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Biomedical subjects

J C Cooper

Publications and source records attributed to J C Cooper.

At least 73 records · Page 4Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The influence of microscopic disease at the margin of resection on recurrence rates in Crohn's disease.

One hundred and forty-two patients with Crohn's disease, undergoing 154 resections and reanastomoses, were reviewed to evaluate the influence of residual microscopic Crohn's disease at the margin of resection on recurrence. Sixty-three cases had microscopic evidence of disease at the resection margin (group I), and 91 cases had disease-free margins (group II). Of the survivors 125 patients undergoing 136 operations were reviewed. Median follow-up was 6.0 years (range 0.25-16 years) in group I, and 5.5 years (range 0.25-14.5 years) in group II. Twenty-two of 57 cases (38%) in group I developed recurrence compared with 23 of 79 cases (29%) in group II (P-NS). Cumulative recurrence rates at 10 years were 66.5% and 58% respectively (P-NS). The results support the increasing evidence that the presence of microscopic disease at the resection margin does not adversely affect recurrence in Crohn's disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

The role of peptidases in cancer of the rectum and sigmoid colon.

Increased levels of peptidases are found in some human carcinomas and may be related to invasive potential. We therefore measured the activity of four peptidases in 50 specimens of tumour and normal colonic wall from patients with a rectal or sigmoid carcinoma, and correlated this with the stage, differentiation, fixity of the tumour and presence of venous invasion, determined histologically. Since acute phase reactant proteins (APRP) may inhibit these proteolytic enzymes we have also measured serum levels of two relevant APRPs, alpha 1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) pre-operatively. Activity of cathepsin B, cathepsin H and collagenase-like peptidase (CLP) was determined fluorimetrically and collagenase photometrically. Significantly elevated activity of cathepsin B, CLP and collagenase was found in tumour compared with normal colonic wall (median values: (nmol (mg protein)-1 min-1) Cat B 0.71 and 0.42 (P less than 0.001), CLP 25.24 and 12.25 (P less than 0.0001) and collagenase 0.49 and 0.31 (P less than 0.001). There was no correlation between the activity of these enzymes expressed as a ratio of tumour/colonic wall, and differentiation or Dukes' stage of the tumour. However, there was significant elevation of activity of cathepsin B in tumours with local spread (n = 13) compared with those with no spread (n = 37) (median values 2.76 and 1.36 respectively (P less than 0.001] and also in tumour with venous invasion (n = 24) compared with tumours without (n = 26) (median values 1.82 and 1.18 respectively (P less than 0.01]. Pre-operative serum levels of CRP were inversely correlated with the activity of CLP and cathepsin H and collagenase in the tumours (rs = 0.332, 0.359 (P less than 0.05) and 0.302 (P = 0.05) respectively). Thus certain peptidases are raised in rectal and sigmoid tumours. Activity of cathepsin B appears related to local tumour invasion. APRP may have a role in inhibiting the activity of these enzymes. These findings may have therapeutic implications.

C-Reactive Protein↗
PubMed1985

Radical radiation therapy with 5-fluorouracil infusion and mitomycin C for oesophageal squamous carcinoma.

Thirty-five patients with clinically staged non-metastatic squamous carcinoma of the oesophagus were treated with radiation combined with mitomycin C, and 5-fluorouracil (5-FUra) infusion. Twenty patients were planned for a split course regimen 2250-2500 cGy in 10 fractions and chemotherapy. This dose of radiation to be repeated with another course of chemotherapy after 4 weeks rest. Fifteen patients were planned for a single course 4500-5000 cGy in 20 fractions and a single course of chemotherapy. Thirty-one patients are available for a minimum follow-up of one year, 26 patients for a minimum follow-up of 2 years. All 35 patients are included in the survival and local relapse-free analysis. Survival at one year is 47% and at 2 years 28%. The local relapse-free rate at both one and 2 years is 48%. There was an improvement in survival and local relapse-free rate for the single course regimen compared to the split course; 2 years survival 48% versus 12% (p = 0.24) local relapse-free rate 79% versus 27% (p = 0.07). All patients receiving radiation and chemotherapy were compared with historical controls treated by radiation alone. This matching procedure was done independent of knowledge of outcome (two controls were matched/case). Patients were matched for age, sex. TNM stage, and total radiation dose. There was a significant difference in survival p = 0.004 and local relapse-free rate p = 0.05 for patients receiving radiation and chemotherapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Use of a long acting somatostatin analogue in controlling life threatening ileostomy diarrhoea.

