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J Brown

Publications and source records attributed to J Brown.

At least 955 records · Page 53Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

HLA-DR and HLA-A, B, C typing of human fetal tissue.

In anticipation of clinical trials of fetal pancreas transplantation we have investigated the feasibility of performing HLA-DR and HLA-A, B, C typing on fetal lymphoid cells other than PBL. Using the standard NIH microcytotoxicity test modified for HLA-DR typing it was possible to demonstrate HLA-DR antigens on subpopulations of bone marrow cells and splenocytes but not on thymocytes or hepatocytes. In contrast, HLA-A, B, C antigens could be detected on all four tissues. Excellent HLA-DR typing, confirmed by maternal typing, was obtained for 19 fetuses (14 to 23 weeks old) using bone marrow cells isolated by two-fold purification on discontinuous Percoll buoyant density gradients. Similar purification of splenocytes resulted in weak reactions with anti-DR sera; however, adherent splenocytes recovered from nylon wool columns proved to be primarily DR-bearing and also provided excellent DR typing. As a corollary to these results, non-adhering splenocytes depleted of DR-bearing cells were ideal for HLA-A, B, C typing since spurious reactions due to DR antigens were greatly diminished, whereas strong specific reactions were obtained with anti-HLA-A, B, C sera. Despite weaker reactions with HLA-A, B, C antisera obtained for thymocytes, reliable HLA-A, B, C typing could be obtained when results from thymocytes were evaluated together with typing from bone marrow cells or splenocytes. The possible benefits of fetal HLA typing for fetal pancreas transplantation are discussed.

Bone Marrow↗
PubMed1983

Effect of neonatal complications in premature infants on early parent-infant interactions.

A total of 184 infants in a neonatal intensive care unit with birthweights less than 1501 g were rated daily on a Morbidity Scale covering the 20 most common diseases and pathophysiological states in neonatology, the severity of each condition being rated on a scale of 0 to 3. To measure the impact of various degrees of complications on parental caretaking style, 20 infants with serious medical complications were paired with 20 infants who had a comparatively easy medical course. Both groups were observed during maternal visits to the hospital and again during a feeding three months after discharge home. Sick infants showed significantly less motor movements when ill but after recovery were similar to well infants of the same age. Parents visiting sick infants interacted far less with their infants than did parents of well babies, and this continued after recovery. It also persisted at home two months after the expected date of delivery. In addition, mothers whose infants had been seriously ill for less than 17 days interacted with them significantly more than mothers whose babies had been ill for over 35 days. While maternal background variables predicted the level of maternal activity with the comparatively well infants and those with short illnesses, they did not do so in the group of infants with long illnesses.

Female↗
PubMed1983

Non-consummation of marriage treated by members of the Institute of Psychosexual Medicine: a prospective study.

A prospective study of the treatment of unconsummated marriage was carried out by 16 doctors trained by the Institute of Psychosexual Medicine. This training stresses the development of skills in using the doctor/patient interaction therapeutically, rather than in the acquisition of knowledge. The 159 couples admitted to the study had a mean duration of symptoms of 4.2 years; 60% of them had consummated by 6 months and 72% by 24 months. Other improvements in sexual function occurred even among those failing to consummate; 135 couples had previously consulted 253 other agents. The average cumulative length of treatment at the 6-month review was 3 h. Partners attending alone did as well as couples who attended together.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Obesity, serum cholesterol, and estrogens in premenopausal women.

Creatinine-adjusted levels of estrone, estradiol, and estriol were determined in luteal phase urine specimens of 200 premenopausal women from rural areas of Greece. The relation of each estrogen to height, weight, obesity index, and serum cholesterol was studied by multiple regression, controlling for age, age at menarche, and ovulation status (ovulation, anovulation, undetermined). No consistent relation between any of the somatometric variables and any of the urine estrogens emerged from the statistical analysis, but among older women (30-40 years old) both estrone and estradiol were positively associated with serum cholesterol (p less than 0.05). The data provide no support for the hypothesis that the relationship between body weight and breast cancer risk is mediated through an influence of body weight on estrogen levels--at least in premenopausal women. On the other hand the data on serum cholesterol levels are consonant with the idea that qualitative aspects of nutrition may affect breast cancer risk among older (e.g., postmenopausal) women.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Normalization of six key hepatic enzymes after fetal pancreas transplantation in diabetic rats.

