A change in the subcellular distribution of noradrenaline in the rat isolated vas deferens effected by nerve stimulation.
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Animals↗
Biomedical subjects
J C Chang
Publications and source records attributed to J C Chang.
Effect of triamterene on nucleic acid synthesis.
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Animals↗
Preoperative diagnosis of angiomyolipoma of the liver.
We experienced a case of surgically proven hepatic angiomyolipoma, a rare primary benign lipomatous tumor, which was preoperatively diagnosed by defining of its characteristic histologic components and benign radiologic nature with various imaging modalities. It was the first case that full radiologic evaluation was taken and internal vascular proliferation was defined by using dynamic bolus computed tomography (CT) prior to angiography.
Angiomyolipoma↗
Sesterterpenes from a Pacific sponge, Carteriospongia flabellifera.
12,13-Didehydrofurospongin-1 and 16 beta-acetoxy-24-methyl-12,24-dioxosclaran-25-al, C21 and C26 sesterterpenes, were isolated from the sponge Carteriospongia flabellifera collected on the Great Barrier Reef, and their structures were determined by spectral analysis. The occurrence of these compounds falls into previously noted chemotaxonomic patterns.
Animals↗
Remission of pure red cell aplasia following oxymetholone therapy.
A 53-year-old male with a long-standing idiopathic pure red cell aplasia, refractory to testosterone cypionate, fluoxymesterone, and corticosteroid, was successfully treated with oxymetholone. Blood count, bone marrow, reticuloendothelial bone marrow scan, and ferrokinetic studies showed a marked increase of erythropoiesis in response to oxymetholone. The patient became hematologically normal within 12 weeks and has required no further transfusions. This observation suggests possible difference of mechanisms in the action of various androgenic drugs. It also suggests that failure of response to one androgenic agent does not necessarily mean the other androgenic agents will not be effective in cases of refractory idiopathic pure red cell aplasia.
Anemia, Aplastic↗
Evaluation of the biocompatibility of a new method for heparin coating of a cardiopulmonary bypass circuit.
The biocompatibility of the Terumo (Terumo Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) covalent heparin coating method in a cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit was evaluated in ex vivo and in vivo experiments. In the ex vivo experiment, fresh human heparinized blood primed both a miniature heparin coated circuit (HCC) and the identical noncoated circuit (NCC), and was circulated simultaneously for 2 hr (n = 6). In the in vivo experiment, 10 rabbits underwent 2 hr of CPB under systemic heparinization (ACT > 400 sec) with HCC (n = 5) and with NCC (n = 5). In the ex vivo study, thrombin/anti-thrombin III complex, thromboglobulin, platelet factor IV, granulocyte elastase, and C3a were significantly lower in the HCC than in the NCC at 60 and 120 min of circulation (p < 0.05). In the in vivo study, platelet counts (percent of value at 10 min of CPB) were significantly higher in the HCC than NCC (HCC:NCC 87 +/- 10:71 +/- 12 at 60 min, 81 +/- 17:56 +/- 16 at 120 min). Scanning electron microscopic examination of the circuits showed less significant adhesion and pseudopod formation of platelets in the HCC than NCC in both ex vivo and in vivo situations. These results demonstrate that this heparin coated CPB circuit provides superior biocompatibility compared with a noncoated circuit by reducing the activation of the coagulation cascade, platelets, leukocytes, and complement.
Animals↗
Nitric oxide gas infusion to the oxygenator enhances the biocompatibility of heparin coated extracorporeal bypass circuits.
Heparin coated bypass circuits have been reported to improve the biocompatibility of extracorporeal circulation, although it is still insufficient and improvable. Nitric oxide (NO) is known to inhibit platelet activation and inflammatory reactions. In this study, the authors evaluated exogenous NO infusion in enhancing the effect of a heparin coated bypass circuit on the biocompatibility of an extracorporeal circuit, especially in view of the attenuation of the inflammatory response. A miniature closed bypass circuit, including an oxygenator (BioActive surface; Carmeda, Stockholm, Sweden) was primed with fresh human heparinized blood and perfused with a centrifugal pump. Either pure N2 gas (control group: n = 7) or NO gas (NO group [100 ppm in N2]: n = 7) was infused to the oxygenator. NO metabolites (nitrite and nitrate), platelet count, thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT), alpha2-plasmin-plasminogen inhibitor complex (PIC), beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG), platelet factor 4 (PF4), serotonin, complement 3 activation products (C3a), granulocyte elastase, and bradykinin were measured at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after starting perfusion. At every sampling point, platelet counts were significantly higher, and TAT, beta-TG, and bradykinin were lower in the NO group than in the control group. PF4, C3a, and granulocyte elastase were significantly lower in the NO group at 60, 120, and 180 min. These results suggest that NO gas infusion to the oxygenator enhances the biocompatibility of heparin coated extracorporeal circuits.
Biocompatible Materials↗
Successful experimental multiorgan transplant from non-heart-beating donors using percutaneous cardiopulmonary support.
