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J Blomberg

Publications and source records attributed to J Blomberg.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources

O-glycosidic carbohydrate-peptide linkages of Herpes simplex virus glycoproteins.

Electrophoretically purified HSV-specified glycoproteins with radiolabelled carbohydrates were subjected to mild alkaline borohydride treatment (0.5 M NaOH and 0.5 M NaBH4). The treatment liberated significant amounts of the labelled oligosaccharides. The latter demonstrated molecular weights of about 3,000 as determined by gel filtration. The glycoproteins involved probably belong to the gA/gB complex or gC. The results suggest that HSV specified glycoproteins contain oligosaccharides linked with an O-glycosidic bond to a threonine or serine residue of the polypeptide.

Borohydrides↗

Involvement of a high-molecular-weight polyprotein translational product of Snyder-Theilen Feline sarcoma virus in malignant transformation.

The previously described high-molecular-weight polyprotein major translational product of the Snyder-Theilen strain of feline sarcoma virus (FeSV) was shown to possess protein kinase activity with specificity for tyrosine acceptor sites. Cells transformed by Snyder-Theilen FeSV exhibited constitutively elevated levels of phosphotyrosine and a concomitant reduction in epidermal growth factor (EGF) binding sites. By endpoint cloning in microtiter plates, a number of transformation-defective (tf) mutants of the Snyder-Theilen strain of FeSV were isolated. Mink cells nonproductively infected by such mutants were morphologically nontransformed, failed to grow in soft agar, bound EGF as efficiently as control mink cells, and lacked rescuable transforming virus. Although the level of expression of the major viral polyprotein translational product in td mutant-infected clones was comparable to that of wild-type (wt) transformants, the polyprotein in mutant clones lacked detectable protein kinase activity and total cellular phosphotyrosine levels were not elevated significantly above control values. Of a large number of wt Snyder-Theilen FeSV-transformed mink cell clones isolated, the majority were found to revert to a nontransformed morphology upon continuous passage in cell culture. Such nontransformed variants, as well as a Gardner FeSV-transformed mink cell revertant, lacked detectable polyprotein expression and exhibited levels of phosphotyrosine and EGF binding similar to those of control mink cells. These findings provide strong evidence favoring the involvement of the Snyder-Theilen FeSV-encoded high-molecular-weight polyprotein and its associated tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity in transformation.

Animals↗

Differences in mechanisms of transformation by independent feline sarcoma virus isolates.

The Gardner and Snyder-Theilen isolates of feline sarcoma virus (FeSV) have previously been shown to encode high-molecular-weight polyproteins with a transforming function and an associated tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity. Cells transformed by these viruses exhibited morphological alterations, elevated levels of phosphotyrosine, and a reduced capacity for binding epidermal growth factor. In addition, polyproteins encoded by both of these FeSV isolates bound to, and phosphorylated tyrosine acceptor sites within, a 150,000-molecular-weight cellular substrate (P150). McDonough FeSV-transformed cells resembled Gardner and Snyder-Theilen FeSV transformants with respect to morphological changes and a reduced capacity for epidermal growth factor binding. in contrast to the other two FeSV isolates, however, McDonough FeSV encoded as its major translational product a high-molecular-weight polyprotein with probable transforming function but without protein kinase activity detectable under similar assay conditions. Moreover, total cellular levels of phosphotyrosine remained unaltered in McDonough FeSV-transformed cells, and the major McDonough FeSV polyprotein translational product lacked binding affinity for P150. These findings argue for differences in the mechanisms of transformation by these independently derived FeSV isolates.

Animals↗

Snyder-Theilen feline sarcoma virus P85 contains a single phosphotyrosine acceptor site recognized by its associated protein kinase.

