Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J C Sharp

Publications and source records attributed to J C Sharp.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Prevention of blastic crisis in Ph1-positive chronic myeloid leukemia.

Fourteen untreated patients with Ph1-positive myeloid leukaemia received combination chemotherapy consisting of blocks of doxorubicin, vincristine, cytosine arabinoside and 6-thioguanine. Significant karyotypic conversion occurred in six patients, the percentage of Ph1-positive cells in the bone marrow falling by at least 50%. Maintenance therapy comprised vincristine, busulphan, hydroxyurea, 6-mercaptopurine and dibromannitol in rotation. Reinduction therapy was administered when Ph1 positivity reverted to 100%. Karyotypic reconversion was achieved in three of four patients. After induction, chromosome analysis of the bone marrow was performed every 3-6 months to detect the appearance of aneuploid clones, the intention being to intensify therapy at that stage.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

A photometric study of the standard Philadelphia (Ph1) translocation of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).

A newly developed form of high resolution microscope photometry has been employed in a study of the relationships between the chromosomes involved in the standard Philadelphia (Ph1) translocation of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). The intention of the investigation was to provide quantitative data on the relative amount of material exchanged between the No. 9 and No. 22 chromosomes. A marked consistency in the amount of material lost from the Ph1 was observed, and the balanced nature of the standard Ph1 translocation was confirmed. The data are also in accordance with the concept of a reciprocal exchange between the No. 9 and No. 22 chromosomes.

Bone Marrow Cells↗
PubMed1982

Medical, veterinary and environmental liaison activities in Scotland.

The past decade has seen many changes in the relationships between the medical, veterinary and environmental health professions in Britain. Doctors and veterinarians had traditionally tended to remain in isolation to each other despite mutual interests, while working relationships between public health doctors and environmental health officers were disrupted following re-organization of the NHS in 1974 and of local government in 1975. The situation was, however, generally less acute in Scotland where active encouragement had been given since the early 1970s towards the creation of local liaison groups in different areas of the country, the first of which was formally established in Aberdeen in 1969. The subsequent development of other liaison groups and the role of the Communicable Diseases (Scotland) Unit in coordinating inter- and intra-professional liaison and communications throughout Scotland is described, along with examples of combined activities in surveillance, investigation and control measures.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Human and animal salmonellosis in Scotland associated with environmental contamination, 1973-79.

Twenty-six incidents of salmonellosis occurring in Scotland between 1973 and 1979 and attributed to environmental pollution are reviewed. The apparent sources of pollution were sewage effluent (10 incidents), septic tank effluent (eight), sewage sludge (three), seagulls (three) and abattoir effluents (two). Cattle were the species predominantly affected. Human infection was primary in three incidents and was secondary to bovine infection in another four. Thirteen salmonella serotypes were recovered from infected humans or animals and 17 during related environmental investigations. The factors causing pollutions and possible control measures are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

An unusual sequel to imported Salmonella zanzibar.

In August, 1980 a rare serotype S. zanzibar was isolated in the North of Scotland from a man home on leave from Malaysia, whence he returned in November having been bacteriologically negative 2 months previously. In December however, S. zanzibar was isolated from a bulk milk sample taken at a nearby dairy farm. No illness occurred among milking cows which had been brought inside from pasture in mid-October. Since 1972 a variety of different salmonella serotypes had been identified in cattle, milk and other samples at this farm, with seagulls being implicated as the vector transmitting infection from the sewage of a local town on to farmland and an adjacent loch. Although water from this source has not been used in recent years for drinking by cattle, it is utilized for washing floors within the dairy premises. Since 1979, following an outbreak affecting consumers, all milk produced at the farm has been pasteurized.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

The use of high resolution microscope photometry in the discrimination of chromosome bands.

High resolution microscope photometry was used to discriminate between regions of differing density along the length of a banded metaphase chromosome. It has been demonstrated that photometry can be performed on such material to give a higher level of effective resolution than has hitherto been obtained. Using conventional visible light microscope photometry it is possible to obtain useful comparative densitometric information from measurements performed at a point separation equivalent to 0.05 micrometer in the object plane. The practical details of the equipment employed and the theoretical basis of the study are discussed.

