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Biomedical subjects

J C Anderson

Publications and source records attributed to J C Anderson.

At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Absence of encapsulation in strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis.

Thirty of 104 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical cases of bovine mastitis in England grew as diffuse colonies in serum soft agar (SSA), 45 grew as mixed diffuse and compact colonies and 29 yielded compact colonies only. The compact strains grew as diffuse colonies in SSA after one passage in the mammary gland of mice. However, none of the strains had an unstained halo when examined by the India ink technique and there was a 99.99 per cent reduction in the viable numbers of the bacteria in 30 representative strains 24 hours after inoculation into the peritoneal cavity of mice. By contrast the truly encapsulated strain M had an unstained halo by the India ink technique and resisted phagocytic killing in the peritoneal cavity. It is concluded that these strains from cases of mastitis are not encapsulated and that growth as diffuse colonies in SSA is not a reliable test of encapsulation.

Agar↗
PubMed1983

Relationship between amniotic fluid volume and maternal plasma volume expansion.

Amniotic fluid and maternal plasma volumes were estimated in high-risk obstetric patients suspected of being hypovolemic. Excluding cases of intrinsic maternal or fetal disease, there were good (P less than 0.001) correlations between maternal plasma volume expansion and amniotic fluid volume. In the presence of oligohydramnios, there is usually maternal hypovolemia, and vice versa. Oligohydramnios may often be corrected by vigorous maternal plasma volume expansion, which is sometimes indicated in the treatment of cases of fetal distress. It is presumed that only when maternal plasma volume expansion is normal, is uterine perfusion sufficient to provide amniotic fluid formation in normal amounts. The varying amounts of amniotic fluid seen in normal pregnancies at term probably reflect the varying fetal activities of swallowing and voiding.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Clinical signs of normal plasma volume expansion during pregnancy.

A majority of cases of pregnancy complications are associated with a relative maternal hypovolemia. The records of 200 pregnant women who had had plasma volume determinations were reviewed in hopes of finding indicators of relative maternal hypovolemia other than the pregnancy complication itself. The signs of relative hypovolemia in pregnant women include those of decreased uterine growth, absence of a maternal systolic flow murmur, and absence of significant dependent ankle edema. Laboratory tests indicative of maternal hypovolemia include failure to develop a decline in maternal hematocrit, serum blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio greater than 15, a decreased creatinine clearance, abnormal platelet function, elevated serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, ultrasonic evidence of oligohydramnios and/or decreased maternal heart size, and absence of hypervolemia on chest x-ray film. These findings and tests are only relative indicators of maternal hypovolemia, and it is suggested that, for an accurate defining of pregnant women who are at risk, the actual plasma volume determination has to be performed frequently in the pregnant population.

Aspartate Aminotransferases↗
PubMed1983

Depression in a sample of 9-year-old children, Prevalence and associated characteristics.

We investigated the prevalence of depression in a sample of 9-year-old children from the general population being studied longitudinally. Current point prevalences of major and minor depressive disorder were estimated at 1.8% and 2.5%, respectively. A comparison of children with depression and a nondepressed group disclosed no significant differences by sex, nor any significant association between depression and socioeconomic status, teacher reports of behavior problems, and cognitive or motor development. The children with current depression were reported by a parent to have had a history of more behavioral problems, had been referred more often for assessment or treatment of behavioral or emotional problems, and had more negative self-perceptions of their academic ability. The results suggested that parents may be more sensitive than teachers to the behavior problems exhibited by depressed children.

Achievement↗
PubMed1983

Distribution of proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid in transverse sections of bovine thoracic aorta.

The distribution of hyaluronic acid and proteoglycans in bovine thoracic aorta was studied by Alcian Blue staining of frozen tissue sections under controlled electrolyte conditions with and without prior enzymic digestion. Some sections were digested with chondroitinase ABC, testicular hyaluronidase or bacterial collagenase and subsequent staining permitted conclusions to be drawn about the distribution of specific glycosaminoglycans within the tissue. The total glycosaminoglycan content was maximal in the intima and decreased across the arterial wall to the outermost adventitial layer. The content of proteoglycan containing chondroitin sulphate and/or dermatan sulphate chains paralleled this distribution. However, other glycosaminoglycans also contributed significantly to staining, although there was no evidence for any appreciable concentration of heparin or highly sulphated heparan sulphate. Several experiments indicated that proteoglycan containing chondroitin sulphate and/or dermatan sulphate was associated with elastic laminae which were often seen stained along their periphery. Hyaluronic acid was present at significant concentrations in all locations of the aorta and there was evidence for a similar distribution of heparan sulphate which was possible also present at a high concentration in the endothelium. Staining of sections after treatment with 4 M guanidinium chloride confirmed that this extractant removed most of the proteoglycan from the tissue section.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Investigation of relationships between collagens, elastin and proteoglycans in bovine thoracic aorta by immunofluorescence techniques.

