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Biomedical subjects

J Burnett

Publications and source records attributed to J Burnett.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

[Case report of jellyfish injury].

We are presenting a 47-year-old woman who was stung by jellyfish while bathing in the sea of Thailand. Immediately after the injury she developed sharp pain and urticarial erythema of the skin of the knees accompanied by muscle cramps of the entire body. After a few days a toxic contact dermatitis with edematous swelling and ulcerations developed, which did not respond to topical antibiotics or corticosteroids. Three weeks later the patient presented with a disseminated urticarial eruption, which at first responded well to topical treatment and systemic corticosteroids. Over the next few weeks, however, a relapse of the eruption and the ulcerations occurred. Raised titres of IgG and IgM antibodies against different jellyfish from the Indian and Pacific Ocean were detected in the patient's serum by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibodies against bees (class 1) and wasps (class 4) were found by the radioallergosorbent test. The clinical features and the immunological findings led to the diagnosis of toxic and allergic contact dermatitis to jellyfish venom. First aid and secondary treatment of jellyfish injuries are suggested.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1995

Replication of molluscum contagiosum virus.

Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) infects preadolescent children and sexually active adults, frequently causing a disfiguring cutaneous disease in immunosuppressed HIV-infected individuals. The development of an efficacious treatment regime has been hampered by the failure to replicate the virus in the laboratory. Here we report the first demonstration of MCV replication in an experimental system. In human foreskin grafts to athymic mice, MCV induced morphological changes which were indistinguishable from patient biopsies and included the development and migration of molluscum bodies containing mature virions to the epidermal surface.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of bisacodyl in pharmaceutical dosage forms marketed in Australia.

HPLC methods have been developed for the assay of bisacodyl in various pharmaceutical forms. The extraction procedures are simple and the HPLC conditions separate bisacodyl from its degradation products. The chromatography was performed using a Merck LiChrospher RP-select B column, a mobile phase of 55% acetonitrile/45% 0.05 M KH2PO4 and detection by UV at 214 nm.

Bisacodyl↗
PubMed1995

Cardiac catheterization and test occlusion of the interatrial communication after the fenestrated Fontan operation.

OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to determine whether catheterization data obtained after a fenestrated Fontan operation influenced patient management or predicted functional status. BACKGROUND: Cardiac catheterization after a fenestrated Fontan operation is undertaken to identify residual lesions and to observe the patient's response to test occlusion of the baffle fenestration. METHODS: Sixty patients undergoing both a fenestrated Fontan operation before July 1991 and a postoperative catheterization before March 1992 were included in the study. Catheterization data were collected according to a test occlusion protocol; these data were reviewed, and the patient's clinical status at follow-up was ascertained. RESULTS: Test occlusion resulted in a significant increase in systemic venous pressure, arterial oxygen saturation and arteriovenous difference in oxygen content (p < 0.0001). After test occlusion, systemic venous pressure was 40% higher and systemic venous saturation 23% lower among patients with an unfavorable versus a favorable response to test occlusion, although differences between the two groups were subtle or inapparent in the baseline state. Branch pulmonary artery stenosis (identified and balloon dilated in 6 patients) and grade 2 or 3 aortopulmonary collateral vessels (identified and coil embolized in 20) were associated with elevation in systemic venous pressure (p < 0.01). After an average of 2 years of follow-up, there were no deaths, and 50 (83%) of 60 patients were in New York Heart Association functional class I. The only postoperative characteristic significantly associated with being in functional class I at follow-up was a systemic venous pressure < 17 mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac catheterization with test occlusion of the interatrial communication provides useful information after a fenestrated Fontan operation. Conditions associated with elevated systemic venous pressure should be sought and treated, and the response of systemic venous pressure to test occlusion should be considered when deciding whether to close an interatrial communication.

Cardiac Catheterization↗
PubMed1995

Frequency of familial dilated cardiomyopathy.

Based on evaluation of 59 probands and their families, we previously demonstrated that over 20% of patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) have familial disease. We acquired 36 additional probands and found familial disease in 24.2% of the 95 probands in this expanded consecutively ascertained cohort. The family history, as reported by the patient and relatives, is often an unreliable indicator of familial disease because patients may be unaware of the significance of a family history of sudden death, arrhythmia or stroke. We demonstrate that careful family history with review of medical records identifies more familial cases than merely asking the patient if there is a family history of DCM. However, even such a careful family history does not identify all familial cases. Some familial cases are identified only by echocardiographic investigation of asymptomatic relatives. We found no clinical attributes of probands, other than family history, which predicted familial disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

An intraspecific gene duplication polymorphism of the urate oxidase gene of Drosophila virilis: a genetic and molecular analysis.

