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Biomedical subjects

J C Shaw

Publications and source records attributed to J C Shaw.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Spironolactone in dermatologic therapy.

In the treatment of androgen-mediated skin disorders spironolactone provides a valuable therapeutic option. This article reviews the use of spironolactone as an antiandrogen in dermatologic therapy. The endocrinologic effects, pharmacology, dermatologic uses, and side effects are discussed, and guidelines for its use are provided.

Acne Vulgaris↗
PubMed1991

Distribution of dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase (E2) in the liver and portal lymph nodes of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis: an immunohistochemical study.

The reason for the close association between primary biliary cirrhosis and the appearance of antibodies that recognize the E2 component of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is not understood. The distribution of the three pyruvate dehydrogenase complex subunits was examined in the liver and lymph nodes of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, patients with other liver diseases and normal subjects by immunohistochemistry using affinity-purified antibodies. Intensity of staining was assessed semiquantitatively and validated by scanning laser confocal microscopy. In primary biliary cirrhosis tissue, the E2 staining pattern did not parallel the reported distribution of mitochondria. E2 staining in biliary epithelial cells was consistently stronger than in hepatocytes. In primary biliary cirrhotic liver, staining of biliary epithelium was significantly stronger than in normal or other liver disease controls; many bile ducts in primary biliary cirrhotic liver demonstrated very high intensity, diffuse distribution of stain. No differences in staining intensity were seen between perivenular hepatocytes in primary biliary cirrhotic liver and those in controls; periportal hepatocytes in primary biliary cirrhotic liver were, however, more intensely stained than perivenular cells. In primary biliary cirrhotic portal lymph nodes, a subset of macrophages showed high-intensity, diffuse distribution of stain. By contrast, staining with antibodies to E1 and E3 (other components of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) produced uniform-intensity, mitochondrial distribution both in primary biliary cirrhosis and control tissue. The increased intensity of E2 in primary biliary cirrhotic tissue could be explained in terms of abnormal metabolism of E2 by biliary epithelial cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetyltransferases↗
PubMed1991

Upper extremity contractures in a patient with eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome.

L-tryptophan is an essential amino acid taken as an over-the-counter nutritional supplement for a variety of conditions including chronic pain, insomnia, and depression. In October 1989 several patients were reported having eosinophilia-myalgia syndrome (EMS) who had taken L-tryptophan in large doses. Little is known about the long-term outcomes of EMS. A patient with EMS who developed contractures of the upper extremities because of severe myalgias is discussed. Early aggressive rehabilitative intervention may prevent contractures in patients with EMS.

Arm↗
PubMed1990

Virilisation of female preterm infants.

Two cases of hypertrophy of the clitoris in premature girls are reported; this was associated with persistently high concentrations of adrenal fetal zone androgens.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1989

Sporotrichosis in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Kaposi's sarcoma and disseminated sporotrichosis of the skin and joints developed simultaneously in a homosexual man with antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus. There was no identified source of exposure to Sporothrix organisms. Sporotrichosis may be a presenting opportunistic infection associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and tends to be disseminated at the time of diagnosis.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1989

Nonmetabolizable base balance: effect of diet composition on plasma pH.

The pH of the plasma is determined by the concentration and chemical properties of the acids and bases dissolved in it. Three classes of acids and bases can be identified: 1) carbonic acid (CA), formed by intermediary metabolism and disposed of principally by pulmonary ventilation--variation in the rate of pulmonary ventilation controls the plasma concentration of CA; 2) metabolizable acids (MA) are either absorbed from the diet or arise in the process of intermediary metabolism and are mainly disposed of by intermediary metabolism; 3) nonmetabolizable acids and bases (NB) are absorbed from the diet and are disposed of by renal mechanisms, which also control their concentration in the plasma. Growing infants and children are in positive balance for NB, and about 96% of it is laid down in the skeleton. Because of their dietary origin and disposal in the urine, it is possible to measure the balance of nonmetabolizable acids and bases using conventional metabolic balance techniques. This is particularly important for the development of diets for young infants, as their renal mechanisms for the control of the concentration of plasma nonmetabolizable acids and bases are immature and easily overcharged. The lack of published data, however, makes it impossible to recommend maximum and minimum intakes of nonmetabolizable base.

Acid-Base Equilibrium↗
PubMed1986

Treatment of multiple keratoacanthomas with oral isotretinoin.

A patient with multiple keratoacanthomas was successfully treated with oral isotretinoin. The treatment resulted in clearing of existing keratoacanthomas and prevented the development of new lesions. An induction dose of 1.5 mg/kg/day was necessary to initiate the response. This is the third report of successful treatment of multiple keratoacanthomas with isotretinoin.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

Correlation and coherence analysis of the EEG: a selective tutorial review.