Cells nonproductively transformed by a variant of the Snyder-Theilen strain of feline sarcoma virus (FeSV) expressed an 85,000-dalton polyprotein (P85) with associated tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity. We identified within this polyprotein a single tyrosine acceptor site for its enzyme activity. This acceptor site, as well as two serine phosphorylation sites localized with the p12 structural component of Snyder-Theilen FeSv P85, was phosphorylated in cells nonproductively transformed by Snyder-Theilen FeSv. In contrast, infection by Snyder-Theilen FeSV transformation-defective mutants resulted in phosphorylation only of the two serine acceptor sites, indicating phosphorylation of the tyrosine acceptor site to be transformation specific. In addition, we describe in vitro labeling conditions, using unfractionated cell extracts, which resulted in preferential phosphorylation of the single Snyder-Theilen FeSV tyrosine-specific acceptor site.

Binding Sites↗

Intrauterine varicella: a report of two cases associated with hyper-A-immunoglobulinemia.

Varicella during pregnancy may occasionally harm the fetus. This report described one case of congenital varicella syndrome and another of infantile herpes zoster after maternal varicella in the 16th and 29th week of pregnancy, respectively. A remarkable finding was that both mothers and infants had raised levels of serum IgA. This suggests that varicella is prone to lead to congenital disease in infants of pregnant women with an immunologic, perhaps genetically determined abnormality.

Adult↗

Identification of tryptic peptides unique to a 110,000-molecular weight polyprotein encoded by the T-8 isolate of murine leukemia virus.

Mink cells nonproductively-infected with the weakly-transforming T-8 isolate of murine leukemia virus (MuLV) express a 110,000 mol wt polyprotein designated T-8 P110. By immunoprecipitation analysis, T-8 P110 is shown to contain AKR-MuLV amino terminal gag gene-specific components (p15, p12) but to lack p30, p10, gp70, and p15(E) antigenic determinants. These observations are further substantiated by tryptic peptide analysis indicating T-8 P110 to share approximately six lysine-containing tryptic peptides with AKR-MuLV Pr65gag, and none with AKr-MuLV Pr82env. Furthermore, of seven methionine-containing T-8 P110 tryptic peptides, at least four can be conclusively shown not to be present in either AKr-MuLV Pr180gag/pol or Pr82env. A clonal mink cell line nonproductively infected by T-8, and expressing high levels of P110, although not morphologically transformed, is shown to lack elevated levels of tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity and reduction of epidermal growth factor binding sites characteristic of cells transformed by many other RNA-transforming viruses. These findings argue either that the T-8 viral genome contains acquired cellular sequences encoding a portion of P110, or that T-8 P110 represents an inphase deletion of AKR-MuLV Pr180gag/pol with extensive posttranlational modification and that an as yet unidentified protein is responsible for T-8 associated transformation.

Animals↗

Abelson murine leukaemia virus transformation involves loss of epidermal growth factor-binding sites.

Malignant transformation by mammalian RNA sarcoma viruses has previously been shown to involve a reduction in receptor sites for a well characterized 6,000-molecular weight (MW) growth-promoting substance, designated epidermal growth factor (EGF). Although Abelson murine leukaemia virus (AbLV) resembles sarcoma viruses in its ability to transform embryo fibroblasts in cell culture, AbLV induces a rapid B-cell lymphoid leukaemia rather than fibrosarcomas in vivo. The major translational product of AbLV is a highly phosphorylated polyprotein of MW 120,000 which exhibits an associated tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity and probable transforming function. We show here that AbLV transformation resembles transformation by RNA sarcoma viruses with respect to the abolition of EGF-binding sites. EGF binding is restored to control levels following loss of polyprotein expression in morphological revertants of AbLV-transformed clones and remains uninfluenced in cell lines infected with transformation-defective (td) AbLV mutants encoding polyproteins deficient in protein kinase activity. These findings indicate that AbLV transformation involves a polyprotein-associated, tyrosine-specific protein kinase activity which mediates its effect through a mechanism resulting directly or indirectly in the abolition of EGF-binding sites.

Abelson murine leukemia virus↗

Studies on the attachment of herpes simplex virus. Effect of trypsin treatment.

The adsorption of herpes simplex virus (HSV) to monolayers of trypsinized and mock-treated GMK-AH1 cells was studied by means of a microplaque technique. Plaque formation was nearly abolished for c:a 20 minutes and full sensitivity regained at 6--8 hours post trypsinization. The return of sensitivity to HSV was inhibited by cycloheximide and incubation at 4 degrees C. The sum of PFU in the supernatant and PFU successe modifying agents were without effect on the adsorption of HSV.

