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Biomedical subjects

J C Pearson

Publications and source records attributed to J C Pearson.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

Radioimmunoassay of serum prostatic acid phosphatase after prostatic massage.

The effect of prostatic massage on the concentration of prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) in blood serum as determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) was compared with that determined by a standard enzymatic assay (EA). Serum was drawn from 24 men before prostatic massage and after--at specified intervals, up to twenty-four hours. Three of these men were young, normal controls; 10 had biopsy-proved prostate cancer (CA); 11 had histologically confirmed benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). After prostatic massage, 3 of the 10 CA patients (30%) had elevation of PAP as determined by EA and 4 of the 11 BPH patients (36%) as determined by RIA. None of the controls showed elevated levels of PAP by either assay. In all patients elevated levels of PAP by both assays had returned to normal twenty-four hours after massage. It was concluded that serum for PAP testing by either assay method should be drawn before or twenty-four hours after rectal examination to prevent false positive results and the need for retesting.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1983

A study revealing a tall pelvis in subjects with low back pain.

Modern anthropometric techniques were used to investigate two groups of subjects, one with various syndromes associated with pain in the lower back and the other a control group. Analysis confirmed previous reports that people prone to pain in the back have a greater standing height than people who are not. To investigate this further two new components of height, namely pelvic height and suprapelvic height, were calculated in addition to the established calculation of subischial height. Consecutive components, namely suprapelvic height, pelvic height and subischial height, together constituted the standing height of a subject. The main finding of this investigation was that the relatively large standing height of the subject prone to back pain was due only to the pelvic component.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Endocrinology of testicular neoplasms.

The hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis finely regulates levels of circulating sex steroids--especially testosterone and estradiol--and spermatogenesis. Testosterone, directly as an androgen and as a prehormone for estradiol, regulates LH secretion at both hypothalamic and pituitary levels. Leydig cells, principally under the control of LH, produce testosterone. Sertoli cells, under the control of FSH, and sensitive to intratesticular levels of testosterone, produce estradiol. This locally produced estrogen seems to be necessary for maturation of the germ cells. An abnormality in this sensitive control system, leading to elevations in gonadotrophins or steroid levels, may be etiologically important in both germ cell and nongerm cell neoplasia. Testicular cancers are associated frequently with endocrinologic manifestations, which may be more disabling to the patient than the malignant potential of the tumor, especially with childhood Leydig cell tumors. Estrogen dominance with an elevated estrogen/testosterone ratio can be seen in any testicular neoplasm and may result in gynecomastia. It may be due to a decrease in circulating testosterone or to an increase in estrogens. Virilization is seen frequently in Leydig cell tumors of adolescents. Further elucidation of hormonal interrelationships should lead to better understanding of the genesis of testicular neoplasia and to more effective therapy.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

On the question of the ventral intermediate nucleus in primate thalamus. A study of the lesser bushbaby, Galago senegalensis.

Cytoarchitectural and hodological evidence is given which supports the contention that the large-celled, intermediate zone between ventral posterior lateral (VPL) and ventral lateral (VL) nuclei is an independent thalamic nucleus, designated as the ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim), in the thalamic ventral tier of Galago senegalensis. Observation of Nissl-stained sections indicates that Vim contains cells which are larger than those in VL and more scattered in appearance than those in VPL. Fink and Heimer stained brains show that after cord hemisection the spinothalamic degeneration in Vim is sparse in amount and scattered in organization as opposed to the 'bursts' of dense degeneration in VPL. Following cortical injection of horseradish peroxidase, thalamocortical relay cells in Vim are distinct form those in VPL in both size and organization. Consequently, this study corroborates previous results on another primate and suggests that a distinct VPL-VL transitional nucleus, Vim, is present in the ventral tier of the prosimian primate galago senegalensis. The functional significance of Vim and its possible role in the evolution of primate locomotor behavior are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Somatosensory thalamus of a prosimian primate (Galago senegalensis). I. Configuration of nuclei and termination of spinothalamic fibers.

The configuration of somatosensory relay nuclei and termination of spinothalamic fibers were studied in the dorsal thalamus of a prosimian primate(Galago senegalensis) using Nissl, Klüver and Barrera ('53), Weil ('45), and Fink and Heimer ('67) methods. The ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) is divided into medial and lateral parts (VPLm and VPLl, respectively) by a sheet-like lamina of fibers. Spinothalamic input to Galago VPL is somatopically arranged; input from the forelimb terminates in VPLm and that from hindlimb in VPLl. In addition, preterminal debris in caudal VPL is dense and organized into "parcellated bursts" (terminology of Mehler, '69). Consequently, the nature of the spinothalamic debris in VPL of Galago is similar to that reported for higher primates (Mehler et al., '60). Located dorsomedial to the rostral extension of VPL is a zone of large, deeply staining cells designated as the ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim). Following hemisection at either cervical or lumbar spinal cord levels, preterminal debris, independent of that coursing into VPL, enters the Vim. This substantiates the presence of an intermediate nucleus (i.e., Vim) between VPL and the more rostral ventral lateral nucleus. In the medial thalamic region, axonal degeneration is located in the central lateral nucleus (CL) and in the densocellular and the multiform portions of the dorsomedial nucleus. Only fibers of passage are identified in the centre median, the paracentral and the subparacentral nuclei. The posterior nuclear group (PO) in Galago is divided into medial and lateral parts designated as POm and POl, respectively. In addition, PO contains three distinct nuclei: 1) the magnocellular (MC) portion of the medial geniculate nucleus; 2) the nucleus limitans (Lim); and 3) the suprageniculate nucleus (SG). Following spinal cord hemisection, preterminal debris is located throughout the POm and around cells of the MC. Lim and SG contain no discernible degeneration. Preterminals are also found in a group of cells designated as the caudal part of the central lateral nucleus (CLC).

