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Biomedical subjects

J C Rogers

Publications and source records attributed to J C Rogers.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Changes in occupational role performance after a severe burn: a retrospective study.

Ten men with severe burn injuries were interviewed to examine their perceptions of the residual impact of severe burn on performance in self-care, home management, work, and leisure occupations within the year after rehabilitation. Three patterns of occupational role performance after a burn were identified: (a) a resumption of participation in all four occupational categories; (b) a return to independence in self-care with substantive impairment in home management, work, and/or leisure roles; and (c) substantive disruption in all occupational roles. Role loss or disruption was commonly associated with reduced endurance, intolerance for standing and walking, and impaired grip strength and upper extremity skill. Suggestions for rehabilitation programming and research are made.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1988

Barley alpha-amylase genes. Quantitative comparison of steady-state mRNA levels from individual members of the two different families expressed in aleurone cells.

We have cloned and sequenced two barley alpha-amylase genes belonging to the high pI isozyme family, one of which, Amy6-4, corresponds to a cDNA previously characterized by our laboratory. A 750-base pair probe from Amy6-4, representing primarily the promoter/upstream sequences cross-hybridizes on genomic Southern blots under stringent conditions to five other genes or pseudogenes; this demonstrates that the promoter/upstream region in these different members of the gene family is highly conserved. In contrast, this probe hybridizes very poorly to the genomic fragment containing the other cloned high pI gene, Amy46, a finding consistent with substantial divergence of sequence about 200 base pairs upstream from the TATA box of each. We compared steady-state mRNA levels from these individual genes to levels for mRNAs from two low pI alpha-amylase genes and from the single copy gene for aleurain, a thiol protease, using quantitative S1 nuclease protection assays. We found, in RNA from aleurone cells treated with gibberellic acid for 19-24 h, that the two low pI alpha-amylase mRNAs are each about five times more abundant than Amy6-4 or aleurain, which are, in turn, about 10 times more abundant than Amy46. These results indicate that as many as seven closely related high pI genes are needed to provide mRNA levels approaching those from the two low pI genes. We speculate that the substantially lower level of expression of Amy46 may be related to its divergent sequence upstream from the promoter.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Direct assessment of activities of daily living in Alzheimer's disease. A controlled study.

The relationship between severity of dementia and performance in four experimental tasks was studied in nine patients with Alzheimer's disease and nine age-matched controls. The experimental tasks were developed in order to establish a direct measure of functional performance in common activities of daily living. In the Alzheimer's patients, significant but moderate positive associations were found between the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR), a comprehensive rating tool designed specifically for Alzheimer's disease, and performance on the experimental tasks. A significant correlation was also found between the results of the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ), a less specific dementia assessment instrument, and the CDR but not between the SPMSQ and the performance measure. When compared to nine normal subjects matched for gender, age, and education, the cognitively impaired subjects required more assistance and time (P less than .01) in completing the tasks. The findings support the conclusion that severity of dementia and performance on activities of daily living tasks are related but distinct concepts and should be measured separately.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1988

The educational preparation and professional activities of occupational therapists.

The professional activities of five groups of occupational therapists with different educational backgrounds were compared to examine the influence of education on career characteristics. Analysis of covariance, using length of professional experience as the covariate, revealed statistically significant differences in the areas of education, administration and supervision, leadership, oral presentations, publications, and research but not in clinical practice, public relations, products development, or professional recognition. The greatest differences emerged between the bachelor's, postbaccalaureate certificate, and basic master's groups and the advanced master's and other master's groups, thus supporting the association between increased education and increased professional involvement. No differences were detected between the bachelor's, certificate, and basic master's groups or between the advanced and other master's groups. The least involvement in professional activities occurred in the certificate group although the participation level for all groups was low. Although the findings highlight the important role of education in increasing therapists' involvement in professional activities, educational interventions more subtle than manipulating the entry level for practice or proliferating occupational therapy graduate programs may be needed to create a cadre of occupational therapists committed to advancing the stature of occupational therapy.

Education, Graduate↗
PubMed1988

Burnout in occupational therapists.

