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Biomedical subjects

J C Vuille

Publications and source records attributed to J C Vuille.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Growing up in Uppsala. The role of public services in identification and treatment of health and adjustment problems. Part I. Definition and classification of dependent variables.

A comprehensive prospective longitudinal study of health, development and social adjustment from the age of four to 18 years has been carried out in Uppsala, Sweden. This report presents the accumulated psychosocial burden up to 18 years of age for all 1715 children born in 1965 and resident in Uppsala from age 10 to 18 years. The psychosocial burden up to 18 years of age was assessed through analysis of records and register information from school health services, authorities for care of the handicapped, the Department of Child Psychiatry, social agencies and legal authorities. The analysis showed that 11.8% of the adolescents had a severe psychosocial burden up to the age of 18 years which could hamper their future life as adults. It was possible to categorize the whole birth cohort into one subgroup without manifest psychosocial problems and five different subgroups with serious problems: the six groups (severe mental or physical handicap, antisocial behaviour, psychiatric problems, social support, multiple problems, "normal") had specific profiles concerning sex distribution, symptoms, social background, utilization of care services and delinquency.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Growing up in Uppsala. Part II. Could adolescents with severe psychosocial problems have been identified by symptoms observed in school at age 10 years?

The study comprised all 1715 children born in 1965 and resident in Uppsala at age 10 and 18 years. Data were collected through teacher interviews and analysis of school health records in grade 3 at the age of 10 years. The psychosocial burden up to the age of 18 years was assessed on the basis of all registered contacts with official institutions outside school (authorities for care of the handicapped, Department of Child Psychiatry, social agencies, legal authorities). Approximately 12% of the adolescents were clearly in a situation of manifest psychosocial risk on the threshold of adult life. These adolescents were assigned to five mutually exclusive problem groups comprising different sex distribution, symptoms and utilization of institutional care. The analysis of the relationship between data from grade 3 and the psychosocial burden up to 18 years of age showed that the information available to the school did not permit reasonably secure predictions of the child's psychosocial situation at the end of adolescence. Observations in school of pre-adolescent children cannot be used as a basis for risk-group strategies aiming at concentrating early treatment measures and resources to a restricted number of children at risk. However, the prognosis is apparently serious for a limited number of 10-year-olds with serious problems in school.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

Steroids and tissue-specific modulation of galanin gene expression in the male rat reproductive system.

Galanin is a neuropeptide widely distributed throughout the vertebrate neural and endocrine system. Galanin can influence pituitary hormone secretion, intestinal motility, and other biological activities. The precise physiological role of galanin is unknown. We studied the control of galanin gene expression in peripheral organs in the male rat using Northern blot and in situ hybridization techniques. In the adrenals and prostate, galanin mRNA was undetectable in the controls and did not change after the administration of dexamethasone (0.0001-10.0 mg/kg, ip) and diethylstilbestrol (0.1 mg/kg, ip). In the testis, thymus, seminal vesicles, medial basal hypothalamus, and colon, galanin message was detectable, but was not influenced by steroids. On the other hand, dexamethasone (0.5-10.0 mg/kg) was very effective in enhancing galanin expression in the vas deferens and epididymis (4- to 7-fold in the vas deferens), with a peak 6-9 h after the treatment. Diethylstilbestrol (0.1 mg/kg) stimulated galanin mRNA transcription only in the vas deferens (2- to 3-fold), with a peak 1-3 h after the treatment. Dihydrotestosterone treatment (0.2-0.4 mg/kg) was ineffective in all tissues examined. In the vas deferens and seminal vesicles, galanin mRNA has been localized at a cellular level by in situ hybridization. In these tissues only fibroblast-like cells contained the message. These data demonstrate that galanin is expressed in the male rat reproductive system and that steroid hormones participate in the control of galanin gene expression in a tissue- and hormone-specific fashion.

Adrenal Glands↗
PubMed1989

Rapidly developing overweight in school children as an indicator of psychosocial stress.

