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Biomedical subjects

J C Soares

Publications and source records attributed to J C Soares.

69 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Anatomical study of the opossum (Didelphis albiventris) extraocular muscles.

The anatomy of the extraocular muscles was studied in 10 adult opossums (Didelphis albiventris) of both sexes. Eight extraocular muscles were identified: 4 rectus muscles, 2 oblique muscles, the levator palpebrae superioris and the retractor ocular bulbi. The rectus muscles originate very close one to another between the orbital surfaces of the presphenoid and palatine bones. These muscles diverge on the way to their insertion which occurs at about 2 mm from the limbus. The levator palpebrae superioris originates with the dorsal rectus and is positioned dorsally in relation to it. The retractor ocular bulbi forms a cone which embraces the optic nerve and is located internally in relation to the rectus muscles. The dorsal oblique originates on the presphenoid bone and after a tendinous trajectory through a trochlea on the medial wall of the orbit, inserts into the ocular bulb. The only muscle arising from the anterior orbital floor is the ventral oblique. The main nerve supply for these muscles is the oculomotor, except for the dorsal oblique which is innervated by the trochlear nerve, and the lateral rectus which is innervated by the abducens nerve. The retractor ocular bulbi receives branches from the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve and some branches from the abducens nerve.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Advances in the pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer's disease.

The authors reviewed the literature on the agents proposed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Different classes of drugs have been tested for this indication including psychostimulants, anticoagulants, vasodilators, hyperbaric oxygen, hormones, nootropics, cholinomimetics, monoaminergics and neuropeptides without conclusive evidence of being beneficial for the treatment of this condition. Among the cholinomimetics recent research data seems to indicate that they might produce modest benefits in mild-to-moderate AD patients. Recently, other drugs have also been proposed including neurotrophic factors, phosphatidylserine, angiotension [corrected] converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, acetyl-L-carnitine, xanthine derivatives, anti-inflammatory agents, aluminum chelate agents, and D-cycloserine. Of these new strategies few hold promise of more substantial benefits for AD, with the possibility of altering the course of the disease, but these drugs await confirmatory trials.

Alzheimer Disease↗
PubMed1985

Contribution to the study of connective fibers in human mitral valve.

8 hearts of male and female, white and non-white Brazilians of different ages were studied. The histological arrangement of the collagen and elastic tissue of the leaflets of the left atrioventricular valve was studied. The histological study of the leaflets under polarized light, showed that the collagen from the chordae tendineae fans out in its interior and reaches a fibrous ring from the valve. Specific staining for elastic fibers revealed that these fibers are chiefly concentrated on the free margin of the leaflets. These findings were discussed based on the physiology of the papillary muscle contraction and on the proposed mechanisms of the valve closure.

Collagen↗
PubMed1985

[Anatomical observations on the left atrioventricular valve in man].

30 hearts of male and female, white and non-white Brazilians of different ages were studied. The leaflets of the left atrioventricular valves were removed near the fibrous ring and anatomically studied under chirurgical microscope. The authors observed: the leaflets shape, the presence of comissures, the implantation manner of the chordae tendineae and your distribution on the leaflets. Especial attention was concentrated on the terminology used by different authors for the structures of the "mitral complex".

Adult↗
PubMed1984

On the microscopic anatomy of periadventitial tissue of Cisterna chyli and Ductus thoracicus of the cat (Felix domestica).

Anatomical and histological techniques were adopted to study the structure of periadventitial tissue of Cisterna chyli and Ductus thoracicus of the cat. Basically this tissue is represented by a loose connective tissue, presenting a relatively large amount of unilocular adipocytes. Inside the periadventitial tissue there is a predominantly collagenous membrane and it seems to link the cisterna chyli and the ductus thoracicus to the adventitia of the Aorta.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

About a case of absence of the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle.

An uncommon case of absence of the muscular part of the superior belly of the left omohyoid muscle was found in a cadaver of a 65 year old man. The inferior belly of the muscle in question is continuous with tendon 2.5 mm broad, which extends its self unto the upper insertion of the sternohyoid muscle, where it inserts.

Aged↗
PubMed1982

Contribution to the study of the styloid prominence in the posterior tympanic cavity.

70 human temporal bones were analyzed with the aif of an otologic microscope. The styloid prominence was found to be extremely variable in shape, location and occurrence. Depending on the degree of development, the prominence establishes important relationships with the sinus tympani, with the fossula of the cochlear fenestra, and with the suprapyramidal recess. Serial sections were used to study the relationship of the styloid process with the facial nerve inside the bony mass of the mastoid portion of the temporal bone.

Ear, Middle↗
PubMed1981

[Relations of the rectus capitis lateralis muscle with the first portion of the internal jugular vein (author's transl)].

