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Biomedical subjects

J Bray

Publications and source records attributed to J Bray.

51 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Fc receptor-bearing peripheral blood mononuclear cells in breast cancer patients: a possible marker of tumour burden and prognosis.

Indirect immunofluorescence was used to identify and quantitate peripheral blood mononuclear (PBM) cells possessing high avidity Fc receptors in 105 patients upon referral to the breast cancer clinic at the Cross Cancer Institute. The cell detected was shown to be a non-adherent PBM, probably belonging to the T or null cell population. The mean percentage +/- 2 standard deviations of PBM-positive cells in 75 patients with no disease or benign breast disease was 5.3 +/- ;6.7, and this was significantly (P less than 0.001) less than the percentage found for 31 patients with breast cancer. The percentage of PBM-positive cells correlated directly with tumour burden in patient with small (less than or equal to 5 cm) tumours without regional node or extranodal metastases (5/13 had greater than or equal to 12% positive PBM) and in those with small tumours plus regional node metastases, but without extranodal metastases (8/10 had greater than or equal to 12% positive PBM). This correlation was less, however, in patients with large tumours (greater than 5 cm), and in those with extranodal metastases (4/8 had greater than or equal to 12% positive PBM), and in patients tested postoperatively (1/13 had greater than or equal to 12% positive PBM) even though 6!13 had regional node metastases at the time of surgery. Thus, this relatively simple assay, which can be done on peripheral blood samples, may turn out to be useful in patients with breast cancer as a prognostic marker insofar as it may be an indirect indicator of tumour burden preoperatively. If so, it may lead to a more aggressive postoperative adjuvant therapy approach to the subpopulation of node-negative PBM-positive breast cancer patients than is currently used for node-negative patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Use of a synthetic hapten in the demonstration of the Thomsen-Friedenreich (T) antigen on neuraminidase-treated human red blood cells and lymphocytes.

Using an artificial T hapten, we have confirmed that human sera contain agglutinins for neuraminidase-treated red blood cells (N'RBC), specific for the disaccharide beta DGal(1 leads to 3)alpha DGalNAc. Further, we have shown that these agglutinins are antibodies largely of the IgM subclass that bind equally to neuraminidase-treated lymphocytes (N'lymphocytes). The anti-T antibody in human serum is cytotoxic for N'RBC in complement fixation assays. The synthetic hapten has biologic activity as shown in inhibition experiments and by the specificity of a rabbit antibody raised to the hapten for the naturally occurring antigen on N'RBC and N'lymphocytes. An immunoadsorbent prepared from the hapten was used to obtain biologically active antibodies from human serum with specificity for the naturally occurring antigen.

Agglutinins↗
PubMed1979

The characterisation of Fc receptors on cells from the metrial gland of the pregnant rat uterus.

Using an EA rosetting technique on cells from the rat metrial gland at days 12--15 of pregnancy, approximately 30% of the cells were found to possess immunoglobulin (Fc) receptors. At dat 14 a comparison was made between cells from the metrial gland and cells from the peritoneal exudate; binding affinity of each for homologous and heterologous immunoglobulins was assessed by the resulting inhibition of rosette formation. Cells from the metrial gland were inhibited to a greater degree than cells from the peritoneal exudate by low concentrations of rabbit, human and rat immunoglobulin. The Fc receptors observed on cells from the metrial gland show some resemblance to those described by other workers on yolk sac cells and certain foetal placental cells, but their function is at present unknown.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The demonstration of cells bearing Fc receptors in the metrial gland of the pregnant rat uterus.

Cells obtained by collagenase treatment of metrial gland tissue from rats of day 12, 13, 14 and 15 of pregnancy were examined for the presence of surface membrane receptors for immunoglobulin (Fc receptors). Using an EA rosetting technique in which sheep red blood cells (SRBC) were sensitized with a rabbit anti-SRBC immunoglobulin preparation, Fc receptors were found on a proportion of the cells. The majority of the granulated metrial gland cells were not included in the rosetting cell population, suggesting that they do not possess the type of Fc receptor detected by this method. A comparison was made between results obtained when cells were counted in suspension and those obtained from cell counts on sections of fixed material. Both methods were found to yield similar results.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Subpopulations of multiparous rat lymph-node cells cytotoxic for rat tumour cells and capable of suppressing cytotoxicity in vitro.

