Ophthalmology quiz #7. Glaucomatous cupping of optic nerves.
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Biomedical subjects
Publications and source records attributed to J C Hagan.
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Cortex removal, especially at the 12 o'clock position, is more difficult with small incision phacoemulsification than with planned extracapsular cataract extraction. In this study an irrigation/aspiration handpiece with changeable tips was used for cortex removal in a large, unselected, consecutive series of small incision phacoemulsification procedures. The instrument provided a safe, effective, and economical method of cortex removal.
Phacoemulsification is an increasingly popular method of performing cataract surgery. The procedure remains controversial. Opponents of phacoemulsification maintain the procedure has an unacceptably high complication rate during transition to the technique. This prospective study found that the many advantages of phacoemulsification were safely introduced into a moderate sized community practice. The surgical complication rate was very low and visual acuity statistics excellent.
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A new cannula for aspiration of 12 o'clock cortex through a corneal sideport incision is now commercially available. The primary difference between this cannula and previously available ones is that the hub has a male adaptor, allowing direct connection to an automated irrigation/aspiration device.
Endocapsular hematoma, to our knowledge, is a previously unreported type of postoperative hemorrhage. In this condition, blood collects in the narrow space between the anterior surface of the posterior capsule and the posterior optic surface of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. Endocapsular hematoma differs from anterior chamber hyphema in several ways: the location of the blood is in the endocapsular space, a small amount of endocapsular blood can cause visually disabling symptoms, the blood in the endocapsular space often fails to reabsorb, and neodymium-YAG laser capsulotomy can be used to drain the endocapsular blood into the vitreous cavity. We present six cases of endocapsular hematoma. Neodymium-YAG laser capsulotomy was successfully used to drain the endocapsular hematoma in three of these cases.
Clinical problems with acetylcholine are unusual. The author's experience in the following case suggests that the mechanism of the observed side effects may be something other than drug idiosyncrasy, and stresses the importance of reporting side effects of medications.