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Biomedical subjects

J Blanchard

Publications and source records attributed to J Blanchard.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

[Evaluation of the spread of atherosclerosis in patients with arteritis. Implications for the therapeutic indications (author's transl)].

The immediate prognosis (operative risk of a revascularization) and also the long-term prognosis for the patient with arteritis depends on the spreading of the atheroma to other vascular regions (coronary or carotid arteries). Conventionally the initial evaluation is made by cervical Doppler examination, effort ECG and profile aortography. Cervical Doppler examination revealed in the present group of 402 patients significant stenoses on the arterial vessels leading to the brain in 67 cases (16.6%), including 13 asymptomatic stenoses. The effort ECG carried out in 140 cases was assurable in 72% of these, being positive in 19% of the cases in patients with no clinical or ECG history of coronary insufficiency. Profile aortography of 125 patients revealed atheromatous lesions in 39 (31%), in many cases multiple lesions: 13 cases in the coeliac trunk and mesenteric artery. The implications of these discoveries, as they affect therapeutic indications and in particular the justification of multiple revascularizations, have been discussed.

Angiography↗
PubMed1981

[Diffusion of atherosclerosis in patients with arterial disease of the lower limbs (author's transl)].

In patients with arteriosclerosis obliterans of the lower limbs immediate (operative risk) and long term prognosis depend on the diffusion of the atheroma to other arterial beds (coronary and carotid). Basic investigations were completed by doppler ultrasonography of the cervical arteries, exercise electrocardiogram and lateral aortogram. Doppler ultrasonography revealed significant degrees of stenosis of the cervical arteries in 67 out of 402 patients (16.6 p. 100). The stenosis were totally latent clinically in 13 patients. Valid results were obtained in 72 p. 100 of 140 after an exercise electrocardiogram. It was positive in 19 p. 100 of patients without clinical or electric sign of coronary heart disease. Lateral aortogram in 125 patients showed atheromatous lesions in 39 cases (31 p.cent). These were often multiple and involved the coeliac and superior mesenteric arteries in 13 cases. These investigations are of great importance in making the therapeutic decision, indications related with risk and resulting priorities. Alarming coronary or carotid lesions may indeed require treatment before arterial disease of the lower limbs.

Aortography↗
PubMed1980

Effect of polyols on interaction of paraben preservatives with polysorbate 80.

A quantitative study of the interaction of the methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid with polysorbate 80 in the presence and absence of two polyols (propylene glycol and glycerol), which were potential competitors, was performed. The results indicate that neither competitor displaced significant amounts of the parabens from their binding sites on polysorbate 80. The previously observed synergistic antimicrobial effects of these polyols appear to be due to a mechanism other than the displacement of the parabens from their micellar binding sites.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1980

Absence of airway hyperreactivity to methacholine in a worker sensitized to toluene diisocyanate (TDI).

A worker with occupational asthma due to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) was studied. Detailed immunologic studies, including those for p-tolyl isocyanate IgE antibodies and the presence of leukocyte inhibition factor for isocyanate antigen, were negative. Clinically, the subject noted more pronounced symptoms beginning on Monday morning, followed by weekend off work, and lessening of her symptoms over the working week. Methacholine challenges were negative when performed on three separate occasions, including the time when maximum symptoms were present, and again six months later, before and after bronchial challenge testing. A dose-related response to TDI was observed on bronchial provocation testing using nonirritating concentrations of TDI of 0.0165 and 0.030 ppm. This case provides evidence that the response of the airway to TDI may not always be accompanied by hyperreactivity to methacholine. Screening programs utilizing methacholine challenges may not always identify sensitized workers, since a negative methacholine challenge test does not exclude TDI sensitization.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Improved liquid-chromatographic determination of caffeine in plasma.

We describe a rapid, specific, and sensitive liquid-chromatographic micro-method for caffeine in plasma. Each plasma sample can be assayed within about 15 min of its receipt. Samples are denatured with acetonitrile, centrifuged, and the supernate is chromatographed on a reversed-phase column. Only 100 microL of plasma is required, and concentrations as low as 0.3 mg/L can be measured accurately. Other xanthines and their metabolites do not interfere. The small sample required makes the procedure ideally suited for measuring caffeine in the plasma of infants and small animals as well as adults.