Burnout is a job-related condition involving feelings of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced personal accomplishment. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1981a) is the instrument most widely used to measure job-related stress in human service professions, such as occupational therapy. This study explored the application of the Maslach Burnout Inventory for use with occupational therapists. The subjects were 99 registered occupational therapists residing in the southeastern United States. Mean scores lower than the aggregate occupational norms provided by the test's authors on the Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization subscales supported the need to develop specific norms for occupational therapists. Results of this study indicate that use of the aggregate norms would underestimate the level of experienced burnout. Correlational analyses delineated significant relationships between age and Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization, education and Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization, years of work as an occupational therapist and Depersonalization and Personal Accomplishment, years in the present position and Personal Accomplishment (intensity only), hours of direct patient contact and Emotional Exhaustion (intensity only), and hours of direct patient contact and Depersonalization (frequency only). These correlates of burnout furnish clues for understanding the development of work-related stress in occupational therapists.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Sinoatrial and atrioventricular dysfunction associated with the use of guanabenz acetate.

Guanabenz acetate is an antihypertensive drug that is closely related to clonidine hydrochloride. Clonidine is well known to potentiate atrioventricular (AV) node conduction disturbances, but to date that effect has not been attributed to guanabenz. A case of electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic studies in a patient with both sinus and AV node conduction disturbances associated with the use of guanabenz acetate is reported. The sinus cycle length was increased by 50% after guanabenz and the sinus node recovery time was prolonged by 42%. AV block occurred proximal to the His bundle and His-ventricular prolongation of 42% also occurred. This drug should be used cautiously in patients with evidence of sinus or AV node dysfunction.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Nucleotide sequence analysis of alpha-amylase and thiol protease genes that are hormonally regulated in barley aleurone cells.

We have determined the nucleotide sequences of Amy32b, a type A alpha-amylase gene, and of the gene for aleurain, a thiol protease closely related to mammalian cathepsin H. Both are expressed in barley aleurone cells under control of the plant hormones gibberellic acid and abscisic acid, but only aleurain is expressed at high levels in other barley tissues. Sequence analysis indicates that the 5' end of the aleurain gene, comprising 3 exons and 2 introns, may have become associated with the remainder of the gene, encoding the protease domain of the protein, by some sort of recombination event. This 5' domain of the gene is very G + C-rich and is flanked by inverted repetitive sequences. We found two different groups of homologous sequence elements. The first group consists of four blocks of sequences conserved in the same spatial arrangement in both genes; these are arranged at similar intervals upstream from the Amy32b TATA box and from a TATA box present in intron 3 of aleurain, outside of the 5' domain and upstream from the protease domain. A part of two of these conserved sequences is similar to the core sequence of certain enhancer elements characterized from mammalian cells. The second group of homologous elements is present in the upstream region of both genes. We speculate that these conserved sets of sequences may have some role in either the tissue specificity of expression of the genes or in some part of the hormonal regulation imposed on them.

Abscisic Acid↗
PubMed1987

Impact of a screening family genogram on first encounters in primary care.

The family genogram is generally used when the clinical situation suggests that a family assessment is warranted. Owing to the prevalence of psychosocial problems in primary care, a screening genogram that is administered to patients routinely may have a significant impact on the care provided by clinicians. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine the influence of screening genograms on patients' initial visits to primary care physicians. The genograms captured more information about family structure, major life events, repetitive illnesses, and family relationships than did the physicians on their own. Nevertheless, the experimental and control groups were no different on the dependent variables: physician exploration of family issues, request for interviews with other family members and counseling or referral because of emotional problems. Although the power of the study alone could account for the lack of significant results, several other methodological issues, especially contamination of the control group, could have contributed to the negative results. The results of this study are similar to those of other psychosocial screening studies using similar designs. Hence, additional studies using alternative research protocols are indicated before rejecting the usefulness of screening genograms in primary care.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1985

Conserved amino acid sequence domains in alpha-amylases from plants, mammals, and bacteria.

Although alpha-amylases from mammals, plants, and bacteria have common functions, the amino acid sequences of enzymes from these three, evolutionarily distant groups of organisms are not known to share common homologies, and active sites have not been identified. Here I demonstrate that there are three sequence domains common to all alpha-amylases that are aligned and spaced at similar intervals along the length of each protein. The first domain in the barley enzymes appears to contain a calcium binding site. These common domains may represent important functional regions, perhaps the active sites.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Two barley alpha-amylase gene families are regulated differently in aleurone cells.