Lymph-node cells (LNC) from multiparous pregnant rats were separated on columns prepared from nylon wool, and tested for cytotoxicity against target tumour cells. Reactivity of LNC towards hepatoma D23 and mammary carcinoma AAF57 was demonstrated in cell populations retained on the nylon wool, and not with cells eluted from the column. Although only 25% of the samples of unfractionated LNC were cytotoxic for tumour cells, retained cell fractions were cytotoxic in 11 out of 12 tests (p = less than 0.05). Similarly retained LNC were also cytotoxic for 15-day-old embryo cells but not for normal adult rat fibroblasts. Using multiparous rat serum it was shown that the reactivity of the retained LNC population could be abrogated in eight out of 11 tests (p = less than 0.05). The LNC population recovered from the nylon wool constituted 28 to 35% of the original LNC preparation, and consisted of 60-70% Ig-bearing cells together with a subpopulation of cells responding to soluble PHA. Separation of multiparous LNC on glass beads coated with rat Ig and then rabbit anti-rat Ig (in excess) also demonstrated the retained cell population to be cytotoxic against tumour cells. Approximately 17-20% of the original cell population was recovered from cells retained on the column, and consisted of an enriched Ig-bearing cell population (65-80% Ig-bearing cells) and LNC responsive to PHA. Carbonyl iron treatment of multiparous rat LNC was found to remove detectable cytotoxicity from multiparous rat LNC preparations. The cytotoxicity of multiparous rat LNC retained on nylon wool was also abolished following incubation with carbonyl iron. Definite conclusions as to the nature of the effector cell cannot be drawn from this test, since carbonyl iron treatment was found to remove not only phagocytic cells from LNC preparations but also a proportion of other cell populations including Ig-bearing lymphocytes... In addition to detecting a cytotoxic LNC population reactive towards tumour-associated embryonic antigens (retained fractions from nylon-wool column separation), a subpopulation of multiparous rat LNC was demonstrated in cell fractions eluted from the nylon wool which was shown to suppress the cytotoxicity of the retained multiparous LNC population. The exact nature of this subpopulation of LNC and the mechanism of action is at present not known.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Urinary retention in patients in a geriatric rehabilitation unit: prevalence, risk factors, and validity of bladder scan evaluation.

The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for urinary retention (UR) in frail, elderly patients, to determine its prevalence, and to assess the validity of the use of the BladderScan BVI 2500+ ultrasound scanner to measure postvoid residual urine volumes of > or = 150 ml. Probable UR was defined as two consecutive ultrasound scans with postvoid residual urine estimations of > or = 150 ml. The estimates were confirmed by in- and out-catheterization of actual postvoid residual urine (PVR). Risk factors for UR were the independent variables used in the regression analysis. Nineteen of the 167 people (11%) had UR. The risk of UR was greatest among patients who were older, or who were on anticholinergic medication, or who had diabetes of long standing, or who had fecal impaction. The correlation between paired scans and catheter volumes of > or = 150 ml was 0.87. The results suggest that the BladderScan BVI 2500+ ultrasound scanner, when used by trained nursing staff, provides conservative and valid estimates of PVR of > or = 150 ml in people undergoing geriatric rehabilitation.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-administered blood donor medical history.

An experiment in self-administered blood donor medical histories is described. This history, reviewed by a medical history nurse, was not associated with more rapid donor processing. Donors and medical history nurses reacted positively to self-administration. The quality of the medical history did not appear to be affected by the procedure. The findings suggest that there is value in the self-administration process, and that further trial is warranted.

Blood Donors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Utilization of nursing teams in the collection of blood.

The practice of nursing is group oriented. This was recognized in the past, but has only recently gained full acknowledgment by nursing managment. The concept of team assignment for the nursing staff was implemented in the blood program several years ago. The problems of the professional nurse in blood banking are not the same as in an acute or an extended care facility. Team assignments can improve both the delivery of care and the efficiency of the operation in the blood program. This paper describes many of the problems incurred under the system of conventional staffing and will show how these problems can be either eliminated or modified through the use of team assignment. Two centers experienced with permanent team assignments report these conclusions.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Stromal cell involvement in leukemogenesis and carcinogenesis.

There is increasing evidence that the supportive cells (stromal cells) in nearly all organs containing cellular self-renewal systems are involved in carcinogenesis. One body of evidence specific to irradiation leukemogenesis documents the role of irradiated murine stromal cells in the cell biologic changes associated with evolution of leukemia in cocultivated, nonirradiated stem cells. Stem cell phenotypic changes that have been documented include upregulation of cell surface c-fms, downregulation of growth requirement for obligatory growth factors, and the appearance of novel transcripts detected by differential display. A second body of evidence documents the potential role of stromal cells functioning as biologic tumor promoters through their release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and production of altered adhesion molecules or growth factors during the chronic response to chemical or physical carcinogens. These molecular biologic mechanisms, potentially operative in stromal cells, can block apoptosis and induce DNA strand breaks in closely associated self-renewing stem cells. In an in vivo model of irradiation effects on lung stromal cells, we have irradiated the lungs of control C57BL/6J mice or other mice with orthotopic Lewis lung tumors and shown that TGF-beta release is increased following irradiation. The TGF-beta increase by irradiation may specifically be inhibited by administering an inhalation plasmid liposome mixture containing a transgene for human manganese superoxide dismutase prior to irradiation. An appreciation of the role of stromal cells in leukemogenesis and carcinogenesis may also be very relevant to the design of new therapeutic strategies for treatment of cancer, particularly since current strategies focus on eradication of stem cell transformants and do not rigorously address the persistence of surviving stromal cells.

Animals↗