Adsorption↗

Studies on glycopeptides of Herpes simplex virus infected cells.

Trypsinates from HSV infected cells, radioactively labeled with glucosamine and galactose were further digested by pronase. The digests were subjected to gel filtration, and it was shown that some of the eluted material consisted of saccharides, highly devoid of residual peptide. This material eluted between linear dextran markers of 19,000 and 3000 daltons. Only slight differences between uninfected and HSV infected cells in galactose and glucosamine derived radioactivity profiles of the chromatograms were detected. High molecular weight glucosamine labeled material, present in digest from uninfected cells, was not detectable in digests from HSV infected cells. The concanavalin A adsorbability of eluted fractions was tested. Changes in the relative adsorbability between materials from HSV and uninfected cells were present, especially for the glucosamine labeled saccharides.

Cell Membrane↗

Purification of virions and nucleocapsids of herpes simplex virus by means of metrizamide and sodium metrizoate gradients.

The generation of density gradients for ultracentrifuging by freezing and thawing was applied to formation of linear density gradients with sodium metrizoate and metrizamide. Using these gradient materials simple and rapid methods for purification of virions and nucleocapsids of herpes virus were elaborated. Using metrizamide the recovery of infectivity was 10-30 per cent, and the purification of virions measured as reduction of host protein was 1700 times. Using metrizoate, the recovery of nucleocapsids was 30-60 per cent and the purification from host DNA and protein was 900 and 1700 times, respectively.

Capsid↗

Variations in lipid composition and sound velocity in melon from the North Atlantic Pilot whale, globicephala melaena melaena.

Nonpolar lipids and sound velocity at different distances from the skin surface within a sample of pilot whale melon were studied. Thin layer chromatography, sensitive radioisotopic methods, and an ultrasonic echo scanner were used. Wax esters had a maximum concentration at 11-12 cm from the skin surface. Non- and monoisovalero triglycerides both exhibited a minimum at 8-10 cm, whereas the diisovalero species increased steadily from the skin surface towards the center of the pilot whale head. A minimum of sound velocity, ca. 1340 m/s, was found at 9-11 cm, thus coinciding with a region rich in isovaleric acid esterified in wax and diisovalero triglycerides. These findings are compatible with predictions based on the known correlations between lipid structure and sound velocity. Consequently, additional evidence for refraction of sound in pilot whale melon is presented. This is important in understanding the system of echolocation of toothed whales.

Animals↗

Hemolysis-in-gel and neutralization tests for determination of antibodies to mumps virus.

A hemolysis-in-gel test for the demonstration of antibodies to mumps virus is described. The results were compared with those of neutralization tests using a modified microtechnique. In the neutralization test viral replication was demonstrated by the hemadsorption of guinea pig erythrocytes, the visibility of which could be further enhanced by the use of o-tolidine. Good correlation was found between the results of the two techniques. The hemolysis-in-gel test was simple to perform, rapid, sensitive, and shown to be a useful test for the demonstration of mumps antibodies.

Antibodies, Viral↗

Subtyping of herpes simplex virus.

A number of different techniques to be used for the subtyping of herpes simplex virus (HSV) strains were studied. The strains were inoculated on chorio-allantoic membranes of embryonated eggs and on green monkey kidney (GMK) cells in order that the morphology of plaques produced might be observed. They were classified serologically by determination of K-values and inoculated intracerebrally in mice in order that their pathogenicity for mice might be observed. The inhibitory effect of high concentrations of thymidine on the multiplication of the strains in GMK cells cultures and the heat-stability of the virus-induced thymidine kinases were investigated. Rates of inactivation of the strains in the presence of AgNO3 were compared and, finally, the association of focal liver necrosis in intraperitoneally inoculated mice with the results of the serological typing was observed. The results suggested that the liver necrosis test was simple as well as accurate and useful as a screening typing-test. Reliable results were also obtained serologically and by the method demonstrating differences in the heat-stability of viral thymidine kinase. Using the other methods studied, difficulties to obtain clear-cut or reproducible typing results were encountered.

Allantois↗