The measurement of EEG-brain function relationship using measures of EEG amplitude are well known. The application of signal correlation techniques to this problem are less well understood. Selective aspects of EEG signal correlation are described with examples, and their relevance to EEG measurement is discussed.

Cerebral Cortex↗
PubMed1984

Porokeratosis plantaris palmaris et disseminata.

Porokeratosis plantaris palmaris et disseminata (PPPD) is a rare variant of porokeratosis. We report a second kinship with PPPD that typically appears first on the palms and soles and then gradually progresses to the extremities and trunk. We discuss clinical, histologic, pathogenetic, and therapeutic aspects of PPPD and review the literature concerning the histogenesis of cornoid lamella formation.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Glucagonoma syndrome: in vitro evidence that glucagon increases epidermal arachidonic acid.

A 63-year-old white woman with perioral dermatitis, a sore tongue, and an erythematous dermatosis in the inframammary and perineal regions underwent surgical removal of a pancreatic glucagonoma. The patient's plasma and pooled normal human plasma containing Sigma glucagon were fed to human keratinocyte cultures and increased arachidonic acid levels by 300% and 200%, respectively, when compared to pooled normal human plasma with no added commercial glucagon. These experiments suggest that glucagon may increase inflammatory mediators such as arachidonic acid and its metabolites in the epidermis, causing the skin lesions seen in the glucagonoma syndrome.

Adenoma, Islet Cell↗
PubMed1984

Cognitive style, cortical function, and electroconvulsive therapy.

Performance on the rod and frame test (RFT) was measured over three separate occasions in three groups of 20 depressive patients and a nonpatient control group. Depressive patients were selected into three groups according to whether they had been prescribed one of three forms of treatment: bilateral electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), nondominant unilateral ECT, or a course of antidepressant drugs. The RFT was administered on three occasions: before treatment, 1 week after completion of treatment, and at 3 months follow-up. The control group received no treatment, but were tested at comparable periods. The RFT was scored as mean absolute error and also as separate frame-dependent, rod-dependent, and constant error components. All depressive groups showed improved error measures post-treatment. The two ECT groups showed less frame dependence post-treatment than the drug group. The group receiving bilateral ECT showed a greater decrease in the mean error of performance than the unilateral group. Right-sided unilateral ECT affected frame dependence in patients who were initially frame independent, rather than in those who were initially frame dependent. The results indicated that the effect of ECT may depend on a patient's initial pretreatment cognitive style.

Antidepressive Agents↗
PubMed1984

Hyponatraemia in the first week of life in preterm infants. Part I. Arginine vasopressin secretion.

Continuous sequential urinary arginine vasopressin measurements in 14 preterm, ventilated infants suggest that both osmoreceptor and volume receptor systems are able to stimulate the prolonged secretion of arginine vasopressin from 26 weeks' gestation. The kidney is able to respond to arginine vasopressin stimulation from the first day of life and from 26 weeks' gestation. A maximum urine osmolality not exceeding 550 mOsm/kg was reached which varied with hydration of the infant. Excretion of arginine vasopressin and urine osmolality increased during deterioration of respiratory illness, mask ventilation, bilateral pneumothoraces, and severe intraventricular haemorrhage. The data show that inappropriate arginine vasopressin secretion is common during illness in the first week of life in preterm infants and that strict attention must be paid to water balance during this time.

Arginine Vasopressin↗
PubMed1984

Hyponatraemia in the first week of life in preterm infants. Part II. Sodium and water balance.

Serial measurements of plasma sodium, sodium balance, water intake, and urine volume were made for a mean period of 5.9 days in 10 preterm infants of mean gestation 30.5 weeks and mean birthweight 1506 g. In five infants weighed regularly, estimates of insensible water loss averaged 2.6 (range 1.4 to 6.2) ml/kg/hour. High insensible water losses were the cause of hypernatraemia that occurred in two of the 10 infants. Net sodium balance was negative during the study and represented contraction of the extracellular fluid volume associated with weight loss. The negative sodium balance did not seem diminished by increasing sodium intake and there was no evidence that sodium intake need exceed 3 to 4 mmol/kg/day. Hyponatraemia was not due to changes in sodium balance but to water retention associated with inappropriate increases in urinary arginine vasopressin excretion and urine osmolality in 8 of 10 infants. Frequent, accurate measurements of body weight and of plasma sodium are the two most reliable indicators of changes in water balance.

Age Factors↗