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Biomedical subjects

J Brauman

Publications and source records attributed to J Brauman.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1996

Rapid reduction and removal of HDL- but not LDL-associated cholesteryl ester hydroperoxides by rat liver perfused in situ.

To test whether high-density lipoproteins (HDL) could aid in the removal in vivo of potentially atherogenic oxidized lipids, we perfused rat liver in situ with buffer supplemented with isolated human HDL containing small amounts of cholesteryl linoleate hydro(pero)xides [CH18:2-O(O)H]. Perfusion resulted in the rapid removal of Ch18:2-O(O)H from HDL with a half-life (t1/2)of 11.4 min., faster than that of unoxidized cholesteryl linoleate, and dependent of the presence of the liver. In addition, the liver enhanced the reduction of Ch18:2-OOH associated with HDL remaining in the perfusate buffer. Perfusion resulted in the release of a hepatic activity that enhanced the reduction of HDL-associated CH18:2-OOH and was resistant to heat treatment. In contrast with the situation with HDL, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-associated CH18:2-O(O)H were neither removed nor reduced by perfused rat liver within the time course studied, in support of a possible role for HDL in the detoxification of circulating lipid hydroperoxides in vivo.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Increase of neurophysin II serum levels in chronic alcoholic patients: relationship with alcohol consumption and alcoholism blood markers during withdrawal therapy.

Neurophysin II (hNpII) but not hNpI serum levels were higher than normal (greater than 2.85 ng/ml) in 9 of 20 patients admitted to the metabolic ward for alcohol withdrawal therapy; a normalization was observed within the first week of alcohol withdrawal. The higher levels of hNpII were felt to reflect alcohol impregnation for the following reasons: 1) on admission, levels of most of the alcoholism blood markers were higher in the group of patients with high hNpII levels than in the group with normal hNpII levels; 2) hNpII levels were correlated with most of the alcoholism blood markers, mainly gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (r = 0.63, P less than 0.001) in the 20 patients of the study; 3) patients with high hNpII levels admitted to greater alcohol and less anxiolytic drug intake immediately before admission. The physiopathological meaning and hypothetical psychological consequence of this hNpII increase remain to be defined.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1983

Factors affecting the determination of ionized calcium in blood.

Reproducibility with the same electrode on the same day is expressed by the CV. For standard solutions CV = 0.68%, for blood CV = 1.36%, for serum CV = 0.92%. The measure with 2 different Orion electrodes performed on blood samples on the same day gives no more variation between electrodes than within electrode. Results of Ca++ measured with SS-20 Orion and ICA1 Radiometer electrodes on the samples of normal blood or serum are significantly higher with the ICA1 electrode than with the SS-20 Orion. The use of decreasing concentration of NaCl (170 to 110 mmol/l) in calibration solutions shows an apparent increase of Ca++ concentration in normal blood. Sampling conditions may affect Ca++ results. The pH of peripheric venous blood drawn without torniquet in 57 normal people was 7.34 +/- 0.03 and differs from the normal arterial pH values (740 +/- 0.02). By applying the following equation: Ca++ (pH 7.40) = Ca++ [1-0.53 (7.40 - pH)], Ca++ can be adjusted to pH 7.40. The correction in pathologic condition should, however, take in account the real arterial pH of the subject. We tested if sitting versus recumbent position could modify Ca++ results. The difference was non significant. Heparin, necessary for blood and plasma sampling, may affect the electrode membrane and binds calcium ions. We compared in the same blood sampling the same dilutions of 2 kinds of heparin. Heparin Radiometer: 10 microliters in 1 ml blood (8 UI) and heparin Roche: 10 microliters in 1 ml blood (50 UI) and observed significantly higher Ca++ results with the lower concentration of heparin. Storage of serum 24 hours at -20 degrees C does not alter the Ca++ results. After 7 days at -20 degrees C the Ca++ decreases by 3.6% in average, mainly due to pH increase.

Blood Preservation↗
PubMed1983

Measure of blood ionized calcium versus total calcium in normal man, in renal insufficiency and in hypercalcemia of various origins.

