Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Bruna

Publications and source records attributed to J Bruna.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Chyle leakage after blunt trauma.

Three patients developed chylous leakage after major blunt trauma. In one patient with non-remitting right-sided chylothorax, lymphangioscintigraphy as well as conventional oil contrast lymphography demonstrated disruption of the thoracic duct at the aortic hiatus which eventually required transpleural mediastinal ductal ligation proximal to the fistula. The other two patients had chylous retroperitoneum and/or chylous peritoneum which was self-limited although one patient (a three-year-old boy) died of multiorgan failure from associated pulmonary contusions and cervical spine injuries. Chylous leak after non-penetrating trauma is usually attributed to hyperflexion-extension of the vertebral column with shearing of tethered lymphatics. Alternatively, sudden compression of lipemic and engorged mesenteric lymphatics, adjacent nodes and the lower thoracic duct aggravated by deformations associated with stretching and tearing motions may also directly disrupt chyle-containing lymphatics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Evaluation of the size of the spleen using computer tomography].

The authors describe the examination, diagnostic possibilities and difficulties associated with the diagnosis of the spleen by means of computed tomography. The finding obtained by computed tomography is evaluated as splenomegaly when two of the three main dimension are greater than the maximal values reported, or when the lienal index is higher than 440. From the practical aspect the decision on splenomegaly is facilitated by the position of the anterior margin of the spleen in relation to the medioaxillary line. Splenomegaly is the most frequent pathological finding on the spleen. The authors give an account of causes of splenomegaly and their own experience with the diagnosis of anomalies, cystic processes, tumours, injuries and obstructions of the lienal vessels.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

The value of lymphography in the tumour diagnostic--the comparison lymphography with computerized tomography.

The main indications for lymphography by oncological patients are primary or secondary lymph node tumours. CT also became very useful in these cases. In this study the results of lymphography and computed tomography were compared in 100 patients with lymph node tumours. An absolute concurrence of both methods was found in only one half of the material. In 18% lymphography was clearly positive and CT negative. In 6% CT was positive while lymphography was negative. In 25% CT yielded important extra useful information. Lymphography and CT complement each other. Both methods are about equal in terms of sensitivity and reliability. CT is the basic method to be performed invariably prior to lymphography.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Computed tomography of bones and joints.

The monograph sums up the problem of CT diagnosis of bones and joints making use of predominantly the authors' own experience based on CT tests of more than 45,000 patients examined at the Department of Radiology, Charles University Medical Faculty of Hygiene teaching hospital in Prague in the years 1980-1988. Specific scans of the skeleton were made in 4,500 patients, mostly for suspicion or closer assessment of neoplasms (43.5%), the radicular lumbosacral syndrome (34.5%), and injuries (12%). The opening chapters sum up basic facts about the principle of computed tomography, the apparatus in use, the evaluation of CT images, CT radiation doses, and the patients' preparation for CT scanning. The use of contrast media is discussed with regard to the possible hazards involved and to the need to hear allergological opinion first. For spinal canal visualization non-ionogenic contrast media are used exclusively. The management of side reactions to contrast medium application is also reviewed. Indications for bone and joint computed tomography now comprise a whole series of traumatological, orthopaedic, oncological, rheumatological, neurological and rehabilitation conditions, each of which is discussed in detail in a separate chapter. CT anatomical studies offer the advantage of being applicable even in patients examined for other than bone or articular diseases. The option of simultaneous soft tissue assessment represents another advantage. The authors describe different anatomical structures in terms of CT images, some of them complete with dimensional and density values. The chapter on anomalies and developmental variants stresses the relevance of computed tomography for precise characteristics of clefts of the spinal column and facial bones and for the diagnosis of anomalies and dysplasias of the spinal column and the chest. A rare case of cephalothoracopagus is demonstrated. As for traumatology, computed tomography is found useful in diagnosing fractures of the orbit and facial bones in general, the atlas, axis and pelvis and in tracing vertebral fragments displaced into the spinal canal. Computed tomography occupies a monopoly position in the diagnosis of post-injury haematomas of intracranial but also thoracic, pelvic and abdominal localization. There is a wealth of illustrations to document a wide range of traumatic conditions. The chapter on degenerative diseases is focused mainly on computed tomography in the lumbosacral radicular syndrome, one of the most frequent and also most effective indications for CT. Protrusion and herniation of the intervertebral disk and sequestra in the spinal canal are all absolute indications for CT scanning where surgical treatment is contemplated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Arthrography↗
PubMed1989

Computed tomography of the spleen.

Computed tomography is a very useful method in the diagnosis of splenopathy--any anomalies, inflammatory, neoplastic as well as traumatic states of the spleen. Although these processes are not too frequent, their correct determination is an important part of radiodiagnosis. Computed tomography is so far the best method used for the identification of the congenital varieties of the spleen that may be mistaken, in another examination, for a pathological process of an adjacent organ. In the study a total of 185 pathological spleen findings was evaluated. These were obtained from the total of 18,960 CT examinations of the abdomen. The most frequent finding was splenomegaly (69.2%), less frequent were haematomas and splenic cysts (12.4%) and congenital varieties of the spleen (8.1%). Sporadically, splenic infarction (2.7%), thrombosis of the splenic vein (3.8%), tumour (2.2%) and splenic abscess (1.6%) were demonstrated.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Computer tomography in the differential diagnosis of edema of the extremities].