Types I, III and V collagens and proteoglycan were localized in the aorta by indirect immunofluorescence techniques. Type I collagen was more prominent in media and adventitia than in intima while type III collagen predominated in intima and media but appeared less significant in adventitia. Type V collagen was observed in intima and media only and was seen surrounding smooth muscle cells. Type I collagen was located between elastic fibres but type III collagen appeared to envelop the fibres, suggesting an interaction between elastic fibres and type III collagen. Pretreatment of sections with testicular hyaluronidase caused no changes in staining for type I collagen, but adventitial areas showed increased staining for type III collagen. After digestion with chondroitinase ABC, intimal and medial areas showed increased staining for type III collagen. Therefore, type III collagen forms stronger interactions with proteoglycans and hyaluronic acid than does type I collagen and type III collagen in adventitia is largely masked by hyaluronic acid, while type III collagen in intima and media is associated with proteoglycan. Thus, type III collagen is a more significant component of adventitia than previously recognized. Proteoglycan was also partly localized along elastic fibres. It is, therefore, suggested that elastic fibres are coated with type III collagen, which itself is coated with proteoglycan.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid and familial polyposis coli.

A 22-year-old white woman in whom multicentric papillary carcinoma of the thyroid developed two years after prophylactic colectomy for intestinal polyposis is reported. This association has been observed by others. Patients with familial polyposis coli are at risk for a variety of malignancies other than colonic, and careful life-long surveillance is necessary.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1983

Lead concentrations in inner-city soils as a factor in the child lead problem.

Soil samples were randomly collected from 422 vegetable gardens in a study area centered in downtown Baltimore, Maryland, and having a radius of 48.28 km (30 miles). The levels of lead, four other metals (cadmium, copper, nickel, and zinc), and pH were measured for each location. The application of multi-response permutation procedures, which are compatible with mapping techniques, reveals that lead (as well as cadmium, copper, nickel, and zinc) is concentrated and ubiquitous within the soils of the inner-city area of Metropolitan Baltimore. The probability values that the concentration of metals occurred by chance alone vary from about 10(-15) to 10(-23) depending on the metal considered. Our findings pose environmental and public health issues, especially to children living within the inner-city.

Child↗
PubMed1983

Antibiotic activity against intraleukocytic Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in experimental mastitis in mice.

The activities of a range of antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus organisms that survive within bovine neutrophils in vitro were studied in mice. Cloxacillin, floxacillin, and cephradine failed to kill intracellular staphylococci but increased the organisms' sensitivity to killing by lysostaphin after neutrophil disruption. Fusidate and clindamycin caused an apparent small reduction in viable intraleukocytic S aureus, whereas novobiocin did not demonstrate intracellular activity. Substantial intracellular bactericidal effects were shown in vitro by rifampin and rifamycin SV, even at concentrations in slight excess of the minimum inhibitory concentration. In a mouse model of chronic mastitis, intramammary therapy with rifampin was more effective in reducing viable S aureus in infected glands than was therapy with rifamycin SV.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Penicillin (cloxacillin)-tolerant Staphylococcus aureus from bovine mastitis: identification and lack of correlation between tolerance in vitro and response to therapy in vivo.

Twenty-four isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from naturally occurring cases of bovine mastitis were examined in vitro for resistance to cloxacillin. All strains produced penicillinase and none showed intrinsic resistance (methicillin resistance) to cloxacillin. The minimum inhibitory concentration of cloxacillin for all these strains was normal (low) but differences were found between them in their sensitivities to the bactericidal action. Three were considered to be tolerant to cloxacillin and a further five possibly so. In a mouse model of mastitis there was no difference in the response to intramammary therapy with cloxacillin between cloxacillin-sensitive or tolerant strains of S aureus and a known methicillin-resistant strain was similarly sensitive to cloxacillin therapy in vivo. It is concluded that cloxacillin tolerance may have little clinical significance in mastitis therapy.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1982

Progressive pathology of staphylococcal mastitis with a note on control, immunisation and therapy.

In the light of experimental work using the mouse model of staphylococcal mastitis and supported by material from staphylococcal mastitis in cows a progressive pathology of the disease in cattle is proposed. The rationale of the standard control measures (dry cow therapy, teat dipping, etc) is defended, the possibility of immunisation is doubted but the prospect of advances in therapy is thought to be good.

Animals↗