Fatty acid amides: scooting mode-based discovery of tight-binding competitive inhibitors of secreted phospholipases A2.
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Amides↗
Biomedical subjects
J C Reid
Publications and source records attributed to J C Reid.
Comorbidity for disruptive behavior disorders in psychiatrically hospitalized children.
A variety of instruments were used to compare six groups of inpatient children: pure attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADDH), pure conduct disorder (CD), pure oppositional defiant disorder (OD), ADDH + CD, and ADDH + OD, and a clinical control group who had no DBD diagnosis. Children with ADDH and CD or OD exhibited a greater degree of psychopathology. Children with CD and OD were more similar than different, indicating that perhaps a continuum of pathology exists between these diagnostic classifications.
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
GALE: a graphics assisted learning environment for computer-based interactive videodisc education.
GALE, a Graphics Assisted Learning Environment, is a computer-based interactive videodisc authoring tool. GALE was created as the authoring package for AI/LEARN/Rheumatology, an independent study system for teaching rheumatology to medical trainees. GALE has potential widespread application beyond rheumatology. Interactive videodisc technology is a prime feature of GALE. Other highlights are: WordPerfect macros which simplify programming, graphics-based large text characters, tracking of user responses, hypertext-like definition capabilities, color coded screens to distinguish between hypertext branches and the mainstream of the course content and ability to overlay text on the video image. GALE runs on a PC-compatible computer with selected Pioneer LaserDisc players. GALE uses WordPerfect 5.1 for text editing and has been designed for use by non-programmers.
Computer Graphics↗
Effectiveness of an inpatient-based rheumatology elective.
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Education, Medical, Undergraduate↗
Hopelessness in children and adolescents. An overview.
Most research on hopelessness has focused on adult populations. However, with the recent publication of Kazdin's Hopelessness Scale for Children, there has been increasing attention directed toward hopelessness in children. This report reviews research on hopelessness, and in both adults and children, emphasizes findings which support Beck's cognitive trial view of depression. Also discussed is the neglected topic of hopelessness within the academic setting, including attributions, motivation and delayed gratification. This report suggests ways to prevent and treat hopelessness in the school-aged child, focusing primarily on cognitive-behavioral techniques.
Adolescent↗
Preliminary evaluation of learning via the AI/LEARN/Rheumatology interactive videodisc system.
AI/LEARN/Rheumatology is a level three videodisc system to teach clinical observational skills in three important diseases: rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. The AI/LEARN software was developed on an independent authoring system called GALE designed for MS-DOS based computers. The purpose of this paper is to present preliminary data about the efficacy of teaching by the use of an interactive videodisc system as evaluated by examinations centered upon disease-oriented learning objectives and by attitude questionnaires. We tested the efficacy of the AI/LEARN/Rheumatology system using both medical students and residents taking the rheumatology elective. Data collected were on learning, attitudes, and ranking of curricular elements of the rotation. We kept records on the student time and search path through the interactive videodisc system. Control data were collected during 1990, before the AI/LEARN/Rheumatology program was available. Data for the treatment groups were collected during 1991 and 1992, while the trainees used the AI/LEARN/Rheumatology system. The basic difference between the control year and the treatment year curricula was the substitution of AI/LEARN/Rheumatology for three hours of lecture covering the three target diseases. AI/LEARN/Rheumatology was as effective as traditional methods of instruction as measured by scores on a multiple choice test. Student and resident learning was related to the time spent on the system. Students and residents ranked the AI/LEARN/Rheumatology system as the single most helpful learning tool in their 8 week rheumatology block, ranking it above the examination of patients.
Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
Aggression and anxiety: a new look at an old notion.
The present study examined the relationship between anxiety and aggression. A total of 210 subjects, 8, 12, and 17 years of age, were studied. The Conflict Tactics Scale was used to measure the subjects' verbal and physical aggression. The Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale was used to measure anxiety; the Child Assessment Schedule and its parental version were used to identify the DSM-III diagnoses. Results indicated significantly more anxiety in both the high-verbal and high-physical aggression subjects. Findings are discussed, and clinical implications of the study are considered.
