[Esophageal closure and the efficacy of febantel against Muellerius capillaris in goats].
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Administration, Oral↗
Biomedical subjects
J Cabaret
Publications and source records attributed to J Cabaret.
Farm history and breeding management influences on the intensity and specific diversity of nematode infection of dairy goats.
Sixteen dairy-goat farms were investigated in the centre-west of France for nematode infection. The intensity of infection was assessed by means of faecal egg counts and nematode counts at necropsy for digestive-tract nematodes and faecal larval counts for Muellerius capillaris. The specific diversity and prevalence were estimated by worm counts of 28 necropsied culled goats. The history and breeding management were recorded by means of a questionnaire. Specific diversity was estimated on two culled goats. Specific diversity and prevalence were related to the area of permanent pasture, age of farm, and to the number of goats introduced at the establishment of the farm. The most common species were Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. Teladorsagia trifurcata was absent from zero-grazing farms. Trichostrongylus vitrinus and Oesophagostomum venulosum were present in significant numbers on only one farm out of 16. The importance of Haemonchus contortus varied from farm to farm. The historical and breeding management factors that influenced the proportions of the most common species were the age of farm, size of flock, percentage of Alpine breed, duration of kidding period, age of goats and number of farms of origin. Age of farm and size of flock exerted opposing effects on the proportions of Teladorsagia circumcincta and Trichostrongylus colubriformis, respectively. The historical and breeding management factors were confounded and their respective effects on infection and the proportions of species was difficult to assess.
Animal Husbandry↗
Between goat-farm biological variability of the nematode Muellerius capillaris first-stage larvea. Influence of anthelmintic treatment.
Seven dairy-goat farms from the centerwest of france were investigated for morphology and ecology of first-stage larvae (L1) of Muellerius capillaris before and after treatment of goats with febantel, a probenzimidazole anthelmintic. The lengths, survivals at 20 and -20 degrees C, and infectivity of L1 to intermediate host Helix aspersa, were different between farms. The between farms differences in survivals were reduced after treatment of goats with febantel. The observed between farm differences in L1 did not seem to be related to farm characteristics (intensity of treatments, susceptibility to febantel, and intermediate host species).
Analysis of Variance↗
Variability in susceptibility to anthelmintics of the lungworm Muellerius capillaris first-stage larvae. Relationship to dairy-goat farms and previous exposure to febantel treatment.
Seven dairy-goat farms, located in central, western France, were studied in order to assess the variability in susceptibility of the lungworm Muellerius capillaris first-stage larvae (L1) to 3 different anthelmintics in relation to farm origin, by means of motility tests. The motility tests were performed by mixing larval suspensions with pyrantel (PYR), thiabendazole (TBZ) or ivermectin (IVE) solutions (3 concentrations x 3 incubation durations). The same anthelmintic tests were repeated 7 and 21 d after febantel (probenzimidazole) treatment of the goats. Before the treatment of goats, the average ratio (x 100) of L1 motility compared with control were very different for the 3 anthelminthics: 44, 30 and 59, respectively for TBZ, PYR and IVE. The ratios of L1 motility were the same at days 7 and 21 after the treatment of goats. The susceptibility of L1 to anthelmintics varied a great deal from 1 farm to another when goats had not been previously treated, whereas L1s from the same farms were the same after treatment of goats. The occurrence of different motilities of L1 with the anthelmintic tests from 1 farm to another should be related to the existence of different populations of M capillaris. The L1 motilities were reduced after anthelmintic treatment of goats suggesting a temporary effect on populations of M capillaris females shedding L1.
Animals↗
Worm population characteristics and pathological changes in lambs after a single or trickle infection with Teladorsagia circumcincta.
The regulation of the worm population and of its pathological effects was studied after a single or trickle infection with T. circumcincta. One hundred and twenty lambs, 60 Romanov and 60 Mérinos d'Arles, 3 months old, were distributed in four balanced groups: non-infected (G0), infected with 7000 L3 per animal once and slaughtered after 4 weeks (G14) or 8 weeks (G18), and infected 8 times and slaughtered after 8 weeks (G88). Parasitological, histological, haematological parameters and weight gains were recorded on each animal. Female and artificially nursed lambs had lower worm burdens and egg counts (epg) than males and naturally suckled lambs. No difference in parasitological parameters was seen between the two breeds, but Mérinos lambs infected once, had a higher increase in pepsinogen concentrations than Romanov lambs. In the infected animals, a significant proliferation of mast and eosinophil cells was observed in the abomasum wall. Serum pepsinogen concentrations were significantly higher 3 weeks p.i. and the weight gain was depressed during the first month p.i. The worm population was more numerous and younger in group G14 compared with G18 in which 24% of the worms had been expelled during the second month p.i. The female worms in G18 were longer and had more eggs in utero and higher egg output. After the trickle infection (G88) the take was reduced, female worms were longer with more eggs in vagina (pars ejectrix) and there was a higher variability in the number of eggs (compared with G18 data). The pepsinogen rise was smaller but no specific effect was seen on histological and haematological parameters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Animals↗
Species and morphs in the Ostertagiinae: an allozyme study of seven species.
