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Biomedical subjects

J Burema

Publications and source records attributed to J Burema.

At least 55 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

The effect of pregnancy on the body mass index 9 months postpartum in 49 women.

The effect of pregnancy on the body mass index (weight/height2) was studied. The change in the body mass index from pregestation through 9 months postpartum of 49 pregnant women was compared with the change in the body mass index during the same period of follow-up in 400 non-pregnant women. All women participated in a follow-up study in which body weight was measured every 6 months. In addition the body weight of the pregnant women was measured at 6 and 12 months postpartum. Nine months postpartum the total group of pregnant women had gained as much body mass as was to be expected from ageing. The same was true for the subgroup of women who did not breast-feed their child or who breast-fed for a period shorter than 2 months. Unexpectedly, women who breast-fed their child for more than 2 months gained +0.6 kg/m2 (90 per cent CI: +0.1, +1.0) more body mass than the non-pregnant women. Compared to the latter group, women who used bromocriptine to stop lactation lost body mass (-0.5 kg/m2, 90 per cent CI: -1.1, +0.0). These observations suggest that, postpartum, the total group of pregnant women has not gained more body mass than expected from ageing. 'Maternal obesity' may be associated with breast-feeding for long periods.

Aging↗
PubMed1987

Within-person variation in daily dietary intake of boys from Finland, the Netherlands, Italy, the Philippines and Ghana.

We have studied the within-person variation in daily dietary intake of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, cholesterol, saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in 8- and 9-year-old boys from five countries, using record and recall methods of dietary assessment. The average within-person coefficients of variation ranged from 19 to 31 per cent of the mean intake of energy, protein and carbohydrate; from 43 to 77 per cent of the mean intake of cholesterol, from 28 to 50 per cent of the mean intake of saturated fatty acids, and from 37 to 105 per cent of the mean intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Some of this variation may have been due to differences in the methods used to assess dietary intake. The day of the week on which food intake is estimated can also influence the number of measurements required to estimate precisely an individual's intake of energy or specific nutrients. From the results of this study it can be shown that it is not always justified to assume that every person in a population has the same within-person variance. This may lead to an underestimation of the number of measurements needed to estimate individual intakes. The results of this study are useful in the planning of dietary surveys when decisions are to be made about methods of data collection, sample size and length of the study, and also in the analysis and interpretation of the results of dietary surveys.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Validity of the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat tissue microbiopsies as an estimate of the long-term average fatty acid composition of the diet of separate individuals.

The relationship between the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous adipose tissue and diet was estimated in 59 Dutch women aged 32-35 years. Food consumption was estimated by taking the means of nineteen 24-hour recalls administered over a period of two and a half years, August 1981-December 1983. Highly significant correlations were found between linoleic acid content of fat tissue and diet (r = 0.70) and also between the linoleic acid-to-saturated fatty acid (linoleic/S) ratio of fat tissue and diet (r = 0.62). This confirms the hypothesis that on an individual level the fatty acid composition of the adipose tissue is a valid index for the habitual dietary fatty acid composition of free-living adults. When using one 24-hour recall instead of the average of 19 recalls, the correlation coefficient between the linoleic/S ratio of the diet and that of the adipose tissue was substantially decreased. This demonstrates the weakening effect of the large day-to-day variation in within-person intake on the correlation between a short-term assessment of the nutrient intake of an individual and a biochemical indicator of long-term nutritional status.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1986

The relation between overweight and subjective health according to age, social class, slimming behavior and smoking habits in Dutch adults.

Subjective health status was assessed in relation to overweight by administering a list of 51 health complaints to adult men and women who were either chronically overweight as defined by Body Mass Index (BMI) or not overweight, in a continuous morbidity registration in four general practices during the period 1967-83. Responses were received from 455 men (182 overweight) and 790 women (386 overweight), ages 26-66 years. Response rate (71 per cent) and age distribution (mean age 48) were similar in overweight and non-overweight groups of both sexes. BMI was correlated with the total number of complaints in women (r = 0.15) but not in men (r = 0.07). Multiple regression analysis revealed, however, that age was an effect modifier in this relation, there being a negative association between BMI and subjective health in younger men and a positive association in older men, whereas in women the association between BMI and subjective health was much more pronounced at younger ages than at older ages. In addition, current smoking habits and social class (in men and women) and reported slimming behavior (in women) had an independent relation to the total number of health complaints. BMI was also related to specific complaints and groups of complaints, particularly in women.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Seasonal variation in food intake, pattern of physical activity and change in body weight in a group of young adult Dutch women consuming self-selected diets.