During the dissections, the authors observed the close relation between the rectus capitis lateralis muscles and the posteromedial surface of the first portion of the internal jugular vein, as well as its attachment to the external surface of the carotid sheath. The topographic relation between this muscle and the jugular internal vein, constitutes an important protection and even a backing factor to the walls of this blood vessel. The authors also admite the possibility of this muscle interference in the caliber of the vein during the head movements.

Humans↗
PubMed1980

[Course of the external branch of the accessory nerve and its relations with the first portion of the internal jugular vein (author's transl)].

This report is based upon microdissections of 32 right and left hemi-heads. It was observed in 26 pieces of both sides that the external branch of the accessory nerve turns round the medial surface and next to posterior surface of the first portion of the internal jugular vein. In 6 pieces obtained from both sides it was observed that the nerve turns round the anterior surface and next to lateral surface of the internal jugular vein. In the superior portion of the neck, the accessory nerve is also in the interior of the carotid sheath and is involved by an subdivision of this sheath. At this level, the nerve perfurates the carotid sheath and runs down obliquely, to outside and to behind reaching the deep surface of the sternocleidomastoid and the trapezius muscles.

Accessory Nerve↗
PubMedDate not supplied

MRI study of posterior fossa structures and brain ventricles in bipolar patients.

Previous brain imaging studies have suggested anatomical abnormalities in posterior fossa structures and brain ventricles in bipolar patients. Such abnormalities could possibly be implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Twenty-two DSM-IV bipolar outpatients (mean age+/-S.D.=36+/-10 years) and 22 healthy controls (mean age+/-S.D.=38+/-10 years) underwent an 1.5T MRI (3D-gradient echo-imaging SPGR), performed in the coronal plane (TR=25 ms, TE=5 ms, slice thickness=1.5 mm). The brain structures of interest were traced blindly with a semi-automated software. No significant differences were found between bipolar patients and healthy controls for any posterior fossa measures, or for measures of third or lateral ventricles (MANOVA, age covariate, P>0.05). Age was directly correlated with 3rd ventricle volumes in bipolar patients (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.458, P=0.032), but not in healthy controls (Pearson correlation coefficient=0.313, P=0.155). There was a significant direct correlation between the number of prior illness episodes and right lateral ventricle volumes (Partial correlation coefficient=0.658, P=0.011). Familial patients had smaller left and right cerebellar hemispheres and total vermis volumes, and larger left lateral ventricle volumes compared with non-familial ones (MANOVA, age covariate, P<0.05). In this preliminary study, we were not able to replicate previous findings of abnormalities in cerebellum or brain ventricles in bipolar individuals. However, there were suggestions that abnormalities in cerebellum, vermis, and lateral ventricle sizes may be present in familial cases of the disorder, which should be further examined in future studies with larger patient samples.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The functional neuroanatomy of mood disorders.

Mood disorders may be associated with global and regional changes in cerebral blood flow and metabolism. The accumulated functional neuroimaging findings in mood disorders were reviewed in order to examine a proposed neuroanatomic model of pathophysiology. Global cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism appear normal, but may be decreased in late-life depression. Regional cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism deficits are present, and may be indicators of brain regions participating in neuroanatomic circuits involved in mood disorders. Decreased pre-frontal cortex blood flow and metabolism in depressed unipolar and bipolar patients are the most consistently replicated findings, and correlate with severity of illness. Basal ganglia abnormalities have been found in depressed unipolar and bipolar patients, involving decreased blood flow and metabolism. Temporal lobe abnormalities are present in bipolar disorder patients, and perhaps unipolar depression. There is conflicting evidence of abnormalities in other limbic regions. Cognitive impairment may correlate with decreased metabolism in frontal and cerebellar areas. The relationship between functional neuroimaging findings and clinical course, and therefore state and trait characteristics, has not been systematically investigated. Antidepressant medications, but not ECT, seem to reverse some of the identified functional brain changes in the depressed state. The structural, neurotransmitter and neuropathological correlates of these functional abnormalities are yet to be determined. Functional abnormalities in frontal, subcortical and limbic structures appear to be part of the pathophysiology of mood disorders.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

THA--historical aspects, review of pharmacological properties and therapeutic effects.

The authors reviewed historical data in the development of THA, as well as recent data on its pharmacological properties and therapeutic effects on cognitive dysfunction. A medline search was conducted to identify the trials conducted with THA in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. The findings seem to lend support to some palliative action of THA, especially at higher doses, but in these doses about 2/3 of the patients experience significant adverse reactions. The significance of these findings is discussed, with emphasis on the their relevance for the management of AD patients.

Alzheimer Disease↗