Organ procurement from non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs) may expand donor pools. In this study, the method of reanimation of heart, lung, and kidney in NHBDs by percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (PCPS) was evaluated. Thirteen beagles were asphyxiated after being given prostacyclin analogue, verapamil, propranolol, and nafmostat mesilate intravenously. Thirty minutes after cardiac arrest, the body was reperfused by PCPS for 1 hr. PCPS priming fluid contained the four drugs above and KCl. Eight hearts immersed in University of Wisconsin (Madison, WI) solution for 24 hr were transplanted orthotopically using leukocyte depleted blood cardioplegia, five left lungs immersed in modified Collins solution were transplanted orthotopically, and five kidneys immersed in University of Wisconsin solution were transplanted heterotopically. All donor hearts arrested without ventricular fibrillation. All transplanted hearts beat spontaneously, and all animals were weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass without inotropic support. The oxygen and carbon dioxide pressure of pulmonary vein blood in the donor lung were no different from those in the recipient lung. All transplanted kidneys made urine soon after reperfusion. These data suggested that hearts, lungs, and kidneys from NHBDs pretreated with four drugs and reanimated with PCPS can be transplanted successfully and that this method may expand the donor pool.
Adenosine↗
Effects of prefeeding a prebiotic on diarrhea and colonic cell proliferation in piglets fed lactulose.
OBJECTIVES: Severe lactulose malabsorption causes osmotic diarrhea and decreased cecal cell proliferation. We tested the hypothesis that prefeeding with inulin, a prebiotic, would attenuate these effects. METHODS: Piglets aged 10 days were randomized to 3 feeding groups (n = 6 each group): Control (CON), fed sow-milk replacement formula (SMR; lactose, 60 g/L) for 14 days; a lactulose-challenged group (LAC) that was fed SMR for 7 days and then a formula containing lactose (30 g/L) and lactulose (60 g/L) for 7 days; and a group prefed SMR containing inulin (3 g/L) for 7 days and then fed the lactulose-supplemented formula (INULIN). Groups CON and INULIN were pair-fed to LAC. Then, cecal tissue was collected for histology, determination of crypt cell proliferation index, apoptosis, and Western blot determination of expression of Bax, a pro-apoptotic protein. RESULTS: The fraction of days when diarrhea was present (mean +/- SD) was greater for LAC (0.87 +/- 0.14; p = .004) than CON (0.28 +/- 0.22; INULIN: 0.52 +/- 0.44; p = .058 vs LAC). Cell proliferation index for the total crypt was less for LAC (0.12 +/- 0.04; p = .016) compared with CON (0.20 +/- 0.04; INULIN: 0.15 +/- 0.04; p = .06 vs LAC). BAX protein expression and apoptosis were similar in the 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: We observed trends consistent with the hypothesis that prefeeding inulin attenuates diarrhea and the reduction in cell proliferation caused by lactulose.
Animals↗
Sensory feedback of the gripping force of an EMG controlled forearm prosthesis.
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Artificial Limbs↗
Wolf-Hirschhorn (4p deletion) syndrome: report of one case.
Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome is an uncommon chromosomal disorder caused by loss of material from the distal aspect of the short arm of chromosome 4. Its characteristic features include profound growth retardation with psychomotor delay, severe mental deficiency, facial dysmorphia, midline defects and skeletal anomalies. We herein report a case of 4p deletion syndrome and review related literature.
Abnormalities, Multiple↗
Characterization and function of CD3+ CD4- CD8- TcR-alpha beta bearing cells infiltrating the lung during the immune response.
To analyze immunological reactivity within the lung, we have examined the cellular changes in the lung during an experimentally induced immune response. When mice, primed intraperitoneally, were challenged intratracheally (i.t.), there was an increase in the total cells recovered from the lung as well as in the percent of Thyl+ cells, L3T4+ cells, and macrophages. More interesting was the observation that 40 to 60% of the CD3+ cells infiltrating the lung were CD4- CD8- and cells of this phenotype were not found in the tracheobronchial lymph node draining the lung. About 40% of the double negative T (DNT) cells bore TcR-alpha beta, and in vitro clones of the same phenotype, established from the i.t. challenged lungs, were shown, upon ConA stimulation, to synthesize mRNA for IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IFN gamma, TNF alpha, GM-CSF, TGF beta but not of IL-1 or EGF. Functionally, the double negative T cell clones suppressed the antigen-stimulated proliferative response of TH1 clones in vitro, which suggests that they may be involved in the down-regulation of antigen-initiated inflammatory responses in vivo.
Animals↗
Experimental evaluation of a new type of heparin-bonded polyurethane.
A new type of heparin bonding method using polyurethane (H-PU) in an ionically equivalent manner was examined experimentally. In vitro testing of polyvinylchloride tubes with this coating showed that the behavior of the heparin was attributed to the activation of retained heparin on the surface. After 4 hrs of heparinless arterio-arterial bypass in a canine model with a central shear rate of 25 sec-1 (inner diameter, 0.8 x 80 cm), macroscopic and scanning electron microscopic examinations showed that the H-PU coated tube had better antithrombogenicity than that of a conventional PU coated tube (Pellethane). These results suggest that this heparin bonding method with PU appears to have good antithrombogenicity with possible long durability.