Nineteen strains of Drosophila virilis from diverse geographic locations were examined by genetic and molecular analyses, revealing (a) 12 strains with a single copy of the urate oxidase (UO) gene per haploid genome and (b) 7 strains with a tandem duplication of the UO locus. The D. virilis strains with the UO duplication appear to have identical restriction maps of this region, implying either a single origin for the duplication or several similar events occurring at a hot spot. On the basis of the location of the duplication breakpoints and the restriction sites flanking these breakpoints, this duplication probably arose through nonhomologous recombination involving either a breakage and rejoining event or replication slippage. because documented cases of intraspecific gene duplication polymorphism are rare, the D. virilis UO duplication will be useful in identifying the molecular event giving rise to a gene duplication.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Reducing and managing restraints in long-term-care facilities.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a management system designed to improve staff adherence to a federal regulation that stated restrained residents should be released, exercised, and repositioned every 2 hours. DESIGN: A delayed intervention, controlled, cross-over design with three phases. During phase one, baseline, the length of intervals that residents remained in restraints was monitored. The intervention was implemented at site A in Phase two while site B remained in baseline. During Phase three, the intervention was replicated at site B. SETTING: Two long-term care proprietary nursing facilities. PATIENTS: Sixty-three physically restrained residents in the two facilities. INTERVENTION: The intervention was a system of restraint release using colored pads corresponding to specific hours. The management rule was that the resident should be on a different colored pad every 2 hours. Staff had to lift residents to place the pad, and the colors made the system easy for supervisors to check. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Checks by research personnel by black light and invisible ink, to detect movement of the knot tying the restraints. RESULTS: During the baseline phase, the majority of residents at both sites were inappropriately restrained longer than 2 hours (site A: 54.1%; site B: 60.1%). The percentage of residents restrained over 2 hours was significantly reduced during the intervention phase to 13.9% (site A) and 19.4% (site B). Three weeks after the end of the intervention, inappropriate use of restraints remained low, 14.2%, but rose to 47.7% after another 3 weeks. CONCLUSION: The management system is an effective way to increase the consistency with which nursing-home staff release and reposition restrained residents.

Aged↗
PubMed1988

Selective use of heparin in aortic surgery.

The incidence of distal ischaemia following aortic reconstruction may be as high as 25%, despite the use of systemic heparin. As anticoagulation may be associated with excessive operative blood loss, a retrospective study was performed to assess the prevalence of these problems, in a consecutive series, during a 30-month period. Evaluation of reconstruction was possible in 161 patients with aneurysm and 38 patients with occlusive disease. The incidence of vessel occlusion was 21% in the occlusive and 4% in the aneurysm group (P less than 0.05). Four of seven patients who had major vessel occlusion had serious complications, and there were two resultant deaths. These problems occurred despite the administration of heparin. Blood loss and operating time were quantitated in the patients who had resection for aortic aneurysm. Both were significantly longer in patients who received heparin (P less than 0.05) and the differences were maintained when patients were stratified according to increments in dose or operating time, and according to whether woven tube or bifurcation grafts were performed. It was concluded that aneurysm surgery, in the absence of distal occlusive disease, could be safely performed without the use of systemic heparin, but surgery for occlusive disease still requires heparinization.

Aged↗
PubMed1987

Natural History Study of Congenital Heart Defects.

A strategy designed to locate and recruit individuals who were part of a study in the 1960s of congenital aortic stenosis, pulmonary stenosis, and ventricular septal defect for purposes of a follow-up examination is presented. These individuals are now adults living throughout the United States and some foreign countries. The present study, referred to as NHS-2, is designed to bring the survivors back to one of six clinical centers for medical evaluation to study the long-term results of medical and surgical treatment of such patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

An analysis of 12 months admissions to a regional infection unit with an open door admission policy.

All admissions to the Aberdeen Infection Unit over a period of 12 months have been analysed. Forty per cent of the patients proved to have non-infectious conditions although most were referred as having an infectious disease. Those patients with infectious diseases were younger and had a shorter stay in hospital. Also there was seasonal variation in the time of their admission as well as a low mortality rate when compared with older patients with non-infectious disease admitted over the same period. Cross infection did not arise in spite of patients sharing accommodation.

Cross Infection↗
PubMed1983

Glomerulonephritis associated with chronic bacterial infection of a dacron arterial prosthesis.

Glomerulonephritis associated with severe chronic visceral or systemic infection is being increasingly recognized. The development of glomerulonephritis in association with chronic infection of prosthetic material permanently implanted in the circulatory system has been regularly reported since the description of "shunt nephritis" by Black, Challacombe and Ockenden in 1965. Nearly all of these cases have involved ventriculo-vascular shunts. However, this report documents the apparently rare association between glomerulonephritis and chronic bacterial infection of a bifurcate dacron aorto-bifemoral graft. The need for awareness of glomerulonephritis as a cause of acute renal failure in chronic infective states is highlighted.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1983

Double-masked trial of fenoprofen sodium: treatment of chronic aphakic cystoid macular edema.

Aphakic cystoid macular edema is a serious eye disease. Its etiology is unknown, but a widely held theory attributes it to an inflammatory response to surgical trauma. In a double-masked study, a 1% solution of fenoprofen sodium, a topically applied antiprostaglandin agent, was evaluated against placebo in determining the effectiveness of fenoprofen in the treatment of chronic aphakic cystoid macular edema. Fourteen patients, five women and nine men, participated in the study. Fenoprofen sodium was found to have no effect on the course of chronic aphakic cystoid macular edema. We believe that the lack of effect may have been due to the duration of edema at the time of treatment or to the small sample size. Larger studies in the immediate postoperative period are suggested. The importance of iris angiography as a possible predicting technique of macular leakage is emphasized.

Aged↗