The effect of season on the energy balance was examined in 114 young adult Dutch women consuming self-selected diets. Energy intakes and patterns of physical activity were assessed monthly 14 times with the 24-h recall method. After this period of 14 months, in the second year the same estimates were made with intervals of 2-3 months to check if the seasonal variations observed were not accidental. The study did not demonstrate seasonal variations in the mean energy intake of the group under study. However, the intake of fat appeared to be higher in the winter and spring than in the summer and autumn, whereas for the intake of mono- and di-saccharides the reverse seemed to be true. The intake of dietary fibre was higher in the autumn than in the summer, with intermediate values for winter and spring. Small seasonal fluctuations were observed in body weight and time spent on various physical activities. On the one hand, these fluctuations are too small to indicate physiological significance, on the other hand they are wide enough to be taken into account in the design of many longitudinal studies on the relation between diet and disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

The impact of adjustment of a weight-height index (W/H2) for frame size on the prediction of body fatness.

The impact of frame-size categories in weight-height tables was studied by comparing the efficiency of the body-mass index (weight/height2 (W/H2] and weight adjusted for body-height and a body-diameter, W/(H2Dp), in predicting body fatness. Body-weight, body-height, six body-diameters and four skinfold thicknesses were measured in ninety-five men and seventy women, aged between 23 and 35 years. Percentage of body fat was calculated from skinfold thicknesses using regression equations according to Durnin & Womersley (1974). The inclusion of a body-diameter increased the explained variation of body fatness from 57% to 62% (knee) and 63% (shoulder) in men and from 63% to 69% (knee) in women. It can be concluded that in the present population the efficiency of the prediction of percentage of body fat was not improved markedly by the inclusion of a body-diameter in the body-mass index, thus giving no support for the inclusion of frame-size categories in weight-height tables.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1985

Validity and reproducibility of a dietary history method estimating the usual food intake during one month.

The validity and reproducibility of a dietary history method with a time of reference of one month was assessed with 44 young adults (aged 19-32 yr). The concurrent validity of the method was assessed by means of the 24-h urine nitrogen excretion. The mean difference between N-intake and N-excretion (24-h urine N-excretion plus 2 g for extra renal nitrogen losses) was 0.0 g with 95%-confidence limits of +/- 1.1 g. These limits for the mean difference between excretion and intake indicate a valid assessment of the protein intake of this group. The reproducibility was evaluated in the same group through a test-retest design. The intraclass correlation coefficients were high over a weighted average of weekdays and for an average workday with regard to the intakes of energy and selected nutrients. For the Saturday and Sunday intakes, the intraclass correlation coefficients were lower for the energy intakes and most of the nutrients (except alcohol), indicating a poorer reproducibility for weekend assessments.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Prognosis in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with regard to the electrocardiogram.

A long-term prognostic study of 128 patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (initial value for Forced Expiratory Volume in one second, [FEV1] less than or equal to 1,000 ml) with regard to electrocardiographic and lung function parameters as obtained at the entry visit is reported. Many initial ECG-variables and lung function parameters were significantly different between survivors and non-survivors after five years. We used a discriminant analysis to determine which factors actually provided independent information for detection of those subjects with a survival less than five years. In a discriminant analysis of the initial 25 ECG-variables only P-amplitude in lead II and S-amplitude in lead V6 were predictors of five-year survival (diagnostic accuracy 66.1%). In a discriminant analysis in which initial lung function variables were also considered next to the ECG-variables, the best prediction of five-year survival was made by P-amplitude in lead II, increase of FEV1 after thiazinamium i.m., and residual volume as percentage of total lung capacity [RV/TLC, %] (diagnostic accuracy 73.2%).

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Food consumption, habitual physical activity, and body fatness in young Dutch adults.

The relationship between body fatness and both food consumption and habitual physical activity, was studied in young adult males (n = 122) and females (n = 140) in three age groups (20 to 22, 25 to 27, and 30 to 32 yr) in a Dutch population. In males the average daily energy intake was rather high (about 3000 kcal) and average body weight increased by 1.2 kg in the preceding year. Both findings suggest the existence of a positive energy balance. In females the average daily energy intake was normal (about 2170 kcal) and average body weight remained constant. Physical activity at work and sport was not related to the percentage of body fat in either sex, but physical activity, such as walking and cycling during leisure time, was slightly lower in fatter males. The fatter subjects tended to eat less than the leaner subjects but this was only significant in females. However, after adjusting for lean body mass and physical activity in a multiple regression model, energy intake was inversely related to percentage of body fat in both sexes. Change in body weight in the period of 4 months preceding the food consumption study seemed to reflect energy balance at the time of the food consumption study in only leaner and fatter females. After adjusting also for change in body weight in these females energy intake of fatter females remained lower, suggesting a reduced need for energy among many fatter females.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1983

Determinants of total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in boys from Finland, The Netherlands, Italy, the Philippines and Ghana with special reference to diet.