Computer tomography provides valuable information for differentiating some cases of extremity edemas of acute and chronic venostatic origin and lymphedema--primary and secondary, in malignant processes. The paper presents graphic representation of individual kinds of changes and observed densities in 33 patients.

Extremities↗
PubMed1989

[Detection of changes using computer tomography in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes].

In 28 newly discovered diabetic patients of 2nd type (non-insulin-dependent diabetics), computer tomography was used to determine the density of pancreas and kidneys, densities of liver, spleen and blood in abdominal aorta and to follow the occurrence of further pathological changes in the above mentioned tissues. The results were correlated with laboratory findings. The following changers were found: decreased density of pancreas (29.4 H) and liver (49.1 H) and increased density of spleen (56.3 H) and blood in abdominal aorta (43.7 H). The decreased density of pancreas appears to be connected with disorder of lipoprotein metabolism. The decreased liver density was related to increased energy intake in the food and overweight, evaluated by the Broc's index. Other findings of computer tomography in the newly discovered diabetics of 2nd type (changes in the size of pancreas, kidney, kidney cyst, nephrolithiasis, sclerotic plaques on aorta) were not significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Examination of the injured spleen using computer tomography].

In blunt abdominal injury the most frequently injured organ is the spleen. A rapid and precise diagnosis of an injured spleen is therefore of great importance for early and correct therapeutic procedure. The authors present a group of 56 patients, who have been examined in the 1981-1987 years after blunt injuries of the belly by computer tomography. In 12 cases there was the diagnosis of subcapsular haematoma of the spleen, intraparenchymatous rupture was present in eight patients. In the remaining 36 cases the trauma of abdominal organs was not confirmed. All findings were verified by surgery or a control computer tomography and clinical examination of the patients. The authors demonstrate typical traumatic conditions. Computer tomography is a very useful method which enables a rapid, precise and non-invasive diagnosis of different degree of the spleen injury, its possible complications and differentiates these conditions from uninjured spleen. The authors present a brief survey of pictures of injured spleen in other methods of examination. In comparison with those methods, computer tomography is the most effective one, which provides a complex information of other organs of abdominal cavity. It also enables a considerate examination of patients severely injured and in non-cooperating ones.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Oil contrast lymphography and respiratory function.

We reviewed our experience with direct oil contrast lymphography for pulmonary complications in more than 1500 lymphangiograms done since 1969. The vast majority of patients showed little subjective or objective (chest x-ray, pulmonary function test, and gas exchange) evidence of oil embolization even in those with mild to moderate cardiopulmonary disease. In 1% there was evidence on chest x-ray 24 hours after lymphography of tiny patchy infiltrates consistent with oil emboli. Although the indications for oil contrast lymphography have been sharply restricted with availability of newer imaging methods, it is nonetheless a safe and well-tolerated procedure even in patients with mild to moderate pulmonary dysfunction.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Determination of thresholds of external cardiac pacing during anesthesia].

The efficacy of transcutaneous pacing was studied in 33 patients during general anaesthesia. The temporary pacing was effective in all cases. Stimulation thresholds ranged from 85 to 150 mA (mean : 110 +/- 17). In all 33 patients, external pacing was effective in producing a pulse without significantly reducing arterial pressure. Stimulation thresholds were only influenced by electrode position; age, weight, thoracic diameter and cardiothoracic ratio did not have any effect on them. No adverse effects of transcutaneous pacing were recorded. Transcutaneous pacing can be an alternative to transvenous right ventricular endocardiac pacing in the operating room in some circumstances.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

CT findings in the vertebral column in the radicular lumbosacral syndrome.

An analysis of the CT findings in 150 patients with the radicular lumbosacral syndrome showed that 98 of them (65.3%) were suffering from intervertebral disc prolapse or protrusion. In 44 of these patients the finding of a prolapsed disc was combined with major spondylarthrosis while 20 others had marked spondylarthrosis or spondylosis with no apparent disc prolapse. Other findings included metastatic destruction of the vertebra (4 cases), fractured vertebra (2 cases), osteoid osteoma (1 case), and discitis (1 case). Slight or major asymmetry was found in 94 per cent, and a high incidence (38.8%) of the atypical rotatable type of intervertebral articulation was noted. The high percentage seems to confirm the hypothesis, according to which the rotatable type of intervertebral union is one of the predisposing factors for the development of the radicular lumbosacral syndrome.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Lymphography, computed tomography and ultrasonic examination in determining the involvement of retroperitoneal and abdominal lymph nodes in Hodgkin's disease].

Altogether 45 patients with Hodgkin's disease were examined with the help of lymphography (LG), computerized tomography (CT) and ultrasonography (USG). The LG, CT and USG results obtained in 20 patients were compared with the histological findings. The retroperitoneal lymph nodes contrasted in LG, when involved in a pathological process, were detected with approximately the same accuracy in CT and USG. The abdominal lymph nodes undiscernible on lymphograms, were visualized in CT and USG, the sensitivity of USG was higher than that of CT. An optimum scheme for examination of patients with Hodgkin's disease with USG as the chief method was proposed. CT and LG are conducted depending on USG results and a clinical picture of disease.

Abdomen↗