Chromosome Banding↗
PubMed1980

Phage type/biotype groups of Salmonella typhimurium in Scotland 1974-6: variation during spread of epidemic clones.

Biotyping by the scheme of Duguid et al. (1975) of 2010 cultures of Salmonella typhimurium received by the Scottish Salmonella Reference Laboratory in 1974--6, the definitive phage types of which were known, revealed 137 different phage type/biotype groups. Four major epidemic clones, comprising 52% of the cultures, were recognized: 1/2a, 49/26a, 56/17g and 141/9f. The sources of each of these four groups of strains were primarily bovine (587 cultures) and human (361), suggesting a close association between infections in the two hosts. Epidemiological evidence showed that most of the outbreaks were caused by cultures of a single phage type/biotype, suggesting that both phage typing and biotyping characters were usually stable in the course of spread of epidemic strains. Thirty-two of the 63 phage types contained strains of more than one biotype. Cultures from 11 of the phage types were of two or more closely related biotypes and those from 21 others were of unrelated or distantly related biotypes. The combined use of phage typing and biotyping made it possible to detect occasional variations in the phage type or biotype in epidemic clones during their spread, e.g. phage type 49 to 204, 56 to 193, 141 to 193 and biotype 2a to 10a, 9f to 9bf, or 9cf, 26a to 26f.

Bacteriocin Plasmids↗
PubMed1980

Sarcoidosis associated with combined immunodeficiency.

The association of multiple non-caseating granulomata and a positive Kviem test is normally considered to be indicative of a diagnosis of sarcoidosis. However, although depressed cell-mediated immunity is commonly described, it is extremely rare to find a humoral immune paresis. A patient is reported who had multiple granulomata, depressed cellular and humoral immunity and a positive Kveim test.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

A milk-borne outbreak due to Salmonella dublin.

Salmonella dublin is primarily adapted to bovines and is a relatively rare cause of human illness. An outbreak is described in which it was estimated that at least 700 persons were infected from milk which had not been subjected to heat treatment. Although the organism was isolated from retail samples of milk, investigations at the dairy farm were inconclusive and a number of questions are posed. Attention is drawn to the value of inter-disciplinary cooperation in the investigation of the outbreak.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Food poisoning in hospitals in Scotland.

A review of 50 hospital-based outbreaks of food poisoning which were reported in Scotland during 1973--7, is described. At least 1530 persons consuming hospital-prepared food were involved. Thirty-one episodes were associated with Clostridium perfringens (C. welchii), 11 were due to food-borne salmonella infection, three to enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus, and five incidents were of undetermined aetiology. This differs noticeably from the experience in England and Wales where salmonellas appear to predominate as the main cause of hospital outbreaks. Twenty-two incidents occurred in hospitals for psychiatric or mentally subnormal patients, and ten others were located in geriatric units. Only 33 hospitals were involved in the 50 outbreaks as nine hospitals experienced two or more episodes. The role of the hospital in the occurrence of food poisoning may be over-emphasized in comparison with other catering establishments, as outbreaks are more readily recognized and laboratory facilities are usually available for investigation, but it is also believed that many episodes may not be reported. The peculiar problems of the hospital-catering service and particularly those of the older long-stay hospitals, are discussed in relation to preventive measures which would minimize the hazards of food poisoning.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

The significance of Ph1 mosaicism: a report of six cases of chronic granulocytic leukaemia and two cases of acute myeloid leukaemia.

Six cases of chronic granulocytic leukaemia (CGL) and two cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with dual populations of karyotypically normal and Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome-positive cells are described. GTG and QF-banding characterized the Ph1 as resulting from a 9/22 translocation in all eight cases. Four of the patients suffering from CGL presented with 100% Ph1-positive bone marrows, and after receiving intensive chemotherapy, karyotypically normal cells were demonstrated. The other two patients with CGL showed Ph1 mosaicism at presentation. The two patients with AML exhibited Ph1 mosaicism at presentation and throughout the course of the disease. In both of these patients, a marker No. 10 chromosome was found in some of the Ph1-positive cells and in one hyperdiploidy was observed to have developed only in the clone with the additional chromosome anomaly.

Adult↗