From a cohort of 971 Swedish children followed up from birth through 15 years of age, all the children who had shown an increment in relative weight of more than 15% (measured weight in % of standard weight for height) between the ages of 7 and 10 years (group A, n = 25), 10 and 13 years (group B, n = 23), and 7 and 13 years (group C, n = 22) were selected for the present study. For each case a control matched for sex and relative weight at 7 (groups A and C) or 10 years (group B) was selected. The degree of psychosocial stress was estimated by two raters on the basis of all the accumulated data in the school health records and of the personal knowledge of the school nurses. There was good agreement between the raters. A significant difference in the degree of psychosocial stress was found between cases and controls. An analysis of specific items revealed differences with respect not only to soft data, but also to objective facts (continuation of school after completion of the nine years of compulsory school). It is concluded that a rapid weight gain during school years may be an indicator of psychosocial problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Further evidence of an association between psychosocial problems and increase in relative weight between 7 and 10 years of age.

A sample of 5,399 Swedish schoolchildren was subdivided into five groups according to the change in relative weight between the ages of 7 and 10 years and the relative weight attained at 10 years. Information on indicators of psychosocial problems was obtained by teacher interviews. There was a significant variation between groups with regard to the prevalence of behavioral and learning problems, and in girls also concerning social problems. The highest prevalence of problems was consistently found in the group with a rapid gain in relative weight. The association was stronger for serious than for mild problems. A causal mechanism is assumed to be the most probable explanation. The implications with respect to research and clinical practice are discussed.

Body Weight↗
PubMed1987

[Preventive examinations in infants and small children. A longitudinal study of practicing pediatricians].

A prospective study to evaluate well-child examinations was based on a sample of 750 children drawn at random from the patients of 15 practising paediatricians who participated in the study. These children were followed from the age of 3 months, when each who was vaccinated also received a specified examination, until the age of 5 years. Participation in the program of examinations was still 86% at the age of 18 months. By the age of 4 1/2, the participation rate had dropped to 40%. Between the ages of 3 months and 18 months, 11.2% of the sample had been diagnosed as having a pathological disorder. Of the 97 diagnoses, 35 were detected during the newborn period; 25 were detected by means other than the well-child examinations; and 37 were directly attributable to the examinations. 28 of the 97 diagnoses were still valid at the age of 5 years, and 5 of those children had a serious handicap. In an additional 59 suspected diagnoses (7.8%) only 6 could later be confirmed as a pathological condition. Of the 300 children who attended the last well-child examination at age 4 1/2, 45 (15%) had one or more pathological findings. Seventeen of the 45 diagnoses were detected between the 18-month exam and the 4 1/2-year exam, and 30 were detected at the time of the last examination. The number of diagnoses per physician varied. From each sample of 50 children per doctor, 1 to 20 children would have a disorder. Twelve of the 15 paediatricians were appreciative of the structured exam schedule, and most intended to continue with some parts of the program after the study's termination.

Child Development↗
PubMed1987

[Experiences and attitudes of parents to ambulatory preventive and curative medical care in infancy and early childhood].

376 families having a two-year-old child were asked about their experience and opinion concerning their child's outpatient preventive and curative medical care. Half the sample resides in two urban areas ("the city") and half the sample resides in three non-urban ("the country") locations with no practising paediatrician at the time of the interview. In the city, all but 4.6% of the parents took their children to a paediatrician for the first vaccinations at three months. Nearly all the paediatricians used this opportunity to fully examine the child. In the country areas, 59% of the families had their children vaccinated by the family doctor, 38% of whom used the occasion to fully examine the child. The other 41% brought the child to the nearest city in order to visit a paediatrician. A majority of parents (80%) in all sampled areas expressed a desire for regular well-baby examinations by a physician. The well-baby clinics staffed by nurses are used significantly more frequently by country parents than by city parents. In the country, there is no difference between those families using a paediatrician and those using a family doctor. The data suggest that the clinics are a supplement, and not a replacement, for the preventive care given by a physician.

Child Development↗
PubMed1985

[Induction of a regimen with a liquid-formula diet does not improve subsequent weight loss].

