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Biomedical subjects

J C Henry

Publications and source records attributed to J C Henry.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Extracapsular cataract extraction with posterior chamber lens implantation in patients with glaucoma.

Forty-six patients with medically controlled open angle glaucoma were scheduled to undergo extracapsular cataract extraction with implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. Surgery was performed in 43 eyes; three eyes had an intraoperative complication that prevented a posterior chamber lens implantation. The mean preoperative intraocular pressure was 17.6 mm Hg with the patients receiving a mean of 1.9 medications. The mean intraocular pressure (16.2 mm Hg) and the number of medications (1.4) administered to the 43 eyes having the planned surgery were significantly decreased an average of 23.4 months following cataract surgery. Seventy-two percent of the eyes had a postoperative visual acuity of 20/40 or better. Operative complications were similar to those reported for the same type of cataract surgery in nonglaucomatous eyes. However, there seemed to be an increased incidence of postoperative cystoid maculopathy (11.6%) in these glaucomatous eyes compared with previous reports in the literature and with the incidence in nonglaucomatous eyes that we treated. Our study shows that extracapsular cataract extraction with a posterior chamber lens can be effective in restoring vision without compromising intraocular pressure control in eyes with preexisting open angle glaucoma.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Bile lipid secretion in isolated perfused rat liver. A model for metabolic studies.

Isolated perfused rat liver was used to study the effects of constant taurocholate perfusion, with or without the addition of phosphatidylcholine unilamellar vesicles, upon both the bile salt-dependent and bile salt-independent secretion of bile. Taurocholate introduction increased bile flow and normalized the bile lipid secretion by restoring the bile salt-dependent secretion. At a flow rate of 30 ml/min, the liver was perfused by a single-pass method. The perfusion medium contained 17.5 microM taurocholate with or without 5.83 microM phosphatidylcholine. In light of a recent quantitative dynamic concept on the interphase partition of lipids, it was calculated that more than 99% of the taurocholate reaches the liver as monomers and/or dimers. It was also deduced that the lipids were secreted in bile as small discoidal lipoprotein structures rather than unilamellar lipoproteic vesicles. During the course of the experiments (2 hr), the excellent criteria of viability of this model make it highly suitable for the investigation of hepatic metabolism. Furthermore, the addition of phosphatidylcholine unilamellar vesicles to the perfusate constitutes a potential vector for various liposoluble molecular species.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

14C-labeled arachidonic acid bioconversion in guinea pig placenta during the last third of gestation.

In the present study we investigated the arachidonic acid metabolism in guinea pig placenta during the last third of gestation. Homogenates were incubated with 14C-labeled substrate, and eicosanoid formation was determined using rp HPLC. Arachidonic acid was substantially converted to cyclooxygenase products i.e 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, TxB2, PGF2 alpha, PGE2, PGD2 and 12-HHT. Lipoxygenase activity was also found but of a much lower degree and represented by the mono-hydroxy acids 12-HETE and 15-HETE. The total conversion of arachidonic acid exhibited a progressive rise from day 50 to term, due principally to the increasing part of TxB2, PGE2 and 12-HHT throughout this gestational period and in addition, near term, of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGF2 alpha. These results suggest that there is an increasing concentration and/or activity of cyclooxygenase system enzymes with placental development in guinea pig, which may contribute to the augmented intrauterine availability of prostanoids near parturition. Additional experiments were performed to compare the metabolism of exogenously added 14C-arachidonic acid and endogenously present 12C-arachidonic acid during placental homogenate incubation by means of isotope dilution GC-MS. Although the 14C- and 12C-prostanoid patterns were comparable, the 14C/12C ratios of the prostanoids formed during incubation were significantly different. These data indicate that exogenous arachidonic acid and endogenous arachidonic acid in placental homogenate do not follow up exactly the same metabolic pathway so that the assumption of biochemical identity between exogenous radio-tracer and studied endogenous substrate is not quite true.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Esophageal mucosal prostaglandin E2 levels in health and in gastroesophageal reflux disease.

