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Biomedical subjects

J Buettner-Janusch

Publications and source records attributed to J Buettner-Janusch.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Prosimian hemoglobins. III. The primary structures of the duplicated alpha-globin chains of Lemur variegatus.

The amino acid sequences of the alpha chains of hemoglobins purified from Lemur variegatus erythrocytes have been determined. The sequences were determined primarily from peptides generated from treatment of the isolated alpha chains with cyanogen bromide or warm formic acid. The ordering of the peptides from both alpha globins was based on the homology between lemur hemoglobins and those of other primates. The genetic difference at position 15 (Asn vs. Lys) explains the phenotypic characteristic of two hemoglobin species during alkaline electrophoresis. The function of certain residues is discussed in the context of other known sequences. The dispersion of the amino acid changes noted in lemur species falls mostly within the first 75 residues of the alpha chain (exons 1 and 2). The extent of divergence of the L. variegatus alpha-globin chains from the Lemur fulvus alpha globin is similar to that seen for the beta-globin chains of these species. This degree of separation (11-16 residues) is consistent with an extended period of independent evolution by these congeneric species after their divergence.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1984

Demographic components of gene frequency change in free-ranging macaques on Cayo Santiago.

Gene frequency profiles from January 1973 to January 1977 for three polymorphic loci were examined in Cayo Santiago rhesus social groups. The effects of demographic components (i.e., births, deaths, immigrations, emigrations, and group fission and fusion) on total change in gene frequencies are assessed. Allelic frequencies at the carbonic anhydrase II, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, and transferrin loci were analyzed in four social groups. In the two groups that underwent fission and fusion during the study period, the timing of these processes was related to the largest short-term changes in gene frequences. However, immigration and emigration had the greatest effect on total change in gene frequency in all groups during the study period. The relative importance of births and deaths in producing gene frequency change varied among the social groups. These results suggest that the relative importance of the demographic components of gene frequency change in primate populations is determined by behavioral patterns and ecological conditions specific to the population considered.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Models for lineal effects in rhesus group fissions.

Gene distributions in daughter groups produced by three rhesus monkey group fissions are analyzed. Data employed are for the Tf, 6PGD, and CA II electrophoretic marker systems in the fissions producing new daughter groups F and M, F and O, and J and N in the Cayo Santiago rhesus colony. Wide variations in FST values were observed among the different markers in the various fissions. Overall, the observed FST values exceeded predictions of simple random fissioning models. However, on average, observations on electrophoretic markers fitted well with predicted values from lineal fissioning models. One of these lineal fissioning models, a simulation, incorporated the propagation of alleles in the matrilines of the fissioning groups. The second, an algebraic expression, utilized group sizes and average kinship values as parameters.

Alleles↗
PubMed1979

Statistical methods for analyzing data on daily activity cycles of primates.

Many field studies on primates have recently been carried out in which quantitative data have been collected using instantaneous scan sampling techniques. However, data collected in this manner are difficult to analyze statistically because of the problem of independence of samples, and a number of investigators have analyzed such data incorrectly. In this paper, we evaluate such analyses and suggest alternative techniques that may be more appropriate. Examples are drawn from data on daily activity cycles of Lemur catta and Lemur fulvus.

Activity Cycles↗
PubMed1978

Social group fission and the origin of intergroup genetic differentiation among the rhesus monkeys of Cayo Santiago.

The serum transferrin locus is used to investigate the roles of the lineal effect of fission, male migration effect of fission, and genetic drift in causing intergroup genetic differentiation among the rhesus macaques of Cayo Santiago. These three mechanisms prove sufficient to explain the degrees of differentiation between the newly formed social groups A, K, and L as of July 1, 1971. The lineal effect of fission provides a baseline of intergroup differentiation which is altered by forces leading to intragroup genetic change, the male migration effect and genetic drift. The importance of population dynamics for the distribution of alleles among subgroups of a population is recognized.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Genetic studies of free-ranging macaques of Cayo Santiago. I. Description of the population and some nonpolymorphic red cell enzymes.

Phenotypes of eight red cell enzymes at nine genetic loci were determined in the semi-free-ranging population of rhesus macaques; Macaca mulatta, that inhabit Cayo Santiago. The following enzymes were examined electrophoretically: adenosine deaminase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, indophenol oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase-1, phosphoglumutase-2, and purine nucleoside phosphorylase. Hemolysates from at least 372 animals were analyzed, and no variants of the enzymes were observed with the exception of malate dehydrogenase. Three animals displaying a variant form of malate dehydrogenase were found.

Adenosine Deaminase↗
PubMed1977

Codominant autosomal inheritance of polymorphic red cell acid phosphates of lemurs and some properties of the enzymes.

Red cell acid phosphatase phenotypes of 207 captive animals of the genera Lemur, Hapalemur, and Prophithecus were determined by starch gel electrophoresis and phosphatase-specific staining. In Lemur fulvus, three phenotypes, designated A, B, and AB, were observed. In each of the species L. catta, L. macaco, L. mongoz, and L. variegatus, a single phenotype was observed, In Hapalemur griseus, three phenotypes were found: A,B, and AB. In Propithecus verreauxi, a single phenotype was found. Examination of breeding records in conjunction with the results of the electrophoretic analyses supports the conclusion that the erythrocytic acid phosphatases in this group of nonhuman primates are the products of at least two codominant autosomal alleles. There is a wide range of specific activities of the acid phosphatases as determined by colorimetric assays. The values range from 60.6 micronmoles of p-nitrophenol released per gram of hemoglobin per 30 min in Lemur catta to 429.1 micronmoles in Propithecus verreauxi. The enzymes of L. fulvus and P. vereauxi were purified approximately 400-fold, and Michaelis-Menten constants were determined on the purified preparations. For L. fulvus phenotype A, Km = 0.8 mM; for L. fulvus phenotype B, Km = 0.8 mM; and for P. verreauxi, Km = 0.6 mM; the substrate in each case was p-nitrophenylphosphate.

Acid Phosphatase↗