In diabetic rats transplanted with fetal pancreata we measured the activities of six important enzymes to assess the return of liver metabolism to normal. Comparison was made among the responses of transplanted rats with and without renal-portal vein shunts and of those not transplanted and injected with insulin in varying doses. Insulin supply was not limited since three or four fetal pancreata were first grown in normal rats before transfer into the diabetic animals. Transplantation normalized blood and urine glucose and the rate of disappearance of intravenous glucose. Glucokinase and pyruvate kinase activities in liver rose toward normal at 7 days after transplantation and reached normal levels at 30 and 90 days. The response of the other four enzymes, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, citric lyase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphatase, was more rapidly restored to normal at 7 days and remained normal at 30 and 90 days. No difference was observed in the enzyme activities of transplanted-shunted rats to nonshunted animals. Glucokinase activity was restored to normal after 1 wk of daily injections of 1 U of PZI; pyruvate kinase restoration required 3 U/day. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and citric lyase required 2 U/day to be restored to normal; 3 U daily resulted in temporary supernormal activities. The gluconeogenic enzymes, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase, were only partially suppressed toward normal by insulin even with 3 U daily for 3 wk. These findings indicate that pancreas transplantation is a more effective regulator of liver metabolism in diabetes than insulin injections.

ATP Citrate (pro-S)-Lyase↗
PubMed1983

Marek's disease virus-induced transient paralysis: clinical and electrophysiologic findings in susceptible and resistant lines of chickens.

Results of neurologic examination, EEG, and motor nerve conduction velocity quantitation were analyzed in a line of chickens susceptible to Marek's disease virus-induced transient paralysis and compared with findings in a resistant line. Both lines were evaluated on the day before virus inoculation (day 1; base line) and on days 12 and 19. The susceptible birds frequently became depressed and paretic on day 11 or 12 and then recovered, and the resistant line rarely was affected clinically. The EEG of clinically affected birds from the susceptible line correlated well with the clinical course of the disease. Electroencephalographic abnormalities were absent in these birds at base line, evident at 12 days, and had remitted when they were reevaluated on day 19. The pattern in these clinically affected birds was predominantly low voltage-fast activity with frequent spikes. In contrast, the EEG recorded in resistant birds remained essentially the same throughout the study. Mean motor nerve conduction velocity values for the 2 lines of birds did not differ significantly when compared either between or within groups. These findings indicate that Marek's disease virus-induced transient paralysis may be an inflammatory encephalopathy.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Acepromazine-xylazine combination in dogs: antagonism with 4-aminopyridine and yohimbine.

Groups of fasted atropinized crossbred dogs of both sexes were injected IM with a standard dosage of a xylazine-acepromazine combination (2.2 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg, respectively). Righting reflex was uniformly lost and considered to be the point of maximum sedation. After maximal sedation, dogs were injected IV with 4-amino-pyridine (4-AP, 0.5 mg/kg), yohimbine (0.25 mg/kg), or a combination of 4-AP and yohimbine. Controls were given (IV) 1 ml of saline solution. The 4-AP, yohimbine, and 4-AP + yohimbine significantly reduced walk times (time to arousal and ability to walk on a leash) from a control value of 43.1 minutes to 7.6, 4.4, and 1.9 minutes, respectively (P less than 0.05). Relapse to unconsciousness did not occur with any antagonist regimen and recovery was uneventful. In 3 dogs sedated with the xylazine-acepromazine combination supplemented with halothane having surgically placed cannulas and electrodes for measurement of electroencephalo-, electrocardio-, and electromyographic (EEG, ECG, and EMG) responses, arterial blood pressure, and respiratory rates and depth, IV injection of 4-AP + yohimbine caused transient femoral arterial hypotension with tachycardia, increases in respiratory rate, depth, and minute volume, increased EMG and EEG activities preceding and accompanying gross movements, slight speeding of ECG, and behavioral arousal within 3 minutes. Increased heart rate also was observed in intact dogs given yohimbine. Increased rate and depth of respiration also was seen in all intact dogs given antagonists. Curiously, the xylazine-acepromazine combination did not induce arterial hypotension as expected from the product literature. To what extent pretreatment with atropine sulfate may have counteracted this effect is unknown.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