In vivo prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were measured in esophageal mucosa excised from 9 normal subjects, 11 patients with gastroesophageal reflux without esophagitis (GER) and 8 patients with reflux esophagitis (RE). Severity of GER was quantified by postcibal pH monitoring. A manometric study was also performed. No difference was found in PGE2 levels between healthy mucosa in controls (41.7 +/- 9.3 ng/g of wet tissue, at 15 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)) and healthy mucosa in GER (37.8 +/- 11.2 ng/g) or in RE (34.3 +/- 9.0 ng/l). However, PGE2 levels were significantly enhanced within the inflammatory mucosa in RE (290.4 +/- 45.7 ng/g). No difference was found in basal LES pressure between the 3 groups. These results suggest that PGE2 in the esophagus may be involved in pathogenesis of inflammation. Therefore PGE2 might not have the same cytoprotective function as in stomach or duodenum. No correlation was found between PGE2 levels in the esophagitis lesion or basal LES pressure. These data are not consistent with a possible relationship between LES pressure and the PGE2 content of the distal esophagus.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Long-term follow-up of pseudoexfoliation and the development of elevated intraocular pressure.

A retrospective study was performed to determine the long-term course of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) as it relates to both the development of elevated intraocular pressure and to the initial appearance of exfoliation material in normal fellow eyes of patients with PEX. Six hundred eighty patients seen from 1940 through 1980 were diagnosed as having PEX. Patients were excluded from long-term study if there was a diagnosis of glaucoma prior to examination at our institution (199 patients), if glaucoma was present at the time of diagnosis of PEX (40 patients), if there was a history of prior intraocular surgery or disease (19 patients), or if there was only one ocular examination performed (75 patients). The remaining 347 patients with initially normal intraocular pressures were followed over time and consisted of 225 patients with unilateral PEX and 122 patients with bilateral PEX (a total of 469 PEX eyes). Life table (actuarial) analysis was used for data evaluation. During the course of the study, 32 (14%) of the unilateral cases of PEX became bilateral. The cumulative probability of a normal fellow eye developing PEX increased over time, with a 6.8% cumulative probability in 5 years and a 16.8% cumulative probability in 10 years. Elevated intraocular pressure developed in 35 patients (44 eyes) during the study. The cumulative probability for eyes with PEX to develop elevated intraocular pressure was 5.3% in 5 years and increased to 15.4% in 10 years. These probabilities predict that patients with PEX have a higher incidence of developing elevated intraocular pressure than would be expected in patients without PEX of similar age.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1986

The use of tritiated prostaglandins in metabolism studies. I: Evaluation of the kinetic isotope effect in the prostaglandin dehydrogenase reactions.

Although numerous data exist concerning tritium kinetic isotope effect in enzymic reactions, little is related to the metabolism of tritiated prostaglandins. The present study reports an evaluation of the kinetic isotope effect which occurs during the oxidation of 15-hydroxyl group of tritium-labeled prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha by the 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase and during the oxidation of 9-hydroxyl group of tritium-labeled prostaglandin F2 alpha by the 9-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. The large kinetic isotope effect tends to limit the validity of the dehydrogenase assay using tritium-labeled prostaglandins as substrate. However these assays can be considered to be an indication of relative enzyme activity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

The use of tritiated prostaglandins in metabolism studies. II: Kinetic isotope effect: an useful tool to investigate catabolizing sequence of prostaglandins.

It is well established that prostaglandin catabolism involves sequential actions of a 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase, a 15-keto-prostaglandin delta 13-reductase and a 15-ketoprostaglandin reductase. This pathway must be confirmed in never investigated tissues before any enzyme assay is carried out. We have developed a new, simple, rapid and reliable method to investigate catabolizing sequence of prostaglandins based on the tritium kinetic isotope effect which occurs during the oxidation of the 15-hydroxyl group of the prostaglandin into a 15-keto group.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Placental biosynthesis and metabolism of prostanoids: special reference to guinea-pig during the last third of gestation.