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Somatosensory thalamus of a prosimian primate (Galago senegalensis). II. An HRP and Golgi study of the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL).

The topographic arrangement and cytoarchitecture of cells in the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPL) of a prosimian primate (Galago senegalensis) were studied using horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and Golgi impregnation techniques. Following cortical implants of HRP, reactive neurons in VPL are organized into medially concave lamellae which extend through the dorsoventral and rostrocaudal dimensions of the nucleus. After implant in forelimb and hindlimb areas of motor-sensory cortex, labeled cells are confined to the medial (VPLm) and lateral (VPLl) portions of VPL, respectively. HRP-positive cells in the ventral part of each lamella are organized into clusters which correspond to the clusters of cells and "parcellated-bursts" of preterminal debris previously described in bushbaby VPL (Pearson and Haines, this volume). HRP-reactive cells in the ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim) are evenly distributed as contrasted to the tightly clustered groups of somata in the adjacent VPL. This evidence argues in favor of the presence of Vim in dorsal thalamus of this prosimian. Golgi impregnations reveal two main types of relay cells in Galago VPL. Type I cells have multiangular somata, straight distal dendrites, and primary dendritic branch points which are free of appendages. Tye II cells have rounded somata, sinuous distal dendrites, and clusters of appendages located at primary branch points. Intermediate cells (i.e., cells with morphological features in between types I and II) are also present in VPL. Comparison of tufted Golgi impregnated cells with neurons labeled with HRP shows definite similarities in somata size and shape, and in the orientation of proximal dendrites. This evidence corroborates the relay nature of the tufted neurons in VPL. Relay cells in Galago VPL have morphological features which are similar to those of relay cells in lateral and medial geniculate nuclei of cat and primate. Type III cells have small round somata, radiate dendrites with elaborate appendages, and axons which appear to be intrinsic to VPL. Consequently, these cells are considered to be interneurons in the VPL of Galago. Glial-like neurons (type IV cells) were also observed. These have beaded dendritic processes similar to those which presumably represent presynaptic boutons in other species. Consequently, these cells are also assumed to function intrinsically within VPL.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

A plea for conservation of kidney in renal adenocarcinoma associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease.

We report 3 cases of bilateral renal cell carcinoma associated with von Hippel-Lindau disease. Treatment consisted of local excision or simply shelling out of the lesion from the surrounding tissue. The 3 patients are free of disease (followup 6 to 36 months). Although multifocal the lesions are removed easily; thus, normal renal function is preserved and patients are spared the morbidity and mortality associated with hemodialysis or transplantation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1980

Post-transplantation pyelonephritis: factors producing low patient and transplant morbidity.

A retrospective study of 1,100 consecutive renal transplantations done on 959 patients revealed postoperative pyelonephritis in 15 patients, 14 of whom were women. Sixteen of the 20 episodes of pyelonephritis were caused by Escherichia coli and only 4 episodes occurred within the first year after transplantation, thus revealing the crucial differentiation from a rejection episode. When the etiology of the original renal failure was pyelonephritis the incidence of pyelonephritis in the transplanted kidneys was high. This high incidence also was true for cases associated with post-transplantation urological complications. When the etiology of renal failure was diabetes or polycystic renal disease, or when urologic abnormalities pre-existed the incidence of pyelonephritis was low. No transplant or patient loss was caused by post-transplantation pyelonephritis, probably because of prompt, correct diagnosis and a low urological complication rate.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Nonoperative diagnosis of pyelocalyceal deformity due to venous impressions.

Two patients with filling defects on films of the upper urinary tract caused by venous impressions are reported. To date, the literature includes 22 other cases. These cases are frequently associated with hematuria, flank or abdominal pain; the filling defect might be found incidentally during the evaluation of another problem. The two most frequent causes are varices--of renal vein, renal pelvic vein, ureteral veins, and normal renal vessels. Generally, the lesions were not diagnosed without surgical intervention. The filling defects of our cases were caused by other types of lesions. Their diagnosis was made nonoperatively through the use of intravenous pyelography, renal arteriography, and retrograde phlebography. Filling defects caused by venous impressions on the upper urinary tract should be diagnosed by the use of these three studies rather than surgically.

Adult↗