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Biomedical subjects

J C Murray

Publications and source records attributed to J C Murray.

At least 235 records · Page 13Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

Degradative pathways in cultured synovial fibroblasts: selective effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields.

A cell culture model for studying the cytokine-mediated degradation of connective tissue was exposed to clinically applied, low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF), and levels of collagenolytic activity, two lysosomal hydrolases, and prostaglandin E2 were measured. PEMFs reduced the release of two lysosomal enzymes by cultured rabbit synovial fibroblasts but did not affect their response to mononuclear-cell-conditioned medium. PEMF did not alter levels of cytokine activity produced by a mixed mononuclear cell population, nor did they affect the cytokine-mediated release of collagenase or prostaglandin E2 by synovial fibroblasts. The relevance of these findings to the clinical application of PEMF to soft- and hard-tissue injuries is discussed.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1988

Collagen synthesis in CBA mouse heart after total thoracic irradiation.

CBA mice were irradiated to the whole thorax with single doses of 240 kVp X-rays in the dose range 8-16 Gy. Collagen and total protein synthesis rates in the heart were measured at 2-monthly intervals using a radio-isotope incorporation technique. Doses of 10 Gy or greater caused a slight increase in collagen synthesis, followed by significantly reduced collagen synthesis by 16 weeks or longer after treatment. The depression in synthesis appeared correspondingly earlier with increasing dose. Total protein synthesis in heart followed similar patterns although changes were not statistically significant, indicating that the changes reflected alterations to collagen synthesis specifically, and not protein synthesis in general. Total hydroxyproline measurements showed no significant changes in heart collagen at any time as a result of X-irradiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Regional assignment of the gene for human liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase to chromosome 1p36.1-p34.

We have used three different methods to map the human liver/bone/kidney alkaline phosphatase (ALPL) locus: (1) Southern blot analysis of DNA derived from a panel of human-rodent somatic cell hybrids; (2) in situ hybridization to human chromosomes; and (3) genetic linkage analysis. Our results indicate that the ALPL locus maps to human chromosome bands 1p36.1-p34 and is genetically linked to the Rh (maximum lod score of 15.66 at a recombination value of 0.10) and fucosidase A (maximum lod score of 8.24 at a recombination value of 0.02) loci. These results, combined with restriction fragment length polymorphisms identified by ALPL DNA probes, provide a useful marker for gene mapping studies involving the short arm of chromosome 1. In addition, our results help to elucidate further the structure and evolution of the human alkaline phosphatase multigene enzyme family.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

RFLPs and linkage relationships of the human laminin B2 gene.

RFLPs for laminin B2 (LAMB2) are reported. These RFLPs were used to study the linkage relationships of LAMB2 to four other genes on lq: Duffy (FY), renin (REN), decay accelerating factor (DAF), and complement receptor 2 (CR2). Multipoint linkage analysis placed LAMB2 between FY and the cluster including REN, DAF, and CR2. This provides a useful bridging polymorphic marker on lq and establishes significant linkage of LAMB2 to FY (theta = 3.23, z = 3.85) and REN (theta = 0.17, z = 4.88).

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1988

Multiple hairy pacinian neurofibromas (nerve-sheath myxomas).

Pacinian neurofibromas are unusual tumors with components that resemble Vater-Pacini corpuscles and are probably a variant of nerve-sheath myxoma. Lesions composed predominantly of these structures have occurred on or near the buttocks in three previously reported cases; however, all were solitary and congenital. Two of these patients, with lesions that closely resembled mature Vater-Pacini corpuscles, had underlying skeletal anomalies. Our patient had multiple hairy pacinian neurofibromas (nerve-sheath myxomas) on the buttocks that were not associated with radiographic evidence of and underlying skeletal anomaly. Skeletal anomalies may be associated with "sacrococcygeal paciniomas" but probably not with true pacinian neurofibromas.

Buttocks↗
PubMed1988

Misonidazole reduces blood flow in two experimental murine tumours.

The effects of single doses of misonidazole (MISO) on blood flow and vascular volume in the SaFA and CaNT tumours and normal tissues of the mouse have been studied. MISO was administered in the dose range 250-1,000 mg kg-1 and blood flow measured at different times after MISO by the 86RbCl extraction technique. Vascular volume was assessed by the distribution of 51Cr-labelled red blood cells. MISO at doses of 500 mg kg-1 or greater decreased flow in both tumours by up to 60% within 2 h. Flow remained reduced for up to 24 h. Similar but less profound changes were seen in the skin, although flow had recovered by 24 h. Only slight changes were seen in muscle, and none in kidney. The apparent loss of flow in tumours seen after large single doses of MISO may have important implications for its use as a chemosensitizer.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

An RFLP for glycoprotein A (MN) is in linkage disequilibrium with MN and Ss.

Using a cDNA for glycophorin A (MN), we screened 10 unrelated Caucasians using 22 restriction enzymes for RFLPs. A common StuI RFLP was identified and shown to be in marked linkage disequilibrium with both the MN and Ss blood-group antigens in a larger group of unrelated Caucasians. This provides a DNA marker for a locus that has been of major importance in genetic and population studies. The demonstrated disequilibrium will prove useful in localizing the gene for glycophorin B and in studies of genetic and physical distances on human chromosomes.

DNA↗
PubMed1988

Pairwise linkage analysis of 11 loci on human chromosome 4.

New RFLPs are described for INP10 and interleukin 2. The 55 pairwise genetic linkage relationships for these two loci and nine additional loci on the long arm of chromosome 4 (4q) are reported. Fifteen new linkages are established, and new data are added to the four previously reported linkages on 4q. Tight linkage of interleukin 2 (T-cell growth factor), epidermal growth factor, and alcohol dehydrogenase is described. Significant differences were observed between male and female recombination rates. The female rate was estimated to be 1.27 times the male rate. On the basis of these pairwise results, the order for the 11 loci is D4S35-GC-(ALB/AFP)-MT2P1-D4S1-INP10-ADH3-( EGF/IL2)-(FBB/FBA/FBG)-MNS. This preliminary order can serve as a starting point for more detailed multipoint analysis.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMed1987

Rapid RFLP screening procedure identifies new polymorphisms at albumin and alcohol dehydrogenase loci.

A rapid screening procedure for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) is reported. DNA from ten individuals is pooled and compared to DNA isolated from a cell line containing a single chromosome 4. This single chromosome-containing line is an obligate hemizygote for chromosome 4 RFLPs so that only one band corresponding to a single allele will appear on a Southern blot. In the pooled DNA sample lane bands corresponding to both alleles will be seen. The technique allows for efficient detection of RFLPs with easier use of large numbers of enzymes. It provides estimates of allele frequencies and disequilibrium. New RFLPs for albumin and alcohol dehydrogenase detected with this technique are described.

Albumins↗