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Biomedical subjects

J Buchwald

Publications and source records attributed to J Buchwald.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

[Intraoperative complications in the implantation of permanent pacemakers].

Intraoperative complications occurring during 2323 pacemaker implantations were analysed. The most frequent complications were arrhythmias in the form of ventricular fibrillation and asystole. Ventricular perforation with the stimulatory probe was observed in 0.21%. Vascular lesions, pneumothorax and pulmonary arterial embolism were extremely rare complications. The intraoperative mortality of all operations, done within 11 years, was 0.13%.

Humans↗
PubMed1983

Eyeblink conditioning deficits in the old cat.

Acquisition of a conditioned eyeblink reflex was studied in aged cats 10-23 years old and young cats one to three years old. All ten young cats became conditioned within 1,000 trials, after a mean of 270 trials, with a stimulus protocol including a 1500 msec 4 kHz tone CS+ followed by a shock unconditioned stimulus, and click CS-. Nine of 15 aged cats failed to become conditioned with 1,000 trials. Six old cats became conditioned after a mean of 522 trials. Four aged cats tested with a simpler protocol involving a 400 msec CS+ and no click CS- became conditioned with less than 500 trials. All retained the conditioned response when clicks were added to the 400 msec CS+. Three aged animals which failed to become conditioned with the 1500 msec CS+ and clicks were trained with an 800 msec CS+ without clicks. Only one became conditioned within 500 trials. Thus duration of the tone CS+ was critically important for acquisition of a conditioned eyeblink response by aged cats.

Aging↗
PubMed1983

Binaural interaction in auditory brainstem responses of mentally retarded and nonretarded individuals.

The short-latency auditory brainstem responses of institutionalized mentally retarded individuals (Down syndrome and unknown etiology) and nonretarded control persons were recorded. The results showed that retarded individuals differed in the clarity of initial auditory brainstem response waves (I and II). Down syndrome individuals had significantly smaller auditory brainstem response amplitudes (Waves II and III) when compared with retarded individuals of unknown etiology. Down syndrome individuals also had significantly shorter latencies (Waves III and V) and shorter interwave conduction times (III-I and V-I) when compared with retarded individuals of unknown etiology. Retarded individuals did not differ from control subjects when amplitudes of binaural auditory brainstem responses were compared to the computer summation of such responses evoked by left and right ear stimulation; however, there was evidence for a general binaural interaction effect.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Auditory brainstem evoked responses in autistic children.

Auditory brainstem evoked responses (ABRs) were studied in 16 autistic children. Three children had severe delays in wave I latency, indicating defective functioning of the peripheral auditory pathway. The remaining subjects also had delayed wave I latency but only for right ear stimulation at the lowest stimulus intensity. Eight autistic children (and no control subjects) had ABR transmission time values 3 SDs beyond the normal mean, suggesting auditory processing defects peripheral to or within the brainstem auditory pathway. These findings (1) may have no causal relationship to the child's autistic handicaps, (2) may represent distortions in auditory input that impair the learning of language, and (3) may reflect an earlier state in which abnormal input directly caused maldevelopment of forebrain systems necessary for language and cognitive function.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Auditory brainstem responses in the aged cat.

Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were compared in young adult and aged cats. Mean thresholds for click-evoked ABRs were greater in the aged cats. Clicks normalized to 15 and 30 dB above individual thresholds at rates of 10, 20, 50 and 100/sec evoked ABRs with similar latencies and central conduction times in both groups. Background noise at equal intensity for all cats completely suppressed ABRs evoked by clicks 30 dB above threshold in 2/3 of the young but none of the old cats. As rise time of a 25 msec noise burst at equal intensity for all cats increased 1, 2, 5, and 10 msec, latency of wave 4 increased more for the old cats than for the young. Summed monaural ABRs from both ears were greater than binaural ABRs for waves 4 and 5 in both groups. These data indicate peripheral auditory dysfunction in aged cats but little abnormality in auditory brainstem transmission with click intensity normalized for ABR threshold.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

[Reconstruction of oesophageal passage in extended stenosis of cervical oesophago-gastrostomy].

This case report demonstrates possibilities of cooperation between thoracic surgeon and head and neck surgeon in extended stenoses after plastic oesophagus procedures. For reconstruction of the oesophagus passage it is necessary to institute reconstructive measures with the appropriate flap plastics in several stages. Localizing the stenosis of anastomoses in the thoracic cavity requires a large trough-shaped removal of the sternum to protect the supra-aortal vessels as well as to form a gastrostoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Auditory brain stem response abnormalities in severely and profoundly retarded adults.

The auditory brain stem evoked responses (ABRs) of two groups of retarded adults (Down's syndrome and retarded of unknown etiology) were compared with those of a group of non-retarded control subjects as a function of changes in stimulus repetition rate and stimulus intensity. The absence of ABRs at the highest stimulus intensity suggested profound hearing deficits in one or both ears of 4 Down's syndrome and 2 unknown-etiology subjects. Other abnormalities were noted in particular individuals of each group of retarded. In addition, the ABRs of the Down's group as a whole showed a significant pattern of abnormalities. The intervals between peaks I and II and III and IV were shorter than normal white the IV--V interval was prolonged. Wave V also showed abnormally small latency increases at fast click rates. The ABRs of the unknown-etiology group showed a shortened III--IV interval and a prolongation of the IV--V interval, but were otherwise not significantly different from the normal controls. These data suggest a high incidence of hearing loss in both diagnostic categories studies, and abnormal functioning of the auditory brain stem pathway in the Down's syndrome group as a whole.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1979

The first pelvic examination: helping students cope with their emotional reactions.

The author has conducted seminars with small groups of medical students beginning their training on an obstetrics and gynecology service. Six characteristic responses of students to performing their first pelvic examination are described. Within the framework of the seminar discussion, an attempt is made to help the students cope with those reactions that could impair their ability to perform competent gynecological examinations.

Emotions↗
PubMed1977

[Etiology and diagnosis of thoracic kidney (author's transl)].

Intrathoracic mass lesions revealed on routine chest-x-rays may represent high renal ectopia. This is particularly true in cases of dorso-basal location and in the absence of symptoms. On a case herein reported the value of excretory urography as important diagnostic procedure is demonstrated. The significance of angiographic features for etiological classification will be discussed. A comprehensive review of the relevant literature is given.

Adult↗