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Biomedical subjects

J C Christenson

Publications and source records attributed to J C Christenson.

12 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Tsukamurella paurometabolum: a novel pathogen causing catheter-related bacteremia in patients with cancer.

Tsukamurella paurometabolum is a weakly acid-fast, pleomorphic gram-positive bacterium found in soil. Human infection due to this organism has rarely been described, and there are no published accounts of bacteremia. Three cases of bacteremia due to T. paurometabolum and related to long-term use of a central venous catheter in patients with cancer who were receiving chemotherapy are described.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1991

Comparative efficacy and safety of cefprozil and cefaclor in the treatment of acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

Cefprozil is a new oral semi-synthetic cephalosporin with broad antibacterial spectrum and prolonged serum elimination half-life. In vitro, cefprozil demonstrates excellent activity against common urinary tract pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Cefprozil, 500 mg once a day, was compared to cefaclor, 250 mg three times a day, in an open, randomized, comparative, clinical trial for the treatment of acute, uncomplicated, urinary tract infection. One hundred and two adult patients were eligible for safety evaluation; four patients were excluded due to side-effects (abdominal discomfort, nausea and vomiting). Ninety-eight patients were eligible for evaluation of efficacy. Clinical and bacteriological responses were comparable for both antibiotics. Leucopenia, nausea, and vaginal yeast infections were slightly more common in the cefprozil group. Cefprozil, 500 mg once daily, appears to be an appropriate alternative for the treatment of acute, uncomplicated urinary tract infections.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Comparative efficacy and safety of cefprozil (BMY-28100) and cefaclor in the treatment of acute group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis.

Cefprozil (BMY-28100) is a semisynthetic cephalosporin with broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and prolonged serum elimination half-life allowing for once-a-day oral administration. In vitro, cefprozil demonstrates excellent activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. Cefprozil (500 mg once daily) was compared to cefaclor (250 mg three times daily) in an open, randomized, comparative trial for the treatment of acute group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis. Ninety-four patients were enrolled in this study; 53 patients were evaluable for clinical and bacteriological response assessment. Seventy-eight patients were evaluable for safety assessment. Three patients (all in the cefprozil treatment group) required disenrollment because of side effects, mainly nausea. Clinical and bacteriological responses were comparable for both study drugs. Leukopenia and nausea, the most common side effects observed, were more common in the cefprozil-treated group. Cefprozil appears to be an appropriate alternative to cefaclor for the treatment of acute group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis. However, because of the small number of patients eligible for efficacy assessment, a large type II (beta) error was expected in our study, which may have resulted in a potential failure to detect a difference between both treatment groups. A larger study would be required to determine the proper role of cefprozil in the treatment of group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Recovery of Pseudomonas gladioli from respiratory tract specimens of patients with cystic fibrosis.

Pseudomonas gladioli was isolated from 11 patients with cystic fibrosis. It resembled Pseudomonas cepacia on the selective and differential medium OFPBL, producing yellow colonies after 48 to 72 h of incubation. Isolates were characterized biochemically, by DNA hybridization, and by cellular fatty acid analysis. A review of the clinical status of selected patients colonized by P. gladioli did not reveal any apparent association of this organism with infectious complications of cystic fibrosis. Thus, the clinical implications may differ depending on which of these two closely related species is reported by laboratories. Determination of the fatty acid profile of isolates by gas chromatography may be a useful adjunct to biochemical characterization as a means of identification. In contrast to P. cepacia, most isolates of P. gladioli contained 3-OH C10:0 fatty acid under the growth conditions used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Aerosolized ribavirin treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants hospitalized during an epidemic.

Thirty-three infants with predisposing conditions and/or severely symptomatic with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection were treated with aerosolized ribavirin during a 12-week period at Oklahoma Children's Memorial Hospital. These patients were compared with 97 untreated patients with RSV infection hospitalized during the same epidemic. Despite preconditions which selected for a more seriously ill treatment group, patients who received ribavirin showed prompter resolution of the illness than did untreated controls. Greatest clinical improvement in treated patients occurred between the first and second days of ribavirin therapy; mean ribavirin treatment duration was 4.5 days. Ten of 22 ribavirin-treated patients continued to excrete RSV after conclusion of antiviral therapy. No adverse hematologic, renal or metabolic effects occurred with ribavirin therapy. Our experience with ribavirin therapy during a major epidemic confirms and extends the results of previous controlled evaluations demonstrating this treatment safe and effective in high risk and seriously ill infants with RSV bronchiolitis and bronchopneumonia.

Administration, Inhalation↗
PubMed1987

Synergistic action of amphotericin B and rifampin against Rhizopus species.

A 16-year-old diabetic patient developed Rhizopus pneumonia and was initially treated with amphotericin B for 7 days. Because of clinical deterioration of the patient, rifampin was added empirically. The patient improved clinically, and lung tissue removed surgically 8 weeks later showed no fungal elements by histopathological studies or by culture. An in vitro study of amphotericin B alone and in combination with rifampin against the isolate from the patient and 11 additional isolates of Rhizopus spp. was designed. The activity of amphotericin B in the presence of rifampin (10 or 5 micrograms/ml) increased fourfold against 9 of 10 clinical and 1 of 2 environmental isolates. Amphotericin B activity in the presence of 2 micrograms of rifampin per ml increased fourfold against 6 of 10 clinical isolates and increased twofold against an additional 3 clinical isolates. Amphotericin B in the presence of 1 microgram of rifampin per ml inhibited 9 of 10 isolates at a concentration of one-half the MIC of amphotericin B alone. These findings were confirmed by dose-response curves calculated from fungal dry weight determinations of Rhizopus spp. incubated in serial dilutions of amphotericin B combined with rifampin. These observations demonstrate in vitro, and possibly in vivo, synergy between amphotericin B and rifampin against Rhizopus spp.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Contamination of enteral nutrition systems during prolonged intermittent use.

Two related studies were done to determine the incidence of bacterial contamination in enteral delivery systems that were used for 15 and 7.5 hr, rinsed after each use, and reused daily in vitro for 7 and 5 days, respectively. In the first study, systems infusing either a premixed formula (Ensure) or a hand-mixed formula (Vivonex) did not show bacterial growth until the 4th day, 1.0-2.0 X 10 colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/ml) of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Thereafter there was sporadic growth of different organisms but never increasing growth during the 7 days of infusion. In the second study, systems with Ensure were initially contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and reused for 5 days. S. aureus was eliminated by rinsing, but E. coli persisted in the delivery system at concentrations of 10(3)-10(6) CFU/ml. We conclude that clean enteral nutrition systems can be rinsed after short-infusion periods and reused up to 7 days in vitro without significant contamination; however, once a bag has become heavily contaminated some bacteria cannot be eradicated from the system by rinsing.

Bacteria↗