Five enzymes, malate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, mannose-phosphate isomerase, glucose-phosphate isomerase and phosphoglucomutase from seven putative species of Ostertagiinae were compared using starch-gel electrophoresis. The Nei distances were not much affected by origin of specimens or host species. Six of the putative species could form polymorphic pairs: Ostertagia ostertagi and Ostertagia lyrata, Ostertagia leptospicularis and Ostertagia kolchida, Teladorsagia circumcincta and Teladorsagia trifurcata. The Nei distance was of the same magnitude (> 0.6) between species pairs, O. ostertagi, O. leptospicularis, T. circumcincta and Spiculopteragia spp.
Animals↗
Allozyme variations between sheep or rabbit laboratory reared and goat wild populations of Trichostrongylus colubriformis.
Allozyme variation at 3 polymorphic enzyme loci (GPI, PGM, MDH) was studied in Trichostrongylus colubriformis. By means of a multivariate analysis it was shown that populations of worms harboured by naturally infected goats were genetically different from populations laboratory reared in lambs or rabbits. A deficiency of heterozygotes was recorded in each population studied.
Alleles↗
The development of Fasciola hepatica parthenitae in Lymnaea truncatula by modification of Muellerius capillaris infection.
Adult and juvenile Lymnaea truncatula (height 4 and 1 mm, respectively) were subjected to a dual infection with either Fasciola hepatica and Muellerius capillaris, or with M. capillaris and F. hepatica at 4-h, 7-, 14- and 30-day intervals between the two exposures. The results were compared with those of snails which had been infected with a single parasite species. In dually infected snails, there was a high mortality at the second exposure to both parasite species, and it was strongly increased by each reinfection. The interexposure time had a significant influence on these mortality rates. Histological examination demonstrated a decreased number of rediae (50% or greater) in dually infected snails beginning with the 4-h interval in adults and the 7-day interval in juveniles. The exposure order and the time interval between exposures had a significant influence on the number of rediae: the number of parasites per snail decreased as the time interval lengthened. Delayed maturity occurred in live free rediae in snails infected by F. hepatica and M. capillaris at the 14- and 30-day intervals. In those infected by M. capillaris and F. hepatica, time to reach maturity was not modified compared to that in snails infected with a single species. Prostronglylid larvae were clearly less numerous in dually infected adult snails than in corresponding mono-infected snails. Third-stage larvae were found in the 14- and 30-day groups, regardless of exposure order and were absent in mono-infected snails.
Animals↗
Primary infection of kids with Teladorsagia circumcincta: susceptibility and blood constituents.
Fourteen male cross-bred Alpine x Saanen kids were infected with Teladorsagia circumcincta and four were used as controls. Three different levels of susceptibility to infection were apparent: resistant to infection and resilient to its adverse effects; intermediate (poorly resistant and poorly resilient); susceptible and relatively resilient. In the susceptible kids the establishment rate of infective larvae was twice as large and the nematode egg output five times greater during Weeks 4-8 after infection than in resistant kids. Susceptible kids harboured larger females with higher numbers of eggs in utero; the proportion of Teladorsagia trifurcata was higher in susceptible than in resistant kids. The blood constituents were significantly modified in infected compared with control animals: a lower number of leucocytes (particularly lymphocytes and basophils) and a higher complement activity were recorded in the latter. Compared with resistant kids, susceptible kids had higher counts of leucocytes, basophils and lower lymphocyte levels, less depleted complement pathway activity, higher pepsinogen values and lower levels of albumin and glucose.
Analysis of Variance↗
Stomach parasites of donkeys in Morocco: habitat and interspecific interactions.
One hundred and four donkeys originating from several regions of Morocco were necropsied during 1 year. The parasites in their stomachs were counted and locations determined in the cardiac, fundic and pyloric portions. Synergistic or antagonistic interactions between parasites were assessed by a principal component analysis. Gasterophilus intestinalis was only found in the cardiac portion and G. nasalis was mostly found in the pyloric portion. Habronema were principally encountered in the pyloric portion, whereas Trichostrongylus axei was found in the fundic portion. The parasites were synergistically associated in their habitat interaction, except for T. axei on the fundic portion which was antagonistic to other parasites.
Animals↗
Description of Ostertagia ostertagi and Ostertagia leptospicularis hybrids in experimentally infected sheep.
Hybrids of Ostertagia ostertagi and Ostertagia leptospicularis, derived from experimental infections in sheep, are described. Morphometrics of the hybrids were intermediate between those of parental lines for a large range of parameters (distance from apex to cervical papillae and length of esophagus for males and females, length of spicules for males, and length of vestibule, distance from vulva to the end of tail, width of tail at anus). The morphological relationship between hybrids and their parent species was assessed by discriminant analysis based on the relative values of these parameters (actual value/length of the worm). Each parental line, either bred in sheep or in the natural host, was morphologically similar and differed from hybrids.
Animals↗
Comparative survival of first-stage larvae of small lungworms Muellerius capillaris and Neostrongylus linearis of goats in alfalfa and ryegrass plots.