4-Aminopyridine↗
PubMed1982

Intradermal use of human diploid cell vaccine for preexposure rabies immunizations.

In a study involving 240 faculty, students, and staff at the University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine, 0.1 ml of a rabies human diploid cell vaccine administered intradermally on days 0, 7, and 28 induced adequate rabies antibody (greater than or equal to 0.5 IU/ml of serum) in all subjects by day 49. There were no significant differences in mean titers between groups of individuals with different rabies immunization histories by using a newly proposed index system for reporting such titers. It was shown that if there was a titer on the day the initial dose was given, it had no bearing on the titer 49 days later. Less than 1% of all the injections resulted in severe reactions, ie, muscular pain, headache, or pain at the site of injection. It was concluded that intradermal use of a low dose of rabies human diploid cell vaccine will induce adequate antibody titers in persons at risk to rabies.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Age at menarche, urine estrogens and breast cancer risk.

In 511 nulliparous women aged 15-19 years and 347 aged 30-39, an analysis has been undertaken of the relationship of urine concentrations of the three principal estrogens to age, age at menarche and Quetelet's index of adiposity. The analysis was undertaken by means of multiple regression, controlling for each of the 12 centers from which the data originated, as well as for the other study variables. In the younger women, age was strongly and positively related to concentrations of E1 and E2 and less so to E3. In the age group 30-39, follicular phase specimens showed positive relationships with age for all three fractions but luteal specimens did not. Age at menarche showed inverse relationships to levels of E1 and E2 which were significant in the younger but not in the older age group. The associations of estrogens with Quetelet's index were weak and not statistically significant. The data suggest that women whose menarche occurs early not only have a longer duration of exposure to estrogens during years which are probably important in the initiation of breast cancer but, in addition, their exposures are at a higher level during those years and probably at later ages also. These observations support the hypothesis that the mechanism of the association of early menarche with breast cancer risk is via the association of both with estrogen stimulus.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1982

Age at menarche, probability of ovulation and breast cancer risk.

An analysis is undertaken of the frequency of ovulation in 17 groups of women aged 15 to 19 who had been the subjects of other studies. A urine specimen of at least 8 h accumulation had been provided on the 20th or 21st day of a menstrual cycle by 681 women. Analysis is restricted to 431 specimens which had been collected between 11 and 3 days prior to the onset of the subsequent menstrual period. A pregnanediol concentration of less than 1 mg per litre in such a specimen was taken as evidence that the cycle was anovular. The probability of a cycle being anovular was inversely and significantly related to the number of years since menarche, and, with years since menarche held constant, was positively but not significantly associated with age at menarche. This observation indicates that women with early menarche do not have a longer duration of exposure to anovular cycles than do those whose menarche is delayed, and that variation in the duration of exposure to post-menarcheal anovular cycles does not explain the association of breast cancer risk with early age at menarche. The 17 groups of women were classified into four categories according to ethnic origin and breast cancer incidence in the populations from which they derived. Anovular cycles were not more common in the high-risk groups; indeed, the two centers in the lowest risk category had the highest proportion of anovular cycles.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

Lidocaine in the treatment of tinnitus aurium. A double-blind study.

Available reports suggest that lidocaine is capable of relieving symptoms of tinnitus, but no convincing data support this conclusion. By use of a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study we found that 19 out of 26 patients with subjective tinnitus reported that their tinnitus was temporarily better or gone with intravenous (IV) lidocaine and that there was no change with IV saline.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