BACKGROUND: The temporoparietal fascial flap has proven to be a versatile flap for a broad spectrum of reconstructive problems in the head and neck. The temporoparietal fascial flap is a thin, pliable layer of richly vascularized tissue that may be transferred either pedicled or free and alone or as a carrier of subjacent bone or overlying skin and scalp. OBJECTIVE: To report our experience using a hair-bearing temporoparietal fascial flap for reconstruction in 6 male patients with extensive upper lip and scalp defects, including a discussion of the surgical anatomy and technique. METHODS: Temporoparietal fascial flaps with overlying scalp were used as pedicled and free flaps for the reconstruction of upper lip and scalp defects. RESULTS: All reconstructive results were satisfactory. Oral competence, measured by both speech and mastication performance, was achieved in patients with upper lip defects. Healthy scalp coverage was obtained in patients with local defects. The cosmetic appearance was satisfactory to all patients. CONCLUSIONS: Ideal reconstruction of large upper lip and scalp defects is achieved with local tissue that best mimics the normal face color, texture, and hair-bearing qualities. Hair-bearing temporoparietal fascial flaps possess these characteristics and are an excellent choice for the restoration of function and aesthetics.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Developmental toxicity assessment of the new fluoroquinolone antibacterial DW-116 in rabbits.

DW-116 is a newly developed fluoroquinolone antibacterial with a broad spectrum against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. We have reported recently that DW-116 is embryotoxic and teratogenic in rats. The present study was conducted to investigate the teratogenicity of DW-116, together with maternal toxicity and developmental toxicity using New Zealand White rabbits. The test chemical was administered by gavage to pregnant rabbits from gestational day (GD) 6 through to GD 18 at dose levels of 0, 5, 19.5 and 76.1 mg kg(-1) day(-1). All does were subjected to caesarean section on day 28 of gestation and their foetuses were examined for external, visceral and skeletal abnormalities. In the 76.1 mg kg(-1) group, a minimal maternal toxicity, as evidenced by decreased body weight gain during treatment period, was observed in pregnant rabbits. Significant embryo-foetal toxicity, including increased number of foetal deaths and delayed foetal ossification, was seen. However, no treatment-related morphological changes were detected in foetal external, visceral and skeletal examinations. There were no adverse effects on either pregnant dams or embryo-foetal development at 19.5 and 5 mg kg(-1). It was concluded that administration of DW-116 during the major organogenetic period in rabbits produced decreased maternal body weight gain, increased number of foetal deaths and foetal developmental delay but no evidence of teratogenicity. The no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAELs) of DW-116 are considered to be 19.5 mg kg(-1) day(-1) for does and embryo-foetuses, respectively.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Fast T2-weighted liver MR imaging: comparison among breath-hold turbo-spin-echo, HASTE, and inversion recovery (IR) HASTE sequences.

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of fast T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging sequences on image quality, hepatic lesion detection, and lesion conspicuity. METHODS: Three breath-hold, fast T2-weighted sequences with turbo-spin-echo (TSE), half-Fourier acquisition single-shot TSE (HASTE), and inversion recovery (IR) HASTE techniques were examined for 43 lesions in 20 consecutive patients. Evaluation was performed qualitatively on image quality and lesion detectability and quantitatively on lesion conspicuity by using lesion/liver signal-intensity and contrast-to-noise ratios. RESULTS: Artifacts were significantly less present on the HASTE sequence (p < 0.01). Both TSE and HASTE sequences detected 39 lesions (91% each); the IR HASTE sequence detected 37 (86%). IR HASTE sequence showed a significantly higher signal-intensity ratio than did the others (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Breath-hold TSE versus breath-hold HASTE or IR HASTE is still the most robust sequence in lesion detection, image quality, and lesion conspicuity. However, the HASTE sequence offers good lesion detection and image quality, and the IR HASTE has a better signal-intensity ratio.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Teratogenic effects of DA-125, a new anthracycline anticancer agent, in rats.

