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Biomedical subjects

J Brice

Publications and source records attributed to J Brice.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

Anterograde but not retrograde memory loss following combined mammillary body and medial thalamic lesions.

We report the first human case of combined mammillary body and medial thalamic lesions due to focal pathology. A patient presented with a multi-lobular lesion that affected the mammillary bodies, the medial thalamus and the brain stem. On neuropsychological testing, he showed significant anterograde memory impairment, with marked impairment on delayed story recall, but normal or only mildly impaired performance on retrograde memory tasks. Our findings corroborate the results of recent non-human lesion studies and indicate that some of the well-established features of the amnesic syndrome, such as severe retrograde amnesia, may not be due to primary diencephalic pathology. Significant retrograde amnesia may result from cortical pathology or from an interaction between cortical and subcortical pathology.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Herpes simplex encephalitis: long term magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological profile.

The first comprehensive in vivo documentation of the long term profile of pathological and spared tissue is described in a group of 10 patients with a diagnosis of herpes simplex encephalitis, who were left with memory difficulties as a major residual sequel of their condition. With a dedicated MRI protocol, which included high resolution images of temporal lobe and limbic system areas, data are provided on structures that have recently gained importance as anatomical substrates for amnesia. The major features of the lesion profile were: (1) unilateral or bilateral hippocampal damage never occurred in isolation, and was often accompanied by damage to the parahippocampus, the amygdala, specific temporal lobe gyri, and the temporal poles; (2) the insula was always abnormal; (3) neocortical temporal lobe damage was usually unilateral or asymmetric. It never occurred in isolation, and was invariably associated with more medial pathological changes; (4) anterior and inferior temporal lobe gyri were damaged more often and more severely than posterior and superior temporal lobe gyri; (5) pronounced abnormality was often present in the substantia innominata (region of the basal forebrain/anterior perforated substance); (6) there was evidence of significant abnormality in the fornix; (7) there was evidence of damage to the mammillary bodies; (8) thalamic nuclei were affected in around 50% of cases, with damage usually unilateral; (9) frontal lobe damage was present in a few patients, and affected medial areas more than dorsolateral areas; (10) there was some involvement of the striatum, although this was usually unilateral and mild; (11) there was usually limited involvement of the cingulate gyrus and of the parietal and occipital lobes; (12) the cerebellum and brain stem were never damaged. Lesion covariance analysis indicated a close relation between the presence of abnormalities in temporal lobe and limbic-diencephalic regions. Unlike severe head injury, lesions in the temporal pole were not associated with the presence of lesions in the orbitofrontal cortex. Long term neuropsychological impairments were characterised by a dense amnesia in 60% of cases, and a less serve but noticeable anterograde memory impairment in the others. Naming and problem solving deficits were found in a small number of cases. Only two patients were able to return to open employment. Severity of amnesia showed a significant relation with severity of damage to medical limbic system structures such as the hippocampus, with bilateral damage being particularly important. By contrast, there was a minimal relation between memory loss and severity of damage to the thalamus, to lateral temporal lobe areas, or to the frontal lobes.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Changes in cerebral blood flow during anaesthesia and surgery in the sitting position.

Serial measurements of global cerebral blood flow (CBF) were made in 15 patients undergoing elective neurosurgical procedures in the sitting position, using a modified intravenous 133Xenon technique. The mean supine CBF rose from 43 (+/-3) ml/100g/min to 62 (+/-6) ml/100g/min in the sitting position and remained elevated at the end of surgery at 62 (+/-5) ml/100g/min. Both increases in CBF were statistically significant with respect to baseline supine values.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Two half-siblings with tuberous sclerosis, polycystic kidneys and hypertension.

Two half-brothers with tuberous sclerosis (TS) presented with polycystic kidneys in early childhood, before the classical stigmata became apparent. Their father shows no evidence of the disease. The older boys subsequently developed adenoma sebaceum at nine years and the younger boy developed infantile spasms. Hypertension occurred in both cases but neither showed evidence of renal failure. Extensive renal cyst formation in TS is rare, but when it does occur it differs from both infantile and adult-type polycystic disease. TS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of renal enlargement, haematuria and hypertension in childhood.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1980

Suppression of intention tremor by contingent deep-brain stimulation.

Severe intention tremor of the upper limb was suppressed in three patients with multiple sclerosis by stimulation in the contralateral midbrain and basal ganglia with stereotactically placed bipolar electrodes. Permanent electrodes were implanted in two patients. The therapeutic effects of stimulation have in part been maintained, without any change in electrical threshold, throughout the period of observation (six months).

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The impact of chronic asthma on the developing child: observations made in a group setting.

Fourteen asthmatic children between 11 and 14 years of age participated in weekly group discussion sessions for nine months. The purposes were to allow open discussion about asthma, to mutually educate the children and staff about the medical and social implications of their disease and to give the patients a chance to deal with adults without fear of reprimand or betrayal of trust. Anger, envy, fear, sadness and guilt were the emotions predominant in the sessions. Group sessions may offer a further modality in the total care of the asthmatic child.

Adolescent↗