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Biomedical subjects

J Brault

Publications and source records attributed to J Brault.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1986

Antagonism between Yersinia intermedia and Yersinia enterocolitica in water.

One strain of Yersinia enterocolitica and one strain of Y. intermedia were grown in peptone water at 25 or 37 degrees C, or in ground water at 15 degrees C. Similar growth rates were observed when these strains were cultivated separately in the same media and at the same temperature. Mixed cultures at 37 degrees C displayed equivalent growth rates. In contrast, mixed cultures incubated at 15 or 25 degrees C were regularly unfavourable to Y. enterocolitica, whereas they did not modify the growth of Y. intermedia. A bacteriophage active on Y. enterocolitica and not on Y. intermedia was characterized from the filtrate of mixed cultures at low temperatures. This phage produced by the lysogenic Y. intermedia strain might be a potential factor responsible for the inhibition of Y. enterocolitica, since no additional antibacterial factor or nutritional competition between Y. intermedia and Y. enterocolitica were found in the mixed cultures.

Antibiosis↗
PubMed1986

Production of bacteriocin-like substances by Yersinia frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii, and Y. intermedia strains.

The production of bacteriocin-like substances by strains of Yersinia frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii and Y. intermedia in broth culture was established. These substances showed a selective activity against Y. enterocolitica, Y. frederiksenii, Y. kristensenii and Y. intermedia strains. Electron micrographs revealed the presence of phage tails in culture media. The production of these substances was detected in cultures grown at 25 degrees C but not in those grown at 37 degrees C, while these bacteriocin-like substances were active at 25 and 37 degrees C. Y. enterocolitica serogroups 0:3 and 0:9 were more susceptible to these bacterin-like substances than strains of Yersinia isolated from environmental sources.

Bacteriocins↗
PubMed1986

Speech performance in mania and schizophrenia: the association of positive and negative thought disorders and reference failures.

The speech performance of manics (n = 21) and schizophrenics (n = 22) was assessed with both clinical evaluations and an assessment of reference performance. The severity of positive and negative clinical thought disorders was correlated with the frequency of incompetent (unclear and ambiguous) references as measured with a linguistic rating system. It was found that pressure of speech accounted for the majority of the variance in incompetent references in the manic sample, while this relationship was not found for the schizophrenics. The number of incompetent references in the schizophrenic sample was most highly predicted by the severity of derailment, with poverty of content of speech the next most important. These results were discussed with respect to their implications for the identification of differential mechanisms underlying speech disorders in the two patient groups.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Ability of Yersinia enterocolitica cells to inactivate bacteriophage I at 25 degrees and 37 degrees C.

The presence of receptors to bacteriophage I of Y. enterocolitica in Y. enterocolitica cells grown at 37 degrees C was investigated. Protein extracts obtained from bacterial cells (strain 4052) grown at 25 degrees or 37 degrees C produced a diminution of free bacteriophage. Cultures of this strain inactivated phage I at 37 degrees C, and high titre suspensions of this phage showed bacteriocin-like activity. According to these results receptor sites must be present in Y. enterocolitica cells incubated at 37 degrees C.

Bacterial Proteins↗
PubMed1981

New waterborne bacteriophages active on Yersinia enterocolitica.

Seven bacteriophages active on Yersinia enterocolitica (YE) were isolated from surface water samples collected in Granada, Spain. A comparison of the respective host ranges of these new phages and of reference phages used for YE phage typing showed that YE strains belonging to various phage types, grown at either 37 or 25 degrees C, expressed susceptibility to reference sewage water phages whereas susceptibility to new waterborne phages, as well as to reference phages from lysogenic YE, was only demonstrated in YE strains grown at 25 degrees C. A YE strain isolated by stool culture from a pig was lysogenic for a bacteriophage which behaved like waterborne phages and reference phages from lysogenic YE strains. The possibility that the isolation of waterborne bacteriophages might, in certain circumstances, reflect the presence of lysogenic YE was raised.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

The metabolism of androstenedione in human pregnancy: the use of constant infusion of unlabeled steroid to assess its metabolic clearance rate, its production rate, and its conversion into androgens and estrogens.

Using constant infusion of unlabeled steroid, we have studied the metabolic clearance rate (MCR), half-life (T 1/2), and conversion ratio of androstenedione (A) into androgens and estrogens throughout human pregnancy. In nonpregnant women, results obtained by infusion of unlabeled A were identical to those obtained by the infusion of either labeled steroid or a mixture of labeled and unlabeled steroid. A twofold increase in the infusion rate did not change any of these results, indicating that enzyme availability was not a limiting step. When compared to the nonpregnant state, pregnancy was associated with a twofold rise in plasma A production rate (PR) (p less than 0.05) but with minimal changes in its MCR or its T 1/2, thus leading to a twofold increase in the plasma concentration of A (p less than 0.05). The conversion of A into testosterone (T) rose twofold at term pregnancy (p less than 0.05), whereas that of A into estrone (E1) rose fivefold (p less than 0.01) and that of A into estradiol (E2) rose 16 fold (p less than 0.001). It is concluded that constant infusions of unlabeled A can be used successfully to study the kinetics of A when one is reluctant to infuse isotopic steroid.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Evaluation in hospital practice of Fecatest, a new laboratory method for the detection of occult blood in feces].