DA-125 is a new anthracycline antitumor antibiotic derived from adriamycin. Preclinical studies suggest that it may have greater activity and less cardiac toxicity than adriamycin. The potential of DA-125 to induce embryotoxicity was investigated in the Sprague-Dawley rat. One hundred twenty mated SD rats (sperm in vaginal lavage = day 0) were distributed among three treated groups and a control group. DA-125 was given at dose levels of 0, 0.1, 0.3, and 1.0 mg/kg/day administered intravenously to pregnant rats from days 7 to 17 of gestation. All dams were subjected to caesarean section on day 20 of gestation. At 1 mg/kg/day, reduced food intake, reduced body weight, and decreased spleen weight were observed in dams. An increase in the resorption rate and a reduction in the fetal weight were also found. In addition, various types of external, visceral, and skeletal malformations occurred at an incidence of 11.9, 41.8, and 14.5%, respectively. Characteristic malformations included exencephaly, gastroschisis, cleft lip, dilatation of lateral and third ventricles, and fused ribs, among others. There were no signs of maternal toxicity or embryotoxicity at 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg. The results show that DA-125 is teratogenic at a minimally maternally toxic dose in rats.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The efficacy and safety of mizoribine in living donor kidney transplantation: a 24-week, open-label, prospective study (phase III clinical trial).

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Azathioprine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Embryotoxic effects of SKI 2053R, a new potential anticancer agent, in rats.

SKI 2053R, cis-malonato[(4R,5R)-4,5-bis(aminomethyl)-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolan e] platinum(II), is a newly developed antitumor platinum complex derived from cisplatin. Preclinical studies suggest that it may have greater antitumor activity and lower toxicity than cisplatin. The potential of SKI 2053R to induce embryotoxicity was investigated in the Sprague-Dawley rat. One hundred mated rats (sperm in vaginal lavage = Day 0) were distributed among three treated groups and a control group. SKI 2053R was administered intravenously to pregnant rats from Days 6 to 16 of gestation at dose levels of 0, 0.75, 1.5, and 3.0 mg/kg/d. All dams were subjected to caesarean section on Day 20 of gestation. At 3 mg/kg, reduced food intake, reduced body weight, and decreased liver weight were observed in dams. An increase in the resorption rate and a reduction in the fetal weight were also found. In addition, various types of visceral and skeletal malformations occurred at an incidence of 18.5 and 6.0%, respectively. Characteristic malformations included dilated cerebral ventricle, anophthalmia, microphthalmia, fused or absent cervical arch, fused thoracic arch, fused thoracic centrum, and fused rib, among others. Delayed ossification of both sternebrae and metatarsals was also observed. There were no signs of maternal toxicity or embryotoxicity at 0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg. The results show that SKI 2053R is embryotoxic at a minimally maternally toxic dose in rats.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Testicular cytotoxicity of DA-125, a new anthracycline anticancer agent, in rats.

To assess the testicular cytotoxicity induced by DA-125, a new anthracycline anticancer agent, 50 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned to five groups, with 10 rats in each group, and were given different single intravenous doses of DA-125 at dose levels of 0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg body weight. On Day 56 after treatment, all male rats were killed and necropsied. Parameters of testicular cytotoxicity included genital organ weights, testicular sperm head counts, epididymal sperm motility and morphology, repopulation index, epididymal index, and histopathologic examinations. At 25 and 50 mg/kg, the weights of testes, epididymides, and seminal vesicles were reduced dose-dependently, but prostate weight was not different among the groups. At 50 mg/kg, the number of testicular sperm heads was decreased. However, the motility and morphology of epididymal sperm were comparable to the control values. On histopathologic examination, atrophy of seminiferous tubules, loss or decrease of germ cells, formation of multinucleated giant cells, and/or vacuolization of Sertoli cells in the testis were observed at 25 and 50 mg/kg. In addition, decreased sperm content and increased degenerative germ cells in the ductus epididymis were also found. Some recovery of spermatogenesis was observed at 25 mg/kg, whereas a decline in the repopulation index was observed at 50 mg/kg, indicating that the surviving stem cells had become unable to produce differentiated germ cells to enter the spermatogenic pathway. There was no evidences of testicular cytotoxicity at 6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg. These results indicate that administration of a single dose of DA-12.5 (25 to 50 mg/kg) results in testicular damage in male Sprague-Dawley rats.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

MR findings of struma ovarii.

This study was performed to characterize MR findings of struma ovarii. In 10 patients, T1- and fast spin echo T2-weighted MR images were obtained in the axial, coronal, and sagittal planes using 1.5 T MR units, and they were retrospectively evaluated for the site, size, components, signal intensity, and contrast enhancement.MR images showed a unilateral complex mass with a multilobulated surface and thickened septa, corresponding pathologically to thyroid follicles and the stroma. Cystic portions had variable signal intensities on T1- and T2-weighted images. The contents of cystic components showing low signal intensities both on T1- and T2-weighted images were viscid gelatinous materials (n=4). Solid portions were relatively well-enhanced. In conclusion, struma ovarii has some characteristic MR appearance of a multilobulated complex mass with thickened septa, multiple cysts of variable signal intensities, and enhancing solid components.

Adult↗