Search PubMed⌕ Search

Biomedical subjects

J Betka

Publications and source records attributed to J Betka.

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

First auditory brainstem implant in the Czech Republic.

In the Czech Republic, the first implantation of a stimulation electrode into the brainstem was performed on 11 January 1999 in the Department of ORL, Head and Neck Surgery, The First Medical Faculty, Charles University in Prague, University Hospital Motol. The selected patient was a 40-year-old woman with neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) who had previously undergone bilateral vestibular schwannoma surgery. Both tumours had been radically removed, the left-sided tumour in 1987, the right-sided one in 1988. She had been completely deaf since the last operation, i.e., for 11 years. The surgery was realized by the international cooperation of three teams. Placement of the electrode pad of the Nucleus CI21 + 1M system on the ventral and dorsal cochlear nuclei was performed. Electrically evoked auditory brainstem responses (EABRs) proved the correct position of the electrode array. The post-operative course was uneventful. Six weeks after the surgery the patient received her speech processor. Since that time, the patient already absolved several sessions of a speech processor tune-up. She uses the device as an aid in lip-reading. No adverse or pathological side effects have been observed. The patient was the 45th person in Europe to receive an ABI and the first in the Czech Republic.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Endogenous lectins (galectins-1 and -3) as probes to detect differentiation-dependent alterations in human squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx and larynx.

Expression of glycan determinants for in situ binding is the prerequisite for a productive protein (lectin)-carbohydrate recognition. Labeled tissue lectins as tools are preferable to plant lectins to assess this parameter, because plant and animal lectins with identical saccharide specification can well differ in their profiles of oligosaccharide binding pattern. Due to their relevance in growth control and matrix adhesion the family of galectins (galactoside-binding metal ion independent animal lectins) is receiving increasing utilization in human biology. Employing biotinylated galectin-1 and galectin-3 we studied the expression of binding sites for these galectins in normal human squamous epithelium and human carcinomas from the oropharyngeal region and larynx in relation to the expression of LP-34+ cytokeratins by the procedure of double labeling. Tissue sites accessible for galectin-1 were located in all layers of normal epithelium and in tumor cells. In contrast, galectin-3 binding was suprabasal in the normal epithelium and in tumor cells exhibiting signs of keratinization. These results reveal differences in the localization of accessible sites for the two galectins. Relating to cell development galectin-3 appeared to display affinity to areas with increased extent of differentiation.

Antigens, Differentiation↗
PubMed2000

[Malignant mucosal melanoma of the head and neck].

Mucosal melanoma comparison to cutaneous melanoma of the head and neck are rare and do poorly. Approximately 0.5-2% of all melanomas occur from the mucous membranes of aerodigestive tract. Most common site of the tumor are the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses but melanoma of the oral cavity are described too. Therapy usually consists of surgical resection with or without postoperative radiotherapy and immunochemotherapy eventually. The definite role of a kind of therapy in the treatment of mucosal melanoma is not remains to be defined as the small number of cases make prospective study challenging. This article reviews 19 patients with mucosal melanoma of the head and neck treated at the Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Charles University of Prague since 1980 to 1999. Clinical data were obtained from the patient's charts. Analysis of the metastatic disease, type of therapy and follow-up was retrospectively reviewed. The site of the tumor was the lateral wall of the nasal cavity (five cases), nasal septum (four cases), maxilar cavity (two cases), and ethmoidal cavity, orbitoethmoidal complex, nasopharynx, saccus lacrimalis to ethmoidal sinuses diffused, tonsilla (one case each) and hypopharynx (two cases). Primary treatment was surgical resection in ten cases, in one case with radiation therapy, and in seven cases chemotherapy. In three cases were diagnostic surgery only and one patient was without therapy. Three patients received radical neck dissection more. Four patients were treated radiation therapy and three chemotherapy after surgery. In two cases were surgery after primary radiotherapy. For nine cases of recurrence of the disease were surgery (in five cases) and chemotherapy (in four cases). Overal and disease free interval was from 2 to 22 month, approximately 9.3 month and 3-year survival was 41.18%.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Biodegradation of silicone in voice prosthesis].

The most important problem of the useful life of vocal prostheses is bacterial and especially mycotic colonization of their surface which impaired tightness of the closing valve of the prosthesis and caused subsequent leakage of fluids and food into the airways. The objective of the present study was to prevent colonization of the silicone surface and to prolong the service life of the prosthesis. The implanted prostheses were examined under microscope after varying intervals in vivo. The silicone of the implanted prosthesis was colonized by numerous microorganisms, in particular moulds. Seventeen bacterial and mycotic strains were identified. They behave to Candida, Acinetobacter, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Bacillus and Chryseomonas. The results confirmed the deep degradation of silicone rubber located in islets. Plant of bacterial tissue were inoculated on two types of silicone disks. Two types of silicone were tested (Silastic Q7-4550-50ShA and Q7-4765-65) after 4, 8 and 12-week exposure. Neither of these materials was attacked by mycotic agents in vitro. Only frame print was appreciable in five hundred times magnification. The second object of the study was to recognize the main degradation factor that means a kind of microorganism. The ability of microorganisms to assimilate oligo- and polyorganosiloxans was studied. Candida albicans does not seem like a typical microorganism assimilating silicon rubber. The results of our study proved Microccus as a typical vector which assimilates silicone.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2000

[An unusual case of primary hyperparathyroidism in a woman with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome].