Prostanoids are thought to take a prominent part in gestation and parturition physiology. Experiments were designed to determine the chronological alterations in placental synthesis and metabolism of prostanoids during the third trimester of gestation in the guinea-pig. Placental obtained at days 50, 55, 60, at term and after delivery were assayed (RIA and/or GC/MS) for PGE2, PGF2 alpha and TxB2 before (in vivo levels) or after 1 hour incubation (in vitro levels) for PGE2, PGF2 alpha, PGD2, TxB2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha and PGF1 alpha. In addition, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha metabolism was measured by radiochromatography assay. No differences with gestational age were found in PGE2 and TxB2 in vivo levels but PGF2 alpha showed a slight increase around day 60. In contrast, in vitro levels of PGF2 alpha, TxB2 and PGE2 (in decreasing order of production) exhibited a marked increase from day 50 to delivery, whereas the other prostanoids showed no changes. Moreover, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha metabolism by the 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase was found to decrease during the same gestational period. These results are consistent with the idea that placenta in guinea-pig may be an important source of endogenous prostanoids and may contribute to the augmented intrauterine availability of prostanoids near parturition. The implications of these findings in relation to the mechanisms controlling synthesis and metabolism of prostanoids are discussed.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1986

[Prostanoids of the peritoneal fluid and sterility with or without pelvic lesions (endometriosis, postinfectious adhesions)].

Peritoneal fluid levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, TxB2, PGE2 and PGF2 alpha were measured in 62 infertile women undergoing coelioscopy. In 10 patients with mild endometriosis, the levels of all prostanoids were significantly enhanced as compared to control group (15 infertile patients without pelvic lesion). In 5 patients with moderate endometriosis, only PGF2 alpha exhibited a significant enhancement. The results confirmed the prostanoid component alteration of peritoneal fluid in infertile women with mild or moderate endometriosis, which however not has been found by all authors. In 6 patients with chronic salpingitis, no difference was found in prostanoid levels as compared to control group. The 26 patients with pelvic adhesions were distributed in 3 groups on the criterion of easy lysed or not adhesions. In group I (not lysed adhesions, 7 patients), no difference was found in prostanoid levels as compared to control group. In group II (mixed adhesions, 13 patients), the levels of all prostanoids, particularly 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, were significantly higher than that found in control group. In group III (easy lysed adhesions, 6 patients), the levels of 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, TxB2 and particularly PGF2 alpha were significantly enhanced as compared to control group. The results of this study suggest that prostanoids are implicated in physiopathology of endometriosis and pelvic adhesions and perhaps in mechanism of the associated infertility.

6-Ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha↗
PubMed1986

[An early and specific indicator of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity: isoenzyme B of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG)].

88 patients (aged 55-96 years) with severe infections were treated during ten days with one of four different aminoglycosides: gentamicin, dibekacin, netilmicin (3 mg/kg/day) or amikacin (15 mg/kg/day). Creatinine clearance and urinary N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) activity were measured daily. In addition, NAG isoenzyme patterns were determined on the day of maximal urinary NAG excretion. Aminoglycoside-induced acute renal failure was more prevalent in the gentamicin group (42.8%) than in the dibekacin, netilmicin or amikacin groups (42.8%, 5.5% and 0% respectively). No relationship was found between total urinary NAG activity and nephrotoxic risk. Conversely, significantly elevated levels (p less than 0.001) of B isoenzyme were detected in the gentamicin group, whereas the highest A and I isoenzyme levels were found in the dibekacin and netilmicin groups. These results suggest that functional enzymuria with preferential urinary excretion of A and I isoenzymes should be distinguished from lesional enzymuria with preferential urinary excretion of the B isoenzyme. According to our data, the NAG-B isoenzyme may possibly be a specific marker of aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1985

[HDL cholesterol and physical training: comparative study of a group of sedentary with a group of athletic young subjects].

Many recent studies have clearly established the anti-atherogenic effect of serum HDL cholesterol. Serum HDL cholesterol was quantified in sedentary young people (less than two weekly hours of moderate physical exercise) and in active young people (average five weekly hours of intense physical exercise). A statistical comparative study indicates that this physical training difference goes with significantly higher HDL cholesterolemia in active young people.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) isoenzyme profiles: a tool for evaluating nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides and cephalosporins.