The clinical significance of the laboratory information provided by Fecatest, a new test based on a guaiac reaction for detecting occult blood in the feces, has been determined. In 93.8% of 243 patients with a lesion of the gastrointestinal tract diagnosed by endoscopy and/or radiology the test was positive; 88.5% of 148 patients in whom no lesion had been found by the same methods had a negative test. In vivo and in vitro comparison of the degree of sensitivity of Fecatest with Hematest and Haemoccult showed the following ratios: Hematest 5, Fecatest 3, Haemoccult 1. In point of sensitivity Fecatest thus comes between the other two tests investigated. It is concluded that Fecatest is a valuable tool in detecting lesions of the gastrointestinal tract associated with occult bleeding. The results show a better degree of clinical correlation between the test and the lesions in the gastrointestinal tract than with the other two. This view is further strengthened by the important practical advantages offered by Fecatest.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1979

Yersinia enterocolitica among small wild mammals in France.

A survey of Yersinia enterocolitica was made in two French areas (Indre and Alsace) in several components of the terrestrial ecosystem. Y. enterocolitica has been isolated from several habitats and from numerous species of small mammals. The trap line method enabled us to estimate the density of the two abundant small mammal species, Microtus arvalis and Apodemus sylvaticus, and the densities of Y. enterocolitica carriers. The frequency of isolation was high when temperatures were low, but did not seem to be in direct relationship with animal densities. Infectious lesions were never found in spleens or intestines of 1893 captured animals. Samples of fresh water, fresh-water fish, soil and earthworms were occasionally collected. A total of 163 strains were isolated. Of these, 99 were of biochemical type 1; 20 different 0 serogroups were found.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Reappraisal of the predictive value of the beta-human chorionic gonadotropin assay in an infertile population.

In order to assess the clinical usefulness of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in monitoring early abortion, we studied prospectively 108 pregnant patients. Of these subjects, 70 carried their pregnancies to term and delivered uneventfully, while 38 patients went on to develop first-trimester bleeding. Blood samples were obtained every 1 to 2 weeks during the first trimester, and, when bleeding developed, at least twice 2 or 3 days apart. beta-hCG was measured by a specific double-antibody radioimmunoassay. In the group with normal pregnancies, first-trimester serum beta-hCG gradually rose to reach a peak concentration of 16,875 +/- 4825 (SD) mIU/ml at 10 to 12 weeks of gestation. In the group with abnormal pregnancies, prior to the onset of bleeding, the mean serum beta-hCG level was 4- to 5-fold below that of normal subjects at equivalent gestational age, although with significant overlap in the 95% confidence limit (2 SD). Furthermore, when bleeding occurred, the individual rate of predicting abortion was at best 75% with an unacceptable rate of false-negative and false-positive predictions.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗
PubMed1979

Contribution to the definition and the taxonomy of Yersinia enterocolitica.

The phenotypic study of 6,000 strains of Y. enterocolitica and Y. enterocolitica-like organisms by the biochemical reaction of the identification of Enterobacteriaceae on one hand and of 100 strains representing different chemiotypes by an auxanogram technique shows a large homogeneity of these strains which are apparated from the other Yersinia within Enterobacteriaceae. Six chemiotypes are described. The strains fermenting thamnose, similar to chemiotype I, can be subdivided in two groups according to the acidification of melibiose. The future and the denomination of these strains are discussed. The biochemical characteristics difining Y. enterocolitica and six chemiotypes are defined.

Ampicillin↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dynamic stability of the elbow: electromyographic analysis of the flexor pronator group and the extensor group in pitchers with valgus instability.

The medical collateral ligament is a common site of injury in baseball pitchers, causing substantial morbidity and loss of pitching time. Twenty-six skilled baseball pitchers with medial collateral ligament insufficiency were studied before surgery with high-speed cinematography and fine-wire electromyography of eight muscles around the elbow. Data from the pitchers with injured elbows were compared with data obtained from uninjured pitchers. The flexor carpi radialis muscle in the pitchers with medial collateral ligament deficiencies revealed significantly decreased firing during the acceleration and deceleration phase of the fastball when compared with that of the pitchers with normal elbows, and the flexor carpi radialis muscle was significantly depressed during the early cocking and deceleration phases. The extensor muscles revealed slightly increased activity in the injured elbows; however, this was not statistically significant. Although the muscles of the flexor pronator group (especially the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle and the flexor digitorum superficialis muscles) are anatomically positioned to provide dynamic stability of the elbow, they did not demonstrate increased electrical activity in pitchers with medial collateral ligament deficiencies. This finding suggests that the muscles on the medial side of the elbow do not supplant the role of the medial collateral ligament during the fastball pitch.

Baseball↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Electromyographic analysis of shoulder function during the volleyball serve and spike.

The purpose of this study was to describe the electromyographic (EMG) pattern and relative intensities of 8 shoulder muscles during the volleyball serve and spike in 15 professional or collegiate-level athletes. The EMG analysis was synchronized with high-speed cinematography to discern phases of the spike and serve. During the spike, the anterior deltoid and supraspinatus functioned together to elevate and place the humerus throughout all phases. During cocking the infraspinatus and teres minor acted together to rotate the humerus externally. In acceleration, however, these muscles behaved independently; activity of the teres minor remained high, whereas the activity of the infraspinatus declined. The anterior wall muscles functioned to decelerate the humerus during cocking and acted as internal rotators during acceleration. Muscle activities recorded for the serve followed similar patterns as those seen for the spike, but with lower amplitudes. These data illustrate the complex sequence of shoulder muscle activity necessary to play competitive volleyball.

Adolescent↗