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Biomedical subjects

J Buckley

Publications and source records attributed to J Buckley.

98 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1968

Zona pellucida dissolution enzymes of the rabbit sperm head.

Enzymes which dissolve the zona pellucida have been extracted from the rabbit sperm head and characterized as having the enzymic properties of hyaluronidase and trypsin. Their combined actions produce a rapid and complete dissolution of the zona pellucida, but the vitellus and its membrane are unaffected by prolonged exposure to this enzyme complex. Inhibition of the proteolytic component with lima bean or soybean inhibitors of trypsin prevents dissolution of the zona pellucida by the extract.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Outcome-directed clinical practice in lumbar spine surgery.

Outcome audits describe the current level of clinical performance and direct change in clinical practice. The outcome measures used should be not only relevant and easily understood but also available to all interested parties, e.g. patients, clinicians and commissioners of health. The results of audits can be used to set the standard from which clinical practice can be monitored and improved. An expectation of likely outcome also gives the patient the opportunity of being able to make a fully informed choice. This audit using prospective data examines and compares the outcome of surgery for degenerative lumbar spine disease over a two-year period. The results allow more accurate information to be given to patients, areas of service development to be identified and changes in clinical practice to be made.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMedDate not supplied

DNA microarrays in pediatric cancer.

Childhood cancer, like all cancer, is at heart a genetic disease. Consequently, fundamental understanding of the oncogenic process is likely to be beneficially addressed by genetic methodology. Current methods have largely focused on single-gene defects, like chimeric genes, which are present in many sarcomas and leukemias. Real understanding is more likely to derive from a genome-wide analysis of these malignancies. Recent technologic advances have made it possible to simultaneously assess the entire expressed gene profile, or transcriptome, of a given cancer. Foremost among these methods is gene expression profiling using DNA microarrays. Two basic approaches predominate: spotted arrays and photolithography arrays. Regardless of the method, the resulting information can be used to create disease profiles, but only if appropriate bioinformatic solutions are employed. Common analytic approaches include two-way expression comparisons, or scatter analyses; outlier gene analysis, to identify significantly dysregulated genes; dendrogram analyses, as pioneered by Eisen; cluster analyses to identify diagnostic or biologic groups; and various forms of functional analyses to identify relevant genes and biologic pathways. Studies of both adult and pediatric cancer have demonstrated the feasibility of such analyses to identify both diagnostic and prognostic groups of tumors. Acute childhood leukemias have been grouped into myelogenous and lymphoid, and even B- and T-cell subsets. Breast cancer prognostic groups have been identified on the basis of a small subset of expressed genes. In addition, preliminary data on childhood sarcomas appear to identify both diagnostic and prognostic subsets. Specifically, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma could be distinguished from alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, and even morphologically mixed embryonal and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma showed similar gene expression profiles in both histologies. Further, collaborative studies using clustering analyses appear to identify prognostic groups of diverse sarcomas. Larger institutional and cooperative group studies are currently underway to validate these preliminary findings.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

United front--veterinary and medical collaboration.

Four cases of concomitant animal and human Salmonellosis were investigated. Liaison took place between veterinary, public health medical and environmental health professionals. An epidemiological association between veterinary and medical disease outbreaks was established following cases in a dairy unit, a poultry unit, a calf rearing unit and one pig and dairy unit (on the same farm). In three cases clinical disease in animals preceded clinical disease in humans while in the fourth case, the poultry unit, salmonella isolations from poultry carcasses coincided with clinical salmonellosis in a human working with the live poultry. Important epidemiological factors are identified. The problems of delay in seeking veterinary advice, compartmentalisation of veterinary and medical practices, and the benefits of direct collaboration between veterinary and medical professionals in the event of a diagnosis of salmonellosis in animals and/or humans are highlighted. A collaborative reporting and liaison model is proposed.

Adolescent↗