Faeces from a goat infected with M capillaris and from another infected with N linearis were used to assess survival of first-stage larvae under natural conditions in northwest France in mid-autumn, at the high-risk period. The faeces were deposited on 3 plots covered respectively with ryegrass, short cut alfalfa and high alfalfa. The desiccation of faeces and survival of larvae were tested at 1, 7, 14 and 21-d intervals. Survival of M capillaris was much higher than that of N linearis in all plots. The lower desiccations were observed in the high alfalfa plot whereas the best survivals were found in the 2 other plots. Vegetation where faeces are deposited may thus play a part in the accumulation of parasitic risk on a pasture.
Analysis of Variance↗
Long-term conservation of Muellerius capillaris (Nematoda, Protostrongylidae) first-stage larvae: cryopreservation versus storage at -20 degrees C.
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Animals↗
Helminths of sheep and goats in desert areas of south-west Mauritania (Trarza).
Faecal samples were obtained from sheep and goats before, during and after the rainy season at three locations in south-west Mauritania. Several animals were also necropsied at the same time. Haemonchus contortus was the most prevalent worm. Infection by digestive-tract strongyles and Strongyloides papillosus was always very light (prevalence less than 20%). Sheep were more heavily infected than goats but animals under 1 year of age were not infected by digestive-tract strongyles. It is likely that young small ruminants became infected during the rainy season and that the parasites so acquired are inhibited in their development and/or survive nearly one year as adults.
Animals↗
Allozyme variation between laboratory reared and wild populations of Teladorsagia circumcincta.
The technique of allozyme electrophoresis was applied to two laboratory strains (isolated from the center or south-east of France) and wild populations of Teladorsagia circumcincta from the center of France. Five systems out of 13 (GPI, MPI, MDH, LDH, PGM) could be interpreted. By means of a multivariate analysis, it was shown that the laboratory strains were very similar with each other and genetically different from the wild populations. A deficiency of heterozygotes was recorded for each enzyme locus (except for MDH) in all populations studied.
Alleles↗
Effect of genetic type, lactation and management on helminth infection of ewes in an intensive grazing system on irrigated pasture.
A survey of helminth infection was conducted in a flock of 290 ewes distributed into Romanov (R), Merinos d'Arles (M) and Romanov x Merinos (R x M) genetic types, grazing irrigated pasture in the south of France. Faecal egg and larval counts were done seven times per year from 1981 to 1984 on homogeneous groups of ewes and then individually once to four times every autumn from 1985 to 1988. Helminth fauna was diverse and more abundant during autumn. High levels of strongyle infection occurred in the ewes that remained on the same irrigated pastures during summer. Moving to Alpian pastures during the summer lowered autumnal infection. Significant differences between genotypes in intensity of infection were observed in the order R > R x M > M for strongyles (Teladorsagia circumcincta and/or Trichostrongylus vitrinus, Chabertia ovina and/or Oesophagostomum venulosum, Nematodirus spp.), Moniezia spp. and Dictyocaulus filaria. The hierarchy was reversed for Fasciola hepatica infection and not consistent from one year to another for protostrongylid infections. The effect of lactation intensity on the postparturient rise was studied by equilibrating number of ewes according to reproductive status (zero, one or two lambs in lactation). Merino ewes with two lambs in lactation, as well as primiparous Romanov ewes, had significantly higher strongyle infections than the others. The repeatabilities of the larval and egg counts between the four trial years were 0.24, 0.23 and 0.16, respectively, for protostrongyles, Nematodirus and strongyles, with higher intra-annual values for protostrongyles and inconsistently significant results for strongyles due to the presence of several species.
Animals↗
Intergeneric relations between nematodes of the digestive tract in lambs: a multivariate approach.
The interactions between nematode genera of the ovine digestive tract have been examined through a multivariate analysis performed on data previously obtained in epidemiological surveys conducted in France and Morocco. Data referring both to the frequency of genera per sheep (analysis at the individual level) and to the number of worms per genus and per animal (analysis at the host population level) were examined. The results suggest that a highly stable equilibrium between genera occurred in individual hosts possibly regulated by the host response and the interactions between the worm populations. The regulative factors which act at the host population level tend to increase the stability of the system, to promote the expression of positive interactions between the genera and also to modulate the arrangement of intergeneric relations. The multivariate analysis thus provides a means for global analysis of the relations between nematode populations with potential applications to assess the efficacy of some control measures on the whole nematode community in the digestive tract.
Animals↗
Repeatability of ovine faecal oocyst counts in natural infections with Eimeria spp.
The repeatability of ovine faecal oocyst counts was studied in Merino of Arles and Romanov sheep over short (4 days) or longer periods (1 month). The repeatabilities over short periods ranged from 0.27 to 0.67 for total oocyst output, from 0.06 to 0.54 for Eimeria ovinoidalis and from 0.29 to 0.52 for E. parva counts. E. ovinoidalis had lower and more irregular repeatabilities than E. parva. Their repeatabilities ranged, respectively from 0.18 (E. ovinoidalis) to 0.22 (E. parva) for longer periods. The genetic share in the determination of magnitude of oocyst counts seems similar to that recorded for trichostrongylid egg counts.
Animals↗