Isolation of a full- or nearly full-length cDNA clone for the type B isozyme of barley alpha-amylase is described. The coding region has a high GC content and an unusual codon bias similar to that described for the type A isozyme cDNA previously characterized by our laboratory. The theoretical secondary structure for the 5' end of this type B mRNA, as well as that for the two previously identified type A transcripts, is unusual in that the AUG initiation codon is enclosed in each instance by a very stable hairpin loop. Results of primer extension experiments utilizing probes for the 5' coding regions of both types of mRNA are consistent with some of the features of these predicted structures. Primer extension experiments utilizing a probe specific for the type B 5' coding region identified only one type of extension products, and these had 5' untranslated region sequences identical to that of the type B cDNA. Thus there appears to be only one major type of type B gene transcribed. Hybridization experiments utilizing 5' probes specific for type A and for the type B mRNA demonstrate different effects of the hormone, gibberellic acid. The type A mRNAs are present in relatively large amounts in unstimulated aleurone cells and increase about 20-fold after stimulation with gibberellic acid. In contrast, the type B mRNA is present at very low levels in unstimulated cells, but increases at least 100-fold after cells are exposed to the hormone.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1985

Aleurain: a barley thiol protease closely related to mammalian cathepsin H.

We have isolated and sequenced a 1400-base-pair cDNA derived from gibberellic acid-treated aleurone cell mRNA. This sequence contains an open reading frame that would code for a protein of 361 amino acids. The carboxyl-terminal two-thirds of the predicted amino acid sequence is closely related to that of the rat lysosomal thiol protease cathepsin H; the initial 143 amino acids may code for a secretory peptide plus a prosegment. The expression of this aleurone thiol protease mRNA is unusual in that, in aleurone cells, its abundance is regulated by the plant hormones gibberellic acid and abscisic acid, but it is also expressed at high levels in leaf and root tissue. This protease may represent the equivalent of a plant lysosomal thiol protease.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Coordinate increase in major transcripts from the high pI alpha-amylase multigene family in barley aleurone cells stimulated with gibberellic acid.

The purpose of this study was to identify specifically genes and transcripts for the high pI isozyme of barley alpha-amylase. From hybridization of coding sequence probes to blots of genomic DNA digested with restriction enzymes that do not cut within our cloned high pI alpha-amylase cDNA, it is estimated that about 7 alpha-amylase genes or pseudogenes exist. No difference could be detected between barley aleurone cell and sprout DNAs. Experiments using probes from the 5' and 3' untranslated sequences of the high pI alpha-amylase cDNA clone identified three HindIII fragments that probably carry high pI sequences. Primer extension experiments used as a primer the terminal 5' coding sequence from our cDNA clone; this primer would not cross-hybridize to low pI alpha-amylase transcripts. Two major transcripts were identified. These shared a conserved 23-base sequence immediately 5' to the ATG start codon, although a C----G transversion and a 3-base deletion were present within this sequence. An unusual 8-base pair GC palindrome was present in the conserved region immediately preceding the ATG start codon. Distal to the conserved sequence there was no apparent homology. One transcript carrying a 97-base untranslated region was identical to our high pI cDNA clone E. The gene for the other was recovered from a lambda phage genomic library. The 5' coding sequence was very similar, but not identical to clone E, demonstrating that these transcripts arise from separate genes. The two transcripts increased coordinately in aleurone cells stimulated with gibberellic acid. These data indicate that there is a high pI alpha-amylase multigene family with at least two active members, both of which are regulated in some manner by the plant hormone gibberellic acid.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1983

Isolation and sequence analysis of a barley alpha-amylase cDNA clone.

We have isolated a cDNA clone derived from poly(A+) RNA from barley aleurone cells stimulated with gibberellic acid. This cDNA clone contains one open reading frame coding for 438 amino acids. The cloned DNA hybridizes to a poly(A+) RNA species 1550 bases in size, the same size as the most abundant poly(A+) RNA molecules in stimulated cells. RNA complementary to this clone can be translated to make immunoprecipitable alpha-amylase in the wheat germ system and increases about 5-fold in quantity after gibberellic acid stimulation of aleurone cells. In contrast, hybridization experiments using a total cDNA probe demonstrate that the most abundant mRNA population, identical in size with our cloned sequence and presumably that for alpha-amylase, increases at least 17-fold after gibberellic acid stimulation. We therefore infer that there must be at least two populations of alpha-amylase mRNA molecules derived from separate structural genes differently influenced by gibberellic acid in aleurone cells.

Amino Acid Sequence↗