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Biomedical subjects

J C Scotto

Publications and source records attributed to J C Scotto.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Clozapine and negative symptoms. An open study.

1. Clozapine, the first atypical antipsychotic, has demonstrated an efficacy in the treatment of resistant schizophrenia. But one of the major challenge in the treatment of schizophrenia remains the lack of efficacy of antipsychotics on negative symptoms of schizophrenia. 2. The authors studied the efficacy of clozapine in an open study in a population of 51 patients, who met the DSM IV criteria for schizophrenia. Using the positive and negative symptom scale (P.A.N.S.S.), and the Extra Pyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale (E.S.R.S.), we try to identify the specificity of the action of clozapine on the different symptomatic dimensions of schizophrenia. 3. The efficacy of clozapine was clinically significant on the negative symptomatology but was delayed compared to the efficacy on the other dimensions of symptomatology evaluated using the PANSS. 4. Nine patients, were considered as deficit patients; in this sample clozapine also demonstrated a significant efficacy on negative symptoms. The efficacy of clozapine did not seem to be a consequence of the better neurological tolerance of this antipsychotic evaluated with ESRS.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Clinical expressions of depression].

The main clinical manifestations of depression can be described as a decrease of the psychic tone resulting in a disturbance of mood prone to sadness and a psychomotor retardation with slowness and feeling of fatigue. Anxiety is usually associated to these core symptoms as well as somatic signs. Suicidal risk is always present and is increased during melancolic states. A great clinical polymorphism makes the diagnosis difficult in some cases. If the spontaneous course of depression is usually favorable within a year, antidepressant treatments are necessary to shorten the duration of the illness and to avoid chronicisation and relapse.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

A multicentre double-blind comparison of hydroxyzine, buspirone and placebo in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

The efficacy of hydroxyzine and buspirone, controlled by placebo, was investigated in a double-blind, parallel group, multicentre study conducted in France and the UK. A total of 244 patients with generalised anxiety disorder in primary care was allocated randomly to treatments with hydroxyzine (12.5 mg morning and mid-day, 25 mg evening), buspirone (5 mg morning and mid-day, 10 mg evening) or placebo (three capsules/day) for 4 weeks, preceded by a 1-week single-blind placebo run-in and followed by 1-week single-blind placebo administration. Rating scales were applied on days -7,0,7,14, 12,28 and 35. Seventy percent of the patients were female, the average age was 41 +/- 11 years, and the mean Hamilton Anxiety Score at day 0 was 26.5 +/- 4.2. Only 31 of the 244 patients dropped out, but equally in the three groups. Intention-to-treat LOCF analyses on the primary variable showed a significant difference only between hydroxyzine and placebo with respect to improvement on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (10.75 versus 7.23 points, respectively). Secondary variables such as CGI and self-ratings (HAD scale) showed both hydroxyzine and buspirone to be more efficacious than placebo. Thus, hydroxyzine is a useful treatment for GAD.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[Cycloid psychoses].

Cycloid psychoses constitute an original classification originally proposed by Leonhard and comprising clinical pictures intermediate between schizophrenic psychoses and bipolar disorders. The exact situation of these disorders in psychiatric classifications has been the subject of debate, and their existence is still questioned. Only schizo-affective psychoses have been accepted as autonomous. Treatment of cycloid psychoses most often consists of neuroleptics but also mood regulators, particularly those having anti-epileptic effects Lastly, prognosis of these disorders usually is not as poor as that of schizophrenia and is marked by a cycloid course, with symptom-free periods between episodes.

Humans↗
PubMed1995

[Drug addiction and AIDS].

Drug abusers are one of the main groups exposed to the HIV contamination: they account for 23.3% of the cumulative cases of contamination in France. If sharing injection equipment is the major risk factor, we must consider the use of some specific drugs, personality factors, socioeconomic status and sexual behaviors to be significant risk factors. Nowadays, programmes aimed at reducing the transmission of HIV among drug injectors are raising. Information, education, HIV testing, free access to sterile injecting equipment, methadone maintenance programmes and prevention of risky sexual behaviors are the main tools of this policy.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1994

[The depressed patient: remission or recovery?].

Since Kraepelin's works, depressive disorders have been considered as transient pathological episodes which are easily cured with antidepressive medications. Among these disorders, only manic-depressive illness, due to its periodic course, and neurotic depression, prone to recurrences and chronicity, do not fit with this model. In fact, many recent studies, conducted for the most part on large samples of depressive patients followed during a long period of time (many years), lead to other perspectives. it seems that, for most of the patients if not for all of them, recurrence and chronicity should be the rule. Comorbid personality disorders are of some importance for the course of depressive disorders but cannot explain why so many depressive patients experience recurrences of the disease. Some new hypothesis are investigated and one of them, proposed by R. Post and colleagues, postulate that stressors, like some life events, can induce transcription factors (mainly the proto-oncogene c-fos) which then affect neurotransmitters and, by consequence, the responsibility of the limbic system. Thus, these neurobiological changes could lead to further occurrences of depressive illness in patients who had experienced one depressive episode. All these data highlight the critical importance of early therapeutic intervention in the illness and of sustained maintenance treatment in order to avoid recurrences or chronicity.

Combined Modality Therapy↗
PubMed1991

[The health of foreign populations in France].

In France, 8% of the population are foreign. They come from the lowest socio-economic level. In distinguishing the new arrivals from those who have lived in France for several years, the migrant related health patterns are applied. Health problems of foreigners in France can be examined in a number of different ways: --Foreign workers are found in unskilled work and in jobs where they are constantly subjected to hazards of the workplace, occupational health risks and accidents. --The quality of maternal and child health care among foreign women is lower than among the French. --Foreign children are hospitalized more often and for longer than French children. The types of illness are not specific. The truancy rate is more significant than the national mean. --Restrictions on the opportunities for enjoying certain social rights, administrative and financial obstacles encountered as well as difficulties in communication all make it harder to meet the needs of this section of the population.

Child↗
PubMed1984

[Treatment of anxiety with prazepam, 40 mg. A controlled study versus lorazepam].

Anxiolytic effects and tolerance of a four weeks treatment with prazepam (single dose of 40 mg in the evening) and with lorazepam (3 daily doses of 1.25 mg) are compared in a double blind study. Patients were treated by psychiatrists and were suffering from neurotic anxiety. Evaluation for therapeutic efficacy used a clinical global improvement scale and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. Evaluation for side effects used the side effects symptoms check list. Anxiolytic effects of prazepam and lorazepam are not significantly different. Tolerance of the two treatments is comparable. The side effects are essentially an undesirable sedative action.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Practical aspects of the care of immigrant patients in a psychiatric milieu].

The institutional psychiatric treatment of migrant workers is difficult. But it is also necessary: the most dangerous evolutions happen when there is no intervention or during long breaks of therapy. From their own experience, authors ask themselves about what, in usual attitudes of psychiatrist, can drive into blind-alleys. The symptomatology shown by maghrebian migrant has implications in fields of sociology, culture and psychology, with wide extensions in politics, economics, etc. In front of symptoms (described there), different persons give different institutional answers, described too. Each pathological situation is either revelating of migrant's contradictions or origin of new contradictions.

Africa, Northern↗