The study of urinary NAG isoenzymes in different nephrotoxic states shows that each antibiotic is characterised by a specific isoenzyme profile which probably reflects the very nature of its toxic mechanism. Those aminoglycosides which are responsible for important elimination of B- and I-forms would directly induce the synthesis of these isoenzymes in the endoplasmic reticulum. Cephalosporins, which are less nephrotoxic, present profiles which are closer to those obtained for normal urine. A combination aminoglycoside plus cephalosporin, though globally more nephrotoxic than aminoglycosides alone, is characterised by relatively poorer profiles of B- and I-forms. This could be linked to the reciprocal interaction of one antibiotic with the toxic mechanisms of the other.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1984

Behçet's syndrome: immune regulation, circulating immune complexes, neutrophil migration, and colchicine therapy.

Immune regulatory dysfunction, circulating immune complexes (CIC), and polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell migration were investigated in patients with Behçet's syndrome. Six patients meeting rigorous clinical criteria were evaluated. Only one patient showed evidence of immune regulatory dysfunction (increased T4/T8 ratio). Although C1q binding and Raji cell assays for CIC yielded positive results in only one of five patients, all five patients had in vivo "histamine trap test" evidence of CIC (all controls had normal results). Sera from all Behçet's syndrome patients increased migration of neutrophils to zymosan-activated serum. Colchicine therapy abolished the enhancing effect of the patient's sera on movement of PMN cells from patients and controls. An immune complex-mediated injury that is followed by an excessive accumulation of PMN cells may lead to the cutaneous lesions and other lesions in Behçet's syndrome. Further evaluation of colchicine therapy is warranted on the basis of these studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The cotton swab technic for the culture of dermatophyte infections--its efficacy and merit.

A set of three comparison studies under varying conditions was performed to determine the efficacy of a cotton swab technic for obtaining material for culture of dermatophyte infections. Matched fungal cultures, one by swab and one by scrape, on each of 110 subjects showed that there was no difference in the two methods. The merits of this culture technic are explored and the conclusion is drawn that the cotton swab is an efficient and reliable adjunct to the practice of dermatology.

Arthrodermataceae↗
PubMed1984

[Nephrotoxicity of aminoglycosides and cephalosporins. Value of examining the isoenzyme profile of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase].

It is a well known fact that aminoglycosides increase urinary action of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) but the significance of this fact remains, as yet, nuclear. The aim of this study is firstly to attempt to form an explanation of the enzymatic effects of aminoglycosides by studying the excretion of A, B, I isoenzymes and by calculating the ratio A/B + I during gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin therapy and secondly, by using this method, to try to propose a marker for evaluating nephrotoxicity. Our results indicate that all three antibiotics induce an increase in the excretion of the A-form, which is present freely in the lysosomes and in physiological urines, but that only gentamicin and tobramycin bring about an increase in the B-form associated with the lysosomal membrane. Since excretion of the B-form is associated with renal failure, it can be proposed as a good marker for evaluating nephrotoxicity. These observations allow us to advance the hypothesis that aminoglycosides determine an enzymatic inducing effect on the NAG synthesis with urinary excretion of the A-form by exocytosis whilst the excretion of the B-form, associated with the lysosomal membrane, would result from a rupture of this membrane. This lesion would bring about an excretion of toxic aminoside into the cytoplasm, causing damage to the mitochondrial apparatus. On the other hand isoenzymatic profiles, observed during cephalosporin treatment suggest a process of cellular necrosis.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1984

[Placental fatty acids in the guinea pig during pregnancy].

Prostaglandins are involved in different stages of reproduction. In respect to the placental metabolism of prostaglandins in the Guinea pig, we have studied the composition of Guinea pig placenta in free and total fatty acids. The arachidonic and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acids, precursors of prostaglandins of series 2 and 1, and the linoleic acid were quantified at different gestational ages using a gas-chromatography capillary column technique. Only the linoleic acid shows a significant increase at the end of gestation.

8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid↗