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) has been known to coincide with different forms of other neoplasias; however, parathyroid adenoma in this syndrome has not previously been described. The authors report a case of such association in a 50-year old white woman. The adenoma was verified before operation by biochemical, isotopic and cytologic methods and later, after the excision of adenoma, histologically.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1997

Surgical treatment strategy for thyroid gland carcinoma nodal metastases.

The authors present their experience with surgical treatment for nodal metastases of thyroid carcinoma based on neck dissections. The specificity of the surgical approach to the lymph nodes was determined by the biologic behavior of each thyroid tumor. Using the available literature on metastases from thyroid tumors, an opinion is supported that surgery for differentiated carcinomas (papillary and follicular neoplasms) can be more conservative and can be safely limited to modified neck dissections. In contrast, a more extended type of selective neck dissection, and only rarely a comprehensive neck dissection, is needed for medullary carcinoma. Because of its rapid spread to distant sites local aggressivity, extirpation of individual lymph nodes or neck dissection is not justified in patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma, Follicular↗
PubMed1997

Laryngeal papilloma--precancerous condition?

In a group of 179 patients treated for recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis 668 surgeries were performed in the years 1982-1995 in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery in Prague. The group was divided into 77 patients with a juvenile form of papillomatosis and 102 patients with an adult form. The adult form was then divided into a multiple (65 patients) and solitary form (37 patients). Three patients with a juvenile form of papillomatosis were irradiated in advance. None of these patients developed a carcinoma. There were 3 cases (1.7%) of carcinoma in the whole group of patients with histologically verified papillomas during repeated previous surgeries. All 3 patients with malignancy had an adult form of papillomatosis, two with a multiple form and one with a solitary form. The intervals between the first treatment for papilloma and the diagnosis of carcinoma was 8, 3 and 2 years.The rates of malignant transformation of papillomas vary in the literature. We suppose, that because of the generally long interval between the diagnosis of papilloma and that of carcinoma, to make a final conclusion of a certain ratio is very difficult. We envisage that in our group of patients with papillomatosis new cases of carcinoma will occur in the future.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

[Voice prostheses mechanisms in total laryngectomy].

Loss of the voice after laryngectomy eliminates to a great extent patient's social life. Apart from other frequently used methods in laryngectomized patients, a number of tracheoesophageal vents called voice prostheses, has been developed in past decade. A survey of their most important features is given. A basic way of induction of these vents with technique of tracheoesophageal functions is described.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1997

[Voice rehabilitation with the Provox system after total laryngectomy].

Total laryngectomy has a profound impact on the life of a patient. The loss of the larynx creates a major communication problem that can result in disruption of the patients normal pattern of social interaction. It is for this reason that adaptation to the loss of normal speech has been the focus of research on the rehabilitation of laryngectomized patients. Tracheoesophageal puncture and induction of the voice prosthesis have very well results in rehabilitation of the voice. The long terms clinical results obtained by experience with any of the complication are described. We use 4 types of voice prosthesis (Provox, Blom-Singer, Bivona Colorado and Czech prosthesis). We have very good experiences with system Provox. Our collection of the patients with Provox prostheses are 53 patients after total laryngectomy. All tracheoesophageal punctures were done in second time. Over 85% patients were able to produce satisfying voice. Speech quality was evaluated by Robe scale. 38.9% of them can speak fluently, which corresponds with a category F. Local inflammatory reaction occurred in 28.1% that resulted in extrusion or removal of voice prostheses in 14.2% patients. Use of voice prostheses in rehabilitation of laryngectomized patients occupies a significant place.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Plasma and tissue levels of cytokines and adhesive molecules in patients before strumectomy].

From a group of 134 patients with complete documentation before goitrectomy the authors selected 10 histologically defined cases of (A) simple colloid nodular goitre, (B) toxic parenchymatous goitre type GB and (C) autoimmune thyroiditis. Marked hormonal suppression was achieved in group B by thyrostatic therapy, as compared with A and C, the autoantibody titres (TGAb and TMAb) differentiated the groups. The authors examined the interleukin 6 concentrations and those of its soluble receptor (IL-6, IL-6R), of the tumour necrotizing factor alpha (TNF-alpha) interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and of adhesion molecules ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. Plasma values were, except for not very significant differences, similar in all groups and ruled out a marked effect on tissue levels. The most remarkable finding in the homogenate of a peroperative excision were low IL-6, IL-6R and adhesion molecule values in group A, as compared with B and C and the absence of differences in TNF-alpha values between groups and in particular markedly higher IFN-gamma values in group B which supports theories on the etiopathogenetic role of this cytokine in GB disease. The pilot study is part of the preparation of in situ hybridization of mRNA for diagnostically usable cytokines.