We have studied the determinants of total and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in young boys from five countries characterized by different lifestyles, dietary consumption profiles and mortality rates from coronary heart disease. All measurements including the estimation of dietary intake, physical activity, body mass index and the concentrations of total and HDL cholesterol were carefully standardized. The mean concentrations of total and HDL cholesterol were higher in the European boys (4.1-4.9 mmol/l and 1.45-1.57 mmol/l, respectively) than in the boys from Ghana and the Philippines (3.3-3.8 mmol/l and 0.93-1.10 mmol/l, respectively). A positive correlation was found between the concentration of total cholesterol and the intake of saturated fatty acids in four out of five countries. The concentration of HDL cholesterol was also related to various dietary variables in some of the groups. Using the regression coefficients from a multiple regression analysis on the pooled data, it could be calculated that on average 24 per cent of the inter-country differences in the levels of total cholesterol is explained by differences in the intakes of saturated fatty acids. Differences between the groups of the different countries in the intakes of carbohydrate explained on average 29 per cent of the differences in the concentrations of HDL cholesterol. The results obtained support the hypothesis that higher concentrations of total and HDL cholesterol are associated with western types of diets rich in saturated fatty acids and relatively poor in complex carbohydrates.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1983

Obesity in young Dutch adults: I, socio-demographic variables and body mass index.

The simultaneous contribution of various socio-demographic variables to body mass index (BMI; weight/height) was studied in young adults in three age groups (19-21, 24-26 and 29-31 yr) in a Dutch population. Medians of the BMI of males (n = 1765) and females (n = 2092) were 23.1 and 21.8 kg/m2, respectively. The prevalence of severe obesity (BMI greater than or equal to 30.0 kg/m2) was 2 per cent in both sexes. There was a positive relationship between age and BMI, while level of education and level of father's occupation were inversely related to BMI in both sexes. Married females who had given birth to two or more children weighed more than those with one or no children. The mean BMI of the males in the rural area was higher than that of the males in the urban area. Both the Lutheran males and females weighed more than the non-Lutherans. The mean BMI was lower in males attending church more frequently than once a month. There were no independent relationships between BMI and the other socio-demographic variables (marital status, main daily occupation, size of family of origin and birth order) in either sex. In conclusion, it can be stated that age and socio-economic status were the most important socio-demographic determinants of BMI. Socio-economic status can be useful in directed prevention of obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Obesity in young Dutch adults: II, daily life-style and body mass index.

The relationships between aspects of daily life-style and age, level of education, and body mass index (BMI; weight/height) were studied in young adult males (n = 1765) and females (n = 2092) in three age groups (19-21, 24-26 and 29-31 yr) in a Dutch population. By means of principal-components analysis five conceptually meaningful factors could be distinguished within the aspects of daily life-style which were considered. These factors were interpreted as constructs of: (1) slimming behaviour; (2) behaviour characterized by the consumption of coffee and alcohol, smoking habits and the number of hours sleep per night (CASS behaviour); (3) eating sweet and savoury snacks between meals; (4) health-conscious behaviour; and (5) physical activity. After adjustments were made for age and level of education, multiple regression analysis showed that slimming behaviour was positively related to BMI in both sexes, CASS behaviour was positively related to BMI in males, and health-conscious behaviour was inversely related to BMI in both sexes. An observed positive relationship between BMI and occupational physical activity in males could be explained by a confounding effect of socio-economic status. The observed weak positive relationship between number of hours active sport per month and BMI in males is possibly due to a difference in lean body mass. The consumption of sweet and savoury snacks was not related to BMI in either sex. These findings suggest that the daily life-style variables should be interpreted as indicators of more general types of behaviour, some of which may be important determinants of obesity.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Body fatness, relative weight and frame size in young adults.