Adolescent↗
Health promotion of older adults: perceived barriers.
The purpose of this descriptive study was to examine the perceptions of rural men and women, ages 50 to 70 years, regarding barriers to health promotion in the treatment of a chronic disease entity--hypertension. Orem's constructs of self-care provided the theoretical framework for the study. Specific study aims were to (a) identify health belief/values, (b) assess perceptions of self-care abilities, (c) determine relative risk through health appraisal, and (d) describe phenomenological perceived barriers to health promotion as a lived experience. Major findings indicated no relationship between health beliefs/values and self-care. The health value scores of females for all four subscales were somewhat higher than the scores for males. Average, appraised and achievable ages for relative risk of dying from all causes were significant for men. Phenomenological themes revealed diet, weight and medication usage to be two factors associated with perceived barriers. Small sample size and voluntary participation limited generalization. Nursing implications included the need for (a) greater assessment of the influence of perceived barriers, (b) better approaches to health teaching, and (c) more appropriate design of educative--supportive nursing interventions for facilitating client self-care.
Aged↗
Psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents: the contribution of the child's temperament and the parents' psychopathology and attitudes.
Correlates of child psychopathology were studied in a community sample of 210 children and adolescents (with equal numbers of boys and girls). Children suffering from a psychiatric disorder had more temperamental difficulties and their parents showed a higher level of psychopathology than those without a disorder. Furthermore, a regression analysis revealed that difficult temperamental traits in the child and the parents' attitudes toward the child were primary predictors of psychiatric disorders in the child. The relationship between the parent and child as well as the environment-temperament impact on child psychopathology are discussed.
Adolescent↗
Utility of the Beck Depression Inventory with clinic-referred adolescents.
This study reports on the utilization of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents (DICA) in a sample of 100 clinic referred adolescents. Results indicate that the BDI efficiently identified and differentiated depressed from nondepressed adolescents. In addition, greater levels of depressive symptomatology and depressive disorder were found in girls. Reasons for these general sex differences are discussed, and it is concluded that a psychological explanation appears more promising than existing biological explanations.
Adolescent↗
Air-contrast barium enema studies after flexible proctosigmoidoscopy: randomized controlled clinical trial.
The authors performed a randomized clinical trial to determine the effect of flexible proctosigmoidoscopy (FPS) on the quality of air-contrast barium enema (ACBE) studies performed on the same day and whether it mattered if air or carbon dioxide was used for endoscopic insufflation. One hundred twenty-one patients were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: Same-day studies were performed, with air used for insufflation, in group 1; same-day studies, with carbon dioxide, in group 2; and separate-day studies in group 3. Scout images obtained before the ACBE study were graded for the amount of air seen, and ACBE studies were graded for overall quality; each was graded on a scale of 0-3 in a blinded fashion. The air score was significantly greater in group 1 (2.69) than in group 2 (2.01) (P less than .001), which in turn was significantly greater than in group 3 (1.53) (P less than .01). The ACBE quality scores in the three groups were not significantly different. The authors conclude that FPS can be done before ACBE examination without impairing the quality of the ACBE study. Although carbon dioxide insufflation results in less intestinal air after FPS, the quality of the ACBE study is not affected.
Air↗
Correlates of anxiety in psychiatrically hospitalized children and their parents.
The authors separated 100 children hospitalized in a child psychiatry service into three groups according to their level of anxiety on the basis of the responses of the children and their parents to diagnostic interviews. Differentiation of the groups of children was validated by independent test instruments. Results of tests administered to the children and their parents revealed significant relationships between anxiety in the adults and in the children. In addition, parents of anxious children reported more SCL-90-R symptoms as well as more negative family relations than parents of nonanxious children and the more severely anxious children had higher rates of dysthymia and negative life events.
Anxiety Disorders↗
Risk factors and correlates of severe psychiatric disorders in a sample of inpatient children.
