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Biomedical subjects

J C Sournia

Publications and source records attributed to J C Sournia.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1998

[The doctor in the city].

In his own town, the physician plays an important part in the public organizations of public health, in the commissions that grant permits and pensions, in the private charity societies, for the collection of epidemiological informations, etc. Unfortunately his place is small in the hospitals management, and he is not a member of the board for health insurance councils. In the State, he has to be a member of the consultative commissions for developing a health policy, and a public health system cannot work without his complete support. For the justice, the physician is often a necessary cooperator for a good use of the law in many cases. Forensic medicine is sometimes forgotten and badly taught. Justice and society have many requirements which endanger the medical secrecy.

France↗
PubMed1997

[The French Revolution and mental troubles 1789-1799].

Are wars and political strife factors in the cause of mental diseases? For instance what do we know about the French Revolution? Contemporary writers of memoirs are untrustworthy, whether opponents or supporters. We have neither morbiditiy nor mortality statistics nor accurate diagnostics, for the patients in public hospitals or private mental homes. A few cases are described for some mystical or political lunatic women, and some Jacobin leaders. The "psychiatrists" of that time have not noticed any increasing of insanity: a revolution is not enough to provoke mental disease, but it may reveal it.

Civil Disorders↗
PubMed1997

[Examples of foreign countries].

In France we are not well aware of the health of people in situation of poverty: they have not resources enough to care of oneself, not knowing the services of social welfare, and not identified by these services. 1) Some studies in Great Britain and in U.S. have followed up some deprived groups with health index on a long duration: life expectancy at birth, number of stillbirths in the group, low birth weight, casualty during childhood, violent deaths among teen agers and young men. Disparities between rich and poor are dramatic, unskilled men have a mortality three times that of professional men; advantage is given to people who had had some education and a steady family home during childhood, compared with those who have not. 2) In France investigations have been more accurate on the health of deprived individuals: where are they taken care of, who cures them for which diseases? According to the results, they are not abandoned. Places for reception and care are many, the public institutions welcome them even without social security guarantee, almost a hundred non profit associations may help them: these discreet institutions are poorly known even by the public administration.

Humans↗
PubMed1994

[Léopold Ollier (1830-1900)].

Born in a small village of Ardèche, Ollier became, still in his youth, chief surgeon at the Hôtel Dieu of Lyons and later professor of surgical clinic at the Faculty. His experimental works carried on during his lifetime showed the role played by the periosteum in bone regeneration and established the rules of the success or failure of homo and heterografts. Utilizing clinically the periosteum capacities, he codified the osteo-articular resections in many traumatic and inflammatory diseases of the members, ensuring the superiority of the resections on the amputations and desarticulations. Taking profit of the innovations of his time: anaesthesia, antisepsis and radiography, he must be considered as one of the founders of French orthopedics.

France↗
PubMed1994

[Population inside hospitals: its evolution from old Maristans to modern hospitals].

Islamic foundations in the near and middle east in the VIIth to XIIIth centuries had two missions: the accommodation and the cure to sick people, and the training for future doctors. At the same time in the Christian world, hospitals were only pious inns. They became cure institutions for the poor in the XVIIth century, and devoted to teaching in the XIXth. The meaning of the word "hospital" has changed according to countries, periods and cultures.

History, Medieval↗
PubMed1994

[Felix Vicq d'Azyr, founder of the Academy of Medicine (1748-1794)].

Vicq d'Azyr (1748-1794) was the son of a norman physician. He was graduated at the Paris university and obtained quickly a brilliant renown and career. During his whole life he continued studies on human and animal anatomy. Member of Académie des sciences and Académie française, he was the queen's physician, superintendent for epidemies, and above all general secretary of the Société royale de médecine. In that position he kept a regular correspondence with a great number of physicians and surgeons in the Kingdom. They gave the Société informations about epidemies and epizooties in relation with the climate, about economic resources of the population, the quality of food supplies, the ability of health professionals, etc. The amount of the informations so collected during sixteen years is considerable. Vicq d'Azyr also worked out a plan for setting up the medicine in the country. That plan was based on public physicians in countries, districts and departments, giving an "academic body" an account of their task. His vow was satisfied in 1820 when the Académie royale de médecine was founded.

Academies and Institutes↗
PubMed1991

[Medicine and the European community on January 1st 1993].

The European Community single act will come into effect on January 1st 1993 in the twelve countries belonging to the Community. It will have many outcomes in the health field. Some aspects concerning, in the name of the free circulation of goods and persons, are raised: certifications and training harmonization, drugs, food products, and all kinds of chemicals, regulations, standards for diagnosis and treatment equipment, blood products, methods of sampling, manufacturing and selling, etc. In the Community, priority is given to economic considerations, health problems are not much taken into account, administrative complexities will increase. So it is not sure that the Community will protect citizens' health better than the member States in their own countries.

Europe↗
PubMed1990

[Not Available].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

France↗