Ca++ and Ca tot were measured and compared at 2 years interval (S1 and S2) in 45 normal volunteers: 26 females and 19 males age 20/65 years. For Ca++ the mean difference between S1 and S2 was small (0.009 mmol/l) but significant (p less than 0.01). For Ca tot the mean difference between S1 and S2 (0.06 mmol/l) was very significant (p less than 0.001) due to the combination of various factors: technical, sex difference and proteins. In both series (S1 + S2) Ca++ did not differ significantly between females and males, whereas Ca tot was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in males (mean difference 0.06 mmol/l) for S1 and non significant for S2. In 63 normal volunteers we cross correlated the factors of calcium homeostasis and showed significant relationship between Ca++/Ca tot r = 0.428 (p less than 0.001), Ca++/PTH r = -0.297 (p less than 0.05), Ca tot/Proteins r = 0.518 (p less than 0.001). The relationship between Ca tot and PTH does not reach the level of significance. We compared Ca++ and Ca tot in renal insufficiency (RI) (n = 16), hyperparathyroidism surgically confirmed (Hyper P) (n = 10), cancer with hypercalcemia (C) (n = 9) and in normal volunteers (N) (n = 63). The relationship between Ca++ and Ca tot in the pathologic groups has significantly steeper slopes than the control group (N), p less than 0.05 for RI and C and p less than 0.01 for Hyper P. The increase of the Ca++/Ca tot ration in RI and Hyper P is positively correlated to PTH levels, nor albumin variations neither pH and P04 variations could completely account for the increase of the ratio. The increase of Ca++/Ca tot in cancer is independent of PTH and cannot entirely be explained by the albumin drop.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Bone mineral content of the radius: good correlations with physicochemical determinations in iliac crest trabecular bone of normal and osteoporotic subjects.

Specific gravity, porosity index (physical parameters), hydroxyproline, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus (chemical parameters) were determined in iliac crest trabecular bone of normal and osteoporotic subjects. These physical and chemical parameters were compared to bone mineral contents (BMC) measurements by x-ray photodensitometry of the radius. BMC values correlated negatively with porosity index, specific gravity, and degree of mineralization of trabecular bone matrix, which all increase with osteoporosis. There was a negative correlation between calcium and magnesium contents per net bone volume. "Distal" scans of the radius reflected better the axial skeleton mass than "proximal" scans, and physicochemical data correlated better with bone mineral content values than with bone mineral mass (BMM) values.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Effect in vitro of ioglycamide on blood proteins and paraproteins.

No modification of plasma or serum viscosity was observed after in vitro addition of ioglycamide in a series of 160 healthy subjects and 1 467 patients including 33 cases of IgM paraproteinemia, 20 with Waldenström's disease. The labelled contrast medium never bound to paraproteins. These results are contradictory to the statements in the literature, that plasma gel formation occurs in Waldenström's disease.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed1977

Separation of pig bone alkaline phosphatase activities.

A simple method for the separation of alkaline phosphatase and pyrophosphatase activities of pig bone ribs is described. Using anionic exchange chromatography (DEAE-cellulose) and affinity chromatography on Concanavalin A sepharose (Con A) eluted by a step pH gradient and Na4P2O7, several activities were obtained. A pyrophosphatase containing very little alkaline phosphatase activity was isolated from Con A sepharose by elution with pyrophosphatase. Our data are consistent, with the hypothesis that cortical alcaline phosphatase and pyrophosphatase activities are not due to a single enzyme protein. The method was used on whole bone, on bone marrow and on cortical bone.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1976

Parathyroid hormone plasma level in untreated chronic renal failure and in hemodialyzed patients.

In 42 untreated patients at various stages of chronic renal failure, plasma level of parathyroid hormone was directly proportional to the degree of renal failure and inversely proportional to the serum calcium level. Plasma parathyroid hormone levels were frequently elevated in 21 patients undergoing regular dialysis treatment, in spite of normal levels of serum total calcium and magnesium. Serum-ionized calcium levels measured in dialyzed patients were usually reduced and inversely correlated with the creatinine levels. Parathyroid hormone levels were correlated with the creatinine levels, but the inverse relationship with ionized calcium was not significant.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Serum enzymes in the neonatal period. Diagnostic aid in muscle pathology.

Normal standards were defined in term and preterm infants on precise days of the neonatal period for the following serum enzymes: creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), diphosphofructoaldolase (ALD), glutamic-oxalacetic (SGOT) transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), CPK values have reached adult standards at 10 days of life. This permits early diagnosis of muscular dystropy, especially the Duchenne form. LDH and ALD are still high at the 10th day of life. Low SGOT and SGPT levels encountered in premature infants is probably due to immaturity of enzyme synthesis in this group of children.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1975

[Biological disorders of alcoholic origin].

Chronic alcoholism tends to alter the serum levels of numerous blood components. In comparing the serum levels of these elements in a noncirrhotic chronic alcoholic patient after withdrawal, the authors determined a characteristic biological table. The serum factors demonstrating a significant difference after the withdrawal of alcohol were as follows: total cholesterol, triglycerides, total lipids, total bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, alkaline phosphatase, serum iron, uric acid, hematocrit and the number of red blood cells. It is noteworthy that these tests are those of routine and can be performed in any modestly equipped laboratory.

Alanine Transaminase↗