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Biomedical subjects

J C Waterlow

Publications and source records attributed to J C Waterlow.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Exclusive breast feeding versus supplementation: a prospective study in a rural south Indian community.

In a non-interventional, prospective study in three south Indian villages, exclusively breast-fed infants were compared with those given supplements in addition to breast milk. The supplements provided less than 30% of caloric requirement in most cases. Both groups grew similarly and the growth curves showed a sharp fall after the third month. Whether this fall is physiological, or a result of poor socio-economic conditions is not clear.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1983

Adaptation.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed1981

The excretion of isotope in urea and ammonia for estimating protein turnover in man with [15N]glycine.

1. Four normal adults were given [15N]glycine in a single dose either orally or intravenously. Rates of whole-body protein turnover were estimated from the excretion of 15N in ammonia and in urea during the following 9 h. The rate derived from urea took account of the [15N]urea retained in body water. 2. In postabsorptive subjects the rates of protein synthesis given by ammonia were equal to those from urea, when the isotope was given orally, but lower when an intravenous dose was given. 3. In subjects receiving equal portions of food every 2 h rates of synthesis calculated from ammonia were much lower than those from urea whether an oral or intravenous isotope was given. Comparison of rates obtained during the post-absorptive and absorptive periods indicated regulation by food intake primarily of synthesis when measurements were made on urea, but regulation primarily of breakdown when measurements were made on ammonia. 4. These inconsistencies suggest that changes in protein metabolism might be assessed better by correlating results given by different end-products, and it is suggested that the mean value given by urea and ammonia will be useful for this purpose.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Effect of exercise on protein turnover in man.

1. We have investigated the effects of moderate long-term exercise on protein turnover in fed man by measuring the extent of whole-body nitrogen production, the labelling of urinary ammonia from ingested [15N]glycine and plasma, muscle and urine free amino acid concentrations. 2. Judged both from nitrogen production, and from the extent of 13CO2 production from ingested L-[1-13C]leucine, exercise causes a substantial rise in amino acid catabolism. 3. Amino acids catabolized during exercise appear to become available through a fall in whole-body protein synthesis and a rise in whole-body protein breakdown. After exercise, protein balance becomes positive through a rise in the rate of whole-body synthesis in excess of breakdown. 4. Studies of free 3-methylhistidine in muscle, plasma and urine samples suggest that exercise decreases the fractional rate of myofibrillar protein breakdown, in contrast with the apparent rise in whole-body breakdown.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Dried skimmed milk, breast-feeding and illness episodes--a controlled trial in young children in Khartoum Province, Sudan.

In a controlled trial mothers and children attending urban maternal and child health (MCH) clinics in Khartoum Province were given a fortnightly take home food supplement of 1 Kilogram of dried skimmed milk (DSM) or an equivalent amount of local beans. There were approximately 300 children aged 6-26 months in each group and each child was followed for 3 to 6 months. A comparison of the two groups showed: a) that the DSM group mothers were more likely to continue breastfeeding; b) there was no evidence to associate DSM with an increased incidence of episodes of diarrhoea, fever or vomiting; c) the utilisation of health institutions was very similar in the two groups; and d) there was no significant difference in the mothers' assessment of the proportion of children with a "poor' appetite in either group. This trial met with considerable methodological problems and the results should therefore be interpreted cautiously. There is a great need for more and better designed trials to assess the possible adverse effects of DSM.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Stimulation of protein synthesis and breakdown by vaccination.

Six normal volunteers were vaccinated against typhoid-cholera. 15N-Glycine was injected the morning after vaccination. The injection was repeated three to six days and 10 days later. All subjects ate the same diet on each occasion. Excretion of 15N in urinary ammonia and total urinary excretion of nitrogen, ammonia, and creatinine were determined after each injection of isotope. Urinary excretion of 15N was used to calculate rates of whole-body protein turnover. Total urinary nitrogen and ammonia excretions showed no appreciable change on all three days. Creatinine excretion was significantly higher the day after vaccination than on the other two days (p < 0.05). Rates of protein turnover were also significantly higher on this day: a 37% increase in synthesis and 55% increase in degradation were noted. These results show that during the reaction to vaccination there was a stimulation of whole-body protein metabolism that is similar to that produced by sepsis.

Adult↗