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Biomedical subjects

J Brohult

Publications and source records attributed to J Brohult.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Malaria and haemoglobin A2 levels in northern Liberia.

The influence of malaria on HbA2 levels was investigated in two groups of children aged two to nine years from the Mano tribe of northern Liberia. One group, 174 children living in a town where there is malaria control, had a parasite rate of 6.5%, only a few having palpable spleens, but 282 children living in an area of intense malaria transmission had a parasite rate of 92%. All but one child in this group had enlarged spleens. However, the difference in proportions of elevated HbA2 values within the limits for beta-thalassaemia, 8% and 10.3% respectively, was not statistically significant (0.5 greater than P greater than 0.1). It was concluded that the influence of malaria on HbA2 levels is not significant and that this parameter is valid for detecting beta-thalassaemia trait in this population. Further, iron deficiency may be a more important factor than malaria to consider when assessing the results of HbA2 estimations.

Child↗
PubMed1979

A pocket of controlled malaria in a holoendemic region of West Africa.

Yekepa, a mining town in northern Liberia, has been built entirely since 1960 and now has a population of 16 000 inhabitants including 1500 expatriates. Although situated in a holoendemic region with constant human movements in and out of the town, the mining company has succeeded in controlling malaria in Yekepa. Furthermore, there is a constant threat of the vector in the close surroundings to the town. Control is maintained by regular residual insecticide sprayings with DDT, regular larviciding with fuel oil and fortnightly issue of amodiaquine chemoprophylactic to all workers. A Malariometric survey showed that the spleen and parasite rates were 11% and 13% respectively in the controlled areas and 95% and 67% respectively in surrounding regions not subjected to control measures. The dominant malaria parasite in the area was Plasmodium falciparum. No adult vectors were found in the town. In the surrounding villages the average room density of adult vectors was 3.8 and the sporozoite rate in a village very close to the town was 9.2%. The dominant vector of the area was Anopheles gambiae with A. Funestusalso being present. The annual per capita cost, including all control activities, is about 4--5 US dollars.

Amodiaquine↗
PubMed1979

Habits of malaria chemoprophylaxis and an analysis of breakdowns in a West African mining town.

In a West African community approximately 80% of the non-African personnel were taking malaria prophylactics in the recommended manner. The non-takers stated that they were afraid of side-effects of the drugs and/or under-estimated the risks of the disease. During one year 123 patients with clinically suspected malaria were studied. All patients with positive slides were cured with regular dose of 1.5 g chloroquine base. No chloroquine resistance was therefore demonstrated, although 4-aminoquinoline prophylaxis had been given for almost 20 years to thousands of non-African non-immunes as well as in pregnant women and children in the town. Common reasons for 'breakdowns' were febrile disease other than malaria, false positive diagnosis and improper chemoprophylaxis.

Chloroquine↗
PubMed1979

The concentration of chloroquine in serum during short and long term malaria prophylaxis with standard and 'double' dosage in non-immunes: clinical implications.

The concentration of chloroquine in serum was analysed after one week, six weeks and one year on standard dose prophylaxis (300 mg chloroquine base once a week) and after six months on the double dose. After six weeks, the standard dose gave adequate protection against malaria. During the first weeks of prophylaxis insufficient protection might be achieved by the customary standard dose. In a double-dose group many values reached the point above which a higher incidence of side-reactions have been observed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Effect of alkoxyglycerols on the frequency of fistulas following radiation therapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

The incidence of injuries following radiation therapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix is markedly decreased by the administration of alkoxyglycerols. This is the case for less harmful injuries as well as for the more severe ones, i.e. the fistulas. Recto-vaginal and vesico-vaginal fistulas are reduced with 47 per cent when alkoxyglycerols are administered prior to radiation treatment.

Female↗
PubMed1978

Regression of tumour growth after administration of alkoxyglycerols.

A regression of tumour growth is observed when alkoxyglycerols are administered prior to radiation treatment of patient suffering from cancer of the uterine cervix. This regression has been demonstrated by a change in the quotient between the incidence of early and advanced stages.

Capsules↗
PubMed1977

Studies on alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes. Relation to gamma-glutamyltransferase and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes.

Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GT) and isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) have been studied in 282 cases with increased S-ALP and in 18 chronic alcoholics with normal routine liver tests. There was a high degree of correlation between S-GT and the bile (alpha 1) and liver (alpha 2) fractions of S-ALP. Fractionation of alkaline phosphatases sometimes yielded clinical information, which could not be obtained by determinations of S-ALP and S-GT only. The presence of alpha 1-ALP and increased S-GT appeared to be more sensitive indicators of ethanol-induced liver involvement than other liver tests, including LDH-5/LDH-4 ratios.

Alcoholism↗
PubMed1977

Effect of alkoxyglycerols on the frequency of injuries following radiation therapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix.

The incidence of injuries following intracavitary and external radiation therapy is markedly decreased in all stages of the disease by the administration of alkoxyglycerols. Complex injuries (due to radiation injury and tumour growth in combination) were reduced to about 1/3 in a group receiving alkoxyglycerols prophylactically, i.e. before, during and after radiation treatment, when compared with a control group. Using non-prophylactic administration of alkoxyglycerols, i.e. during and after radiation treatment, no effect was observed on complex injuries, while--as for the prophylactic group--the injuries due to radiation only, were significantly decreased. The use of so called "increased amount" of radium in the intracavitary irradiator was followed by an unexpectedly high incidence of radiation injuries, which was considerably reduced, however, by alkoxyglycerols, especially when administered prophylactically.

Administration, Oral↗