This study used three informants to assess pervasiveness of psychopathology in a sample of 100 psychiatrically hospitalized children. Analyses of risk factors for severely disturbed and less disturbed children revealed that hopelessness, anxiety, low self-esteem, undisciplined personality profile, and negative life events differentiated the severely disturbed group from the less disturbed group. Implications of these findings are discussed, with an emphasis on the importance of focusing on degree of psychopathology with regard to risk factors.
Age Factors↗
Ovine ceroid lipofuscinosis. The major lipopigment protein and the lipid-binding subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase have the same NH2-terminal sequence.
Previous studies on lipopigment isolated from sheep affected with ceroid lipofuscinosis (Batten's disease) showed that the disease is a lysosomal proteinosis, involving specific storage of peptide(s) that migrate in dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an apparent Mr of 3500. This band is the dominant contributor to the lipopigment mass. When purified total lipopigment proteins were loaded onto a protein sequencer, a dominant sequence was found, identical to the NH2 terminus of the lipid-binding subunit of protein translocating mitochondrial ATP synthase. This sequence was determined to 40 residues and a minimum estimate of 40% made for its contribution to the lipopigment protein mass. The full lipid-binding subunit has physical and chemical properties similar to those of the specifically stored low Mr peptide, which may be the full protein or a large NH2-terminal fragment of it. Lipopigments in the human ceroid lipofuscinoses also contain a major component with similar physical and chemical properties. These and previous results indicate that the genetic lesion in ovine ceroid lipofuscinosis causes an abnormal accumulation of this peptide in lysosomes, i.e. the disease is a proteolipid proteinosis, specifically a lysosomal mitochondrial ATP synthase lipid-binding subunit proteinosis. The analogous human diseases are likely to reflect storage of the same or similar peptides.
Animals↗
Levels of hopelessness in children and adolescents: a developmental perspective.
We investigated hopelessness at 3 age levels (8-, 12-, and 17-year-olds) in 210 children and adolescents from a community sample derived from public school listings of 4,810 children in a midwestern college town. The sample included 105 boys and 105 girls, and there were 70 subjects in each age group. The major finding was that children with high hopelessness scores are at greater risk not only for suicide and depression as revealed by the Child Assessment Schedule and the Birleson Depression Scale but also for overall psychopathology. This study suggests that hopelessness does not increase from preadolescence to adolescence in a general population.
Adolescent↗
Psychopathology in a community sample of children and adolescents: a developmental perspective.
Psychiatric disorders, symptom clusters and adjustment problems in a community based sample comprised three age cohorts: 8, 12, and 17 years. The data indicated that anxiety symptoms decreased with age. Conduct problems increased with age for males, affective problems increased with age for females, and substance use and social anxiety increased with age for both sexes. Concerns about inadequacy also increases with age, but only for females. These gender-based developmental differences in psychopathology and other findings are discussed.
Adolescent↗
Correlates of suicidal ideation in a community sample of children and adolescents.
The correlates of suicidal ideation were studied in a community sample of 210 children and adolescents. Psychopathology of the child by the child's report and by the parent's report was analyzed, as well as analysis of the psychopathology of the parent. Fourteen children [corrected] in this sample reported suicidal ideation. Parents were generally not aware of their children's suicidal ideations. Children who reported suicidal ideation showed significantly more psychopathology than children who did not. The parents of children with suicidal ideation reported that their children had more externalizing but fewer internalizing symptoms than reported by their children. Parents of children who reported suicidal ideations were themselves experiencing a greater intensity of psychological distress. The implications of these results are discussed.
Adolescent↗
Developmental perspectives in child and adolescent depressive symptoms in a community sample.
This developmental study provides some normative data on the distribution of depressive symptoms in 210 children and adolescents in three different age groups (8, 12, and 17 years) from a nonclinically referred sample. The Child Assessment Schedule and other instruments were used. Studying depression from a dimensional point of view, the authors found withdrawal, pessimism, horrible dreams, and suicidal ideation and tendency in the different age groups to be closely related to depressive symptoms.
Adolescent↗