A woman presented with persistent ileostomy diarrhoea unresponsive to conventional drug treatment and necessitating parenteral nutrition. Output was four to six litres of watery fluid per 24 hours while she was receiving oral nutrition and two to three litres when she was starved. Treatment with a long acting analogue of somatostatin (50 micrograms subcutaneously every 12 hours) reduced the ileostomy output to 2.0-2.5 litres/24 hours with an oral diet and the effluent became semiformed. Parenteral fluids could be stopped. Somatostatin may have a role in the treatment of secretory diarrhoea, but prospective controlled trials are necessary.

Diarrhea↗
PubMed1983

Genital oedema in patients treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis: an unusual presentation of inguinal hernia.

Four patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis presented with scrotal or labial oedema but no detectable cough impulse. Two of the patients later developed clinical evidence of inguinal hernia, and in the other two inguinal hernias were found at operation. These cases suggest that genital oedema occurring in a patient receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is a sign of a small inguinal hernia which may not be detectable clinically.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Eustachian tube function. Children with otitis media.

The relationship between middle ear disease and eustachian tube function was studied in 24 children with persistent otitis media with effusion and with pressure-equalization tubes in place using the pressure system of an impedance bridge. Five measurements of function were correlated with a child's age and six indexes of disease. The highest multiple correlation squared accounted for only 27% of the variability in results, indicating that knowledge of tubal function by this technique has little useful correlation with other indicators of disease.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Variability of air calorics vs water. Statistical implications.

The increasing use of air as a medium for inducing caloric nystagmus has produced a wide variety of comment, much of which may be ignored by opponents or proponents of air. What cannot be ignored by the latter is the report of increased response variability with air irrigation. The effect of increased single-measure variability on the variability of the resultant measures of unilateral weakness (UW) was explored by (1) development of a theoretical equation for the variance of UW and (2) examination of results from normal and clinical subjects. The theoretical equation indicates that variability is a function of both mean responses and the correlation between responses from opposite sides, as well as the variability of single measures. Increases in single-measure variability are attenuated by the formula to a degree such that clinically important increases in the variability of measures of UW are unlikely. This conclusion was supported by results from 22 normal and 12 clinical subjects and reexamination of previous reports.

Air↗
PubMed1978

Pregnancy in adolescents: helping the patient and her family.

Dealing with the complex problem of pregnancy in adolescence may involve working with many people. If the physician approaches the patient with an attitude of acceptance and understanding, the adolescent girl may be helped to make realistic decisions concerning her pregnancy and to adjust in a healthy manner. If she does not receive such assistance, pregnancy may be a misunderstood event that leads to further negative psychologic sequelae.

Abortion, Legal↗
PubMed1977

The significance of negative middle ear pressure.

An increasing body of experience is defining the value of the impedance bridge for the detection and diagnosis of otologic disorders. In this study the audiometric status of 1,133 ears is correlated with the tympanometric configuration and middle ear pressure. It is noted that the air-bone gap systematically increases as the middle ear pressure decreases from 0 to -400 mm Ho. Mildly negative middle ear pressure (Jerger's Type A Tympanogram) produces air-bone gaps statistically greater than at atmospheric pressure. These data demonstrate the magnitude of the adverse effect of negative middle ear pressure upon middle ear auditory function.

Audiometry↗
PubMed1976

Imprinting to chemical cues: the basis for home stream selection in salmon.

Juvenile coho salmon were exposed to morpholine or phenethyl alcohol (p-alcohol) for 1 1/2 months and then released in Lake Michigan. During the spawning migration 18 months later, morpholine and p-alcohol were metered into separate streams, and the number of morpholine- and p-alcohol-exposed fish returning to each stream was determined. Seventeen other locations were also monitored. The majority of the fish exposed to morpholine were captured in the stream scented with morpholine and most fish exposed to p-alcohol were captured at the p-alcohol-treated stream. This field study demonstrates that coho salmon imprint to and utilize chemical cues for homing.

Animals↗