Animals↗
Experimental evaluation of a heparin coated ECMO system simplified with a centrifugal pump.
A heparin coated cardiopulmonary bypass system was evaluated for canine veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The ECMO system consisted of a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator and pediatric centrifugal pump but no reservoir. In Group 1 (N = 6), the ECMO system was coated with a covalent, heparin-binding method, except for the centrifugal pump, and animals underwent ECMO without systemic heparinization. In Group 2 (N = 4), the same system without the heparin coating was used under full heparinization. During 12 hours of ECMO with a bypass flow of 500 ml/min, there were no significant differences in gas exchange or blood trauma between the two groups. There was no apparent macroscopic thrombus formation in either group. In addition, it was suggested that Group 1 had less activation of platelets on the blood-contacting surfaces compared with Group 2. This ECMO system, with simplified circuits using a centrifugal pump, showed efficient gas exchange and antithrombogenicity when coated with heparin using a covalent binding method comparable to the non heparin coated system requiring systemic heparinization.
Animals↗
Uterine cervical cancer risk in cigarette smokers: a meta-analytic study.
We conducted a meta-analytic study to measure the risk of uterine cervical cancer in former and current smokers. A literature search from 1966 to 1988 identified 139 MEDLINE citations. Of these, five studies reported appropriate and complete data for meta-analysis. A recent study conducted by the authors was also included. The graphical and variance-based methods of meta-analysis consistently demonstrated a significantly excessive risk of cervical cancer in current smokers, but not in former smokers. The powers of the analyses involving former smokers were between 0.72 and 0.99, depending on the degree of confounding attributed to unmeasured variables. Thus, it was unlikely that sample size accounted for the null association observed in former smokers. These findings have important medical implications for women in light of the prevalence of cigarette smoking. During regular gynecologic screening examinations, health care professionals may have considerable impact by counseling women about the risk of cervical cancer in smokers. Antismoking messages should be strongly directed toward women in the lower educational and socioeconomic levels to have the greatest impact on the incidence of cervical cancer.
Adult↗
Exposure to alcohol and tobacco and the risk of laryngeal cancer.
The association between various risk factors and laryngeal cancer was evaluated using a case-control design. Subjects were chosen from the Missouri Cancer Registry from 1984 and 1985. The analysis was limited to white males and included 63 cases and 200 controls. The odds ratios (ORs) associated with previous tobacco use, adjusted for age and alcohol use, followed an increasing linear trend (p less than .01). Similarly, a dose-response relationship between alcohol use and laryngeal cancer (p less than .05) was identified. The risk for laryngeal cancer was increased synergistically by alcohol and tobacco. After controlling for alcohol and tobacco, the only occupational category with an elevated risk was nonconstruction laborers (OR = 3.82; 95% confidence interval = 1.87-5.77). Further studies of the interaction between alcohol and tobacco, occupational factors, and laryngeal cancer etiology are suggested.
Aged↗
Glutathione reductase in the red blood cells.
Glutathione reductase plays an important role in protecting hemoglobin, red cell enzymes, and biological cell membranes against oxidative damage by increasing the level of reduced glutathone (GSSGR) in the process of aerobic glycolysis. The enzyme deficiency may result in mild to moderately severe hemolytic anemia upon exposure to certain drugs or chemicals. However, hereditary deficiency of the enzyme is extremely rare. Recent studies on glutathione reductase in the red cell have shown more insight in the understanding of red cell metabolism and interactions with other enzymes, especially glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD). Glutathione reducatase in serum may be a source of error in any clinical laboratory test in which an enzyme activity is determined indirectly by measuring the change in reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NADH) or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) absorbance. Glutathione reductase levels are reduced in banked blood when citrate-phosphate-dextrose (CPD) is used as a preservative. Reviewed is the role of glutathione reductase in the metabolism of the red cell and its clinical implication and usefulness.
Erythrocytes↗
Acquired coagulopathy owing to parenteral cefamandole: renal failure as a predisposing factor.
Within a span of four months at a 550 bed community hospital, four elderly patients who had been taking cefamandole for various infections developed a severe coagulopathy within 10 days after initiation of cefamandole. All patients had a prolonged prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time with a marked decrease of the vitamin K dependent clotting factors II, VII, IX, X, and also were found to have mild to moderate renal function impairment. The coagulopathy was promptly corrected to normal with or without treatment of vitamin K and/or fresh frozen plasma when the drug was discontinued. Treatment with vitamin K while on cefamandole also corrected the coagulation abnormalities and in vitro cefamandole had no direct effect on prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in therapeutic concentrations. These clinical and laboratory observations and the nature of high excretion rate of cefamandole in bile suggest cefamandole induced coagulopathy is caused by decreased vitamin K synthesis, probably secondary to rapid depletion of vitamin K producing intestinal organisms.
Aged↗