The liquid-formula diets (LFD) have very restrictive regimens which lead to rapid weight loss. Their use for the induction of weight-reducing therapy is not well known. 20 obese ambulatory patients followed LFD for 2 weeks, followed by 4 weeks of protein-sparing modified fast (PSMF) with natural foods (group A), and 21 subjects followed PSMF for 6 weeks (group B). The LFD supplies 600-650 kcal, 50 g proteins, 100 g carbohydrates and less than 3 g lipids/day. The PSMF delivers 600-1200 kcal, 1.2-1.4 g proteins/kg of standard weight, less than 40 g carbohydrates, and 20 g lipids/day. Patients are checked after 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks and are asked about their tolerance and cravings by computerized questionnaire. After 4 and 6 weeks, the drop-out rate was significantly higher in group A (30% and 50%) than in group B (0 and 14%) (p less than 0.05). Tolerance is identical in the two groups except for a significant salt craving in the A-patients after 1 and 2 weeks (p less than 0.001). Two subgroups of 8 subjects, comparable in age, weight and percent of standard weight, were individualized in each of groups A and B. As expected, the weight loss was significantly greater in group A after 2 weeks (4.9 +/- 0.5 kg vs 2.8 +/- 0.3 kg, mean +/- SEM) (p less than 0.04), but there was no significant difference after 4 and 6 weeks (total loss 5.7 +/- 1.2 kg vs 5.6 +/- 0.7 kg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Socio-economic status of the family and health problems in the preschool child. Lack of correlation in a Swedish sample.

Recent reports from countries with a highly developed economic status point out the association of well-being of children with socio-economic factors. The aim of the present investigation was to examine the extent to which health problems, i.e. functional impairments, diseases and handicaps, in 4-year-old children are related to socio-economic factors. The analysis was based on data from 7 173 children who had undergone the routine general health screening of 4-year-olds in the county of Uppsala. In the statistical analysis the main emphasis was laid on an explanation of the variance on the individual plane. The results showed that the correlations between health problems and socio-economic factors in general were weak or non-existent. An explanation of the lack of correlation in our sample might be that Sweden had succeeded in largely eliminating the health problems associated with external living conditions of the family. If differences between population groups do exist--and in the light of findings from other investigations it seems highly probable that they do--then these differences are probably to be sought in families' way of functioning, in the internal and external pattern of communication, in the general emotional climate and in the degree of social integration in the society.

Child Development↗
PubMed1979

Obesity in 10-year-olds: an epidemiologic study.

With a multifactorial pathogenetic model (heredity versus environment, central nervous control, energy balance, morphology of the fat tissue), an attempt was made by this study to assess the relative importance of the various factors to the origin of overweight and obesity in school children. From an original sample of 972 children followed longitudinally from the ages of 7 to 16 years, and with retrospective weight data from the first year of life, 550 were selected for this study at age 10. Information concerning the children's habits (physical activity and appetite), social conditions, and parental heights and weights were obtained from the parents by questionnaire (response rate 94%). The major results of a multiple regression analysis were: (1) clear-cut sex differences; heredity and physical inactivity having the greatest explanatory power for both overweight and obesity at 10 years in girls, whereas appetite and environmental conditions were more prominent predictors in boys; (2) an analysis of the main predictors of the variable "change in relative weight between 7 and 10 years"--a variable with possible implications for preventive school programs--indicated that markedly inactive only children from lower class families are particularly at risk of developing obesity during the first years at school; and (3) in the absence of all the risk factors considered in this study, obesity does not occur; at the other extreme, even a high risk score still implies a 50% chance of escaping the fate of obesity.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1978

[Registration and care for multi-handicapped children in the canton of Bern].

In spite of their greatly increased needs, multi-handicapped children as a group are not assessed earlier nor are they at a disadvantage in terms of quality of care if compared with other categories of handicapped. The group is not homogenous, however. Every subgroup has to be studied separately in planning strengthened services.

Adolescent↗