Caffeine↗
PubMed1979

Effect of protein depletion and repletion on liver structures, nitrogen content and serum proteins.

The data presented in this paper demonstrate that a liver which has been severely damaged by protein malnutrition can be restored to normal composition, anatomy and functional capability by central venous feeding. An atypical serum protein electrophoretic pattern characterizes protein malnutrition. TPN repletion restores all of the protein fractions back to normal except for the gamma globulin levels. Liver nitrogen is a very sensitive index of both protein malnutrition and TPN repletion. The liver is dramatically effected by protein malnutrition and its return toward normal can be achieved by TPN support as demonstrated in this paper.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Urothelial inverse papilloma. Review of the literature (appropos of 2 cases: 1 vesical, the other urethral)].

The authors report two cases of urothelial inverse papilloma and review the 94 observations in the published literature. Some fundamental features of the condition are outlined: 1) DEFINITION: paramalpighian papillary tumor which spreads towards the chorium but does not invade it, and lies under the intact urothelium which is folded towards the lumen of the urinary tract, 2) Site: usually cervicotrigonal but may be urethral; 3) Evolution: usually benign but sometimes recurrent; 4) Histogenesis: abnormal proliferation of Von Brunn's islets. 5) Association: possible with bladder carcinomas.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Comparison of two methods for obtaining size distribution characteristics of particulate matter in large-volume parenterals.

The size distributions of the particulate matter present in six types of large-volume parenteral solutions, as determined by an automatic particle counter and a microscopic counting technique, were compared by plotting log N greater than D versus log D. The resulting data were analyzed individually and also as averages. The data showed a linear relationship between log N greater than D and log D over the 1-100-micron particle-size range, indicating that both methods determine a similar particle-size distribution. The data also indicated that the particle-size distributions were largely independent of the type of solution and obeyed a power law of the form N greater than D = N greater than 1DK. These observations suggest that the major source of contamination is air-borne dust particles, which fall into a solution randomly, and that it may be possible to monitor the smaller, more abundant particles with the automatic particle counter to obtain a rapid estimate of parenteral cleanliness. The automatic particle counter thus appears to be a viable alternative to the microscopic counting technique for assessing the particulate matter content of parenterals.

Drug Contamination↗
PubMed1977

Effects of agitation on size distribution of particulate matter in large-volume parenterals.

The particle-size distributions of six types of large-volume parenterals subjected to different degrees of agitation were determined using an automatic particle counter. Data acquired from each solution, which had been maintained in a stored condition, subjected to agitation by inverting 20 times, and then mechanically shaken for 30 min, produced a linear relationship between log N greater than D and log D. Both the slope (K) and the number of particles per milliliter exceeding 1 micrometer in diameter (N greater than 1) exhibited a dependence on the degree of agitation. Their combined effect indicates that agitation by 20 hand inversions removed particulate matter from the surface of the container, which increased the total number of particles in solution (greater than 1 micrometer) but did not significantly alter the relative size distribution. Agitation for 30 min, however, disintegrated agglomerates and produced a particle-size distribution with a greatly increased number of particles whose diameters were less than 1 micrometer and a corresponding decrease in the number of particles exceeding 1 micrometer in diameter. The particle-size distribution of a parenteral solution determined by this in situ instrumental method was, therefore, dependent upon the degree of agitation to which the parenteral was subjected prior to examination.

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical↗
PubMed1977

Parameter for assessing parenteral cleanliness based on particle-size distributions.

A new parameter for assessing the particulate matter content of large-volume parenteral solutions was developed and tested. Some problems and shortcomings associated with previously proposed standards are discussed, together with the potential advantages of employing the proposed parameter. Cleanliness factors were compared with another parameter and were less susceptible to changes resulting from the method of measurement utilized and the premeasurement conditions encountered by the solution. The use of these cleanliness factors in conjunction with an automatic particle counter is proposed as a worthwhile supplement to the USP-NF standard for monitoring the quality of large-volume parenteral solutions.

Drug Compounding↗