1. Body-weight, body height, knee width, wrist width and skinfold measurements were made on males (n 139) and females (n 167) in three age-groups (20-22, 25-27 and 30-32 years). Percentage of body fat was calculated from skinfold thicknesses using regression equations according to Durnin & Womersley (1974). Three indices of relative weight were calculated: W/H2, W/Hp and W/W, where W is body-weight, H is body height, p is the exponent that made the index of relative weight independent of height and W is the weight estimated from body height and frame size. 2. The standard error of the estimate of body-weight was only reduced by 5% in males and by 13% in females when, in addition to body height, knee width was taken into account. The addition of wrist width did not improve the accuracy of estimation of body-weight in either sex. Therefore in further analyses W was estimated from body height and knee width. In the present population the exponent p was 1.7 in males and 1.6 in females. 3. The correlations between the percentage of body fat and the indices, W/H2, W/Hp, and W/W, were all very similar, being approximately 0.8 in both sexes. 4. A positive relationship was observed between percentage of body fat and knee width in females, which may be explained by an artifact of measurement. 5. In conclusion it can be stated that the accuracy of estimation of percentage of body fat was not improved when the index of relative weight was adjusted for knee width or wrist width in the present population. The W/H2 was the most preferable of the three indices which were calculated.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A short questionnaire for the measurement of habitual physical activity in epidemiological studies.

The construct validity and the test-retest reliability of a self-administered questionnaire about habitual physical activity were investigated in young males (n = 139) and females (n = 167) in three age groups (20 to 22, 25 to 27, and 30 to 32 yr) in a Dutch population. By principal components analysis three conceptually meaningful factors were distinguished. They were interpreted as: 1) physical activity at work; 2) sport during leisure time; and 3) physical activity during leisure time excluding sport. Test-retest showed that the reliability of the three indices constructed from these factors was adequate. Further, it was found that level of education was inversely related to the work index, and positively related to the leisure-time index in both sexes. The subjective experience of work load was not related to the work index, but was inversely related to the sport index, and the leisure-time index in both sexes. The lean body mass was positively related the the work index, and the sport index in males, but was not related to the leisure-time index in either sex. These differences in the relationships support the subdivision of habitual physical activity into the three components mentioned above.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1982

Serum total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations and body mass index in adult men from 13 countries.

In 1980, serum total and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations and body mass index (weight/height2) were measured in groups of adult men from 13 countries. A standardized protocol was used for the drawing of blood and the preparation, storage, and transport of serum. Total and HDL cholesterol concentrations were determined in one laboratory to reduce methodological variability as much as possible. Mean serum total cholesterol concentrations were low in the groups from Africa (3.0-4.3 mmol/liter; 1 mmol/liter = 38.7 mg/100 ml), intermediate in the groups from Pakistan, the Philippines, Surinam, Hungary, Poland, and the Mediterranean countries (4.4-5.5 mmol/liter), and high in those from the Netherlands and Finland (5.6- 6.4 mmol/liter). Mean serum HDL cholesterol concentrations tended to be lower in the men from Africa, Asia, and Surinam (0.7-1.3 mmol/liter) than in those from Europe (1.1-1.5 mmol/liter), the highest values for both total and HDL cholesterol being found in the men from eastern Finland. The ratio of HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol varied from 0.15 to 0.32 and was on average slightly higher in the groups from Africa (0.26-0.32) than it was in the groups from Europe (0.20-0.28) and from Asia and Surinam (0.15-0.22). The body mass index was positively related to the concentration of total cholesterol and negatively related to the concentration of HDL cholesterol and the HDL cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio. The relationships between the concentration of HDL cholesterol and mortality from coronary heart disease within and between populations are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Prognosis in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

A long-term prognostic study of 129 patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (initial value for forced expiratory volume in 1 sec [FEV1] smaller than or equal to 1,000 ml) is reported. Data from the patients (72 per patient) were obtained in a clinically stable phase during the first hospital admission and subsequent regular outpatient visits; the data were processed using multiple regression and discriminant analysis. Five- and 10-year cumulative survival rates were 69 and 40 per cent, respectively. Prediction of survival rate was determined mainly by the rate of decrease in initial FEV1 per year and the degree of increase of initial FEV1 after administration of thiazinamium, a bronchodilator. Initial FEV1 values per se contributed to prediction only when they were less than 450 ml. Study of the data from the individual patients showed the presence of different types of decrease in FEV1: linear, exponential, combined linear-exponential, and phasic. FEV1 sometimes remained unchanged for several years or even showed an increase. No sudden decreases were observed. The better survival rate in patients with greater reversibility of airway obstruction after administration of thiazinamium has important bearing on treatment policy. The hypothesis is put forward that the better survival rate in the present study might be the result of continuing medical care. Comprehensive treatment, provided it includes a component directed at preventing and treating reversible airway obstruction, may be of major importance in determining survival in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The value of so-called dominant, survival-predicting factors is considered to be of secondary importance; their main function is to alert the physician to the fact that prognosis as concerns survival may be unfavorable and that preventive and therapeutic measures should be taken without delay.

Blood Pressure↗