular dystrophy. 2 familial cases].

A complex syndrome was observed in two sisters. It associated important and dysharmonious dwarfism, craniofacial dysmorphy (blepharophimosis and microstomy), osteo-chondro dystrophy (vertebral column, pelvis, coxofemoral joints), oligophrenia and a muscular syndrome of myotonic type. The myotonic muscular syndrome is characterized by the prevalence at the face. Clinical and electric myotonia is clear. Voluntary muscular contractions induce prolonged myotonic responses. However there is no basal activity as observed in other cases. Curarization does not induce any disappearance of myotonic discharges. No specific histological change was shown: Schwartz-Jampel's muscular syndrome is not univocal; however it seems to depend on an abnormality of neuro-muscular activity, at the level of the end plate.

Adolescent↗