Cell Adhesion Molecules↗
PubMed1994

Antibody response to a synthetic peptide derived from the human papillomavirus type 6/11 L2 protein in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis: correlation between Southern blot hybridization, polymerase chain reaction, and serology.

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is the most common benign tumour of the larynx, affecting both children and adults. We present a series of 25 patients, including 10 cases of juvenile multiple, 8 cases of adult solitary, and 7 cases of adult multiple RRP. Biopsy tissue from each patient was screened by Southern blot hybridization and polymerase chain reaction for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA. Sera from patients and age- and sex-matched controls were tested for the presence of HPV-specific antibodies using a synthetic peptide derived from the minor capsid protein (L2) of HPV 6/11. By Southern blot hybridization and/or polymerase chain reaction, biopsies from all patients were positive for HPV 6/11 DNA. There was no difference in antibody response between cases and controls. Female cases and controls had significantly higher antibody titers than male subjects. A correlation was observed between the HPV-specific antibody level and the number of surgery-necessitating recurrences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Carcinoma of the cervical esophagus].

Resection of carcinoma of the cervical portion of the oesophagus, if it is to be radical surgery, calls as a rule for concurrent laryngectomy. Patients with severe dysphagia accept gladly even this variant of surgery. In the authors' opinion it is safest to replace the extirpated oesophagus by the colon on a vascular pedicle of the left colic arteries. In some instances in that case even the caecum remains vital. Perspectively the method of choice of a resected cervical oesophagus will be replacement by an isolated jejunal loop.

Esophageal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1990

[Personal experience with antibiotic prophylaxis in extensive otorhinolaryngologic procedures].

The authors compare the effectiveness of three types of antibiotic prophylaxis (1. cephazoline, 2. combination ampicillin + oxacillin, 3. clindamycin) in a group of 32 patients with resection of oropharyngeal carcinomas and in a group of 47 laryngectomies with cervical block resection. The criterium is the incidence of postoperative infections, which called for a change of antibiotic treatment. The authors evaluates favourably prophylaxis with cephazoline and clindamycin; the incidence of complications is within the range of 17-30%. In ampicillin + oxacillin therapy unsatisfactory results with a 46% incidence of inflammatory complications were recorded. A gram-negative flora causes 45% infectious complications; the author also draws attention to the danger of anaerobic infections. In a primarily contaminated oropharyngeal area there is an incidence of postoperative infections by 30% higher in all types of evaluated prophylaxis, as compared with the laryngocervical area.

Ampicillin↗
PubMed1990

Surgical procedure and results of implantation of the Czech cochlear neuroprosthesis.

A special surgical procedure was developed for the implantation of the Czech single-channel extracochlear neuroprosthesis. The implantation was performed in four adult, postlingually deaf subjects. In one patient a successful reimplantation was performed. The authors assess the implant patients' ability to differentiate changes in simple stimulation signals.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

[Supraglottic jet ventilation during direct laryngoscopy].

During 1983-1987 at the ENT Clinic, Faculty of General Medicine, Charles University, Prague 779 direct laryngoscopic examinations made where the technique of supraglottic ventilation was used. The method was introduced for the sake of greater safety during laser surgery of the larynx in the first 57 patients analysis of the blood gases in capillary blood was performed and the results were satisfactory. The technique which is described in detail is considered equally reliable and safe as ventilation by classical intubation. It provides, however, a better overall orientation of the larynx, better use of the laser technique, it saves operation time and intubation material.

High-Frequency Jet Ventilation↗
PubMed1989

[The present state of implantations of cochlear neuroprostheses worldwide].

Cochlear implants provide the patient with acoustic perceptions. The quality of these perceptions varies individually and a technically more complicated implant does not imply a better quality of the achieved acoustic perceptions. The authors submit an account of the present state of cochlear implants on a world-wide scale as well as on the electrophysiological background of implantations, the type of electrodes, processing of the acoustic signal and surgical procedures. Development of the implant is an interdisciplinary problem in which otologists, audiologists, experts in electronics, electrophysiologists, phoniatrists and psychologists participate. The work was implemented during the preparation of the Czech single-channel electrocochlear neuroprosthesis.

Cochlear Implants↗
PubMed1989

[Selection of candidates for cochlear implants].

The successful results of cochlear implantation depend on the correct selection of patients. Suitable candidates for operation are healthy adult, postlingually deaf subjects with a positive promontor test and adequate motivation. In the selection participates an otologist, audiologist, phoniatrist and psychologist. The authors describe their own experience with the selection of hitherto implanted patients and the importance of different tests.

Adult↗