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Biomedical subjects

J Bertrand

Publications and source records attributed to J Bertrand.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Hepatitis due to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents].

The extended prescription of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in medical practice involve numerous adverse effects. Among them, hepatic injuries, rather uncommon, are very diverse with regard to clinical type and evolution scheme, according to the derivatives used. Salicylates, when taken at high doses, increase serum transaminases, mostly without overt clinical symptoms. Phenylbutazone is obviously hepatotoxic: it induces cytolytic hepatitis, in some cases with fatal issue. Among the indole derivatives, indometacine was involved, especially in children; mixed hepatitis have been noted during sulindac therapy, mostly with favourable outcome. In the group of propionic acid derivatives, ibuprofen, pirprofen and naproxen have been implicated in hepatitis of various types; ibufenac and benoxaprofen were quickly retired after occasioning several deaths. Concerning others non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, some cases have been reported with piroxicam and diclofenac. Hepatotoxicity mechanisms are often unknown; they appear different according to each drug. Besides, the rheumatic disease under treatment and pharmacokinetic particularities (sulindac, diclofenac) might be important in this view. Monitoring of serum hepatic-enzyme concentrations seems recommended for patients receiving non-steroidal anti-inflammatory for long time therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Fine needle cytopuncture of the pancreas. Apropos of 45 cases].

In this report, we examined the sensitivity and specificity of pancreatic fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. Aspiration cytodiagnosis was performed in 45 patients (36 cancers and 9 benign pancreatic lesions) using a 22 Gauge fine needle either percutaneously in 25 patients with real-time ultrasonic guidance or during surgery in 20 patients. Cytologic examination included a precise description and the classification in one of the 4 Papanicolaou classes, the fourth only being considered as positive in terms of cancer. No complication occurred with either technic. Overall sensitivity was 75 p. 100, 74 p. 100 percutaneously and 77 p. 100 intraoperatively, but specificity was 78 p. 100 due to two false-positive results recorded among the 9 benign lesions. Retrospective analysis of cytologic examinations of the 29 class IV lesions led us to differentiate cases with "sure malignancy" (20 cases) from those with "strong suspicion of malignancy" (9 cases including the 2 false-positives). Only class IV lesions with "sure malignancy" call for aggressive treatment, whereas a "strong suspicion of malignancy", which may result from carcinoma or severe cellular abnormalities occasionally found in inflammatory pancreatic lesions, should lead to a second pancreatic aspiration.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

[Propagation of the gastric peristalsis in normal subjects and duodenal ulcer patients].

The velocities of gastric peristaltic waves were measured on fluorographic series made in normal subjects and patients with duodenal ulcer. After an overnight fast, the subjects drank 250 ml of barium suspension. Sequential radiograms were taken every 2 s during 30 s after two pyloric ejections. Peristaltic waves were located and their displacements measured with an Apple Graphic Tablet. Wave progression diagrams and velocity histograms were drawn for each subject. The velocities were calculated every 2 s. A "spread index" Ip was determined for each subject, characterizing the irregularity of propagation. Mean frequency and mean velocity were greater in duodenal ulcer patients (3.6 c/min; 3.7 mm/s) than in normal subjects (2.9 c/min; 2.4 mm/s; p less than 0.001). Nevertheless, no significant difference was found between proximal or midcorpus and antral velocities, in ulcer patients as well as in normal subjects, contrarily to classical data. However, the velocities were not uniform along the stomach. The contractions spread unevenly and displayed transient slopes. The irregularities of propagation were more pronounced in normal subjects, ranging from 0 to 14 mm/s with 28 p. 100 of velocities less than 1 mm/s, then in ulcer patients (0 to 13 mm/s with 12 p. 100 of low velocities). The spread index Ip was greater in normal (ranged from 0.54 to 2.62) than in ulcer patients (ranged from 0.16 to 0.48; p less than 0.001). This study showed that the propagation velocity of the peristaltic waves and its regularity were different in normal subjects and in duodenal ulcer patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Prolactin receptor regulation by LH in the rat mammary gland.

The aim of this study was to investigate hormonal factors responsible for the huge increase in PRL receptors on the day of estrus in the rat mammary gland. For this purpose, ovariectomized rats were primed with E2 so as to reach a physiological serum concentration of E2 (21.5 +/- 1.2 pg/ml) and high PRL serum values (72.8 +/- 21.9 ng/ml). In these conditions, PRL specific binding and capacity were respectively 22.8 +/- 8.3%/mg protein and 96 +/- 29 fm/mg protein. An injection of either LHRH (500 ng/rat) or LH (60 micrograms LH-RP1/rat) was capable of increasing significantly both PRL specific binding and capacity. Capacity reached the values of 498 +/- 103 and 507 +/- 240 fm/mg protein for LHRH and LH respectively. LHRH action appeared to be mainly mediated through LH secretion, since no difference was found between LHRH and LH. LHRH and LH injections alone were unable to modify PRL binding, suggesting that they only potentiate E2 and PRL action. These results show for the first time that LH is involved in the regulation of PRL receptors in the rat mammary gland.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

beta-Endorphin in genetically hypoprolactinemic rat: IPL nude rat.

Beta-endorphin has been reported to regulate not only stress- and suckling-induced but also basal prolactin secretion. In the aim to better evaluate the endogenous beta-endorphin-prolactin interrelation, we measured beta-endorphin levels in a new rat strain, genetically hypoprolactinemic and characterized by a total lack of lactation: IPL nude rat. Beta-endorphin was measured using a specific anti-h-beta endorphin in plasma and extracts of anterior and neurointermediate lobes of the pituitary, hypothalamus and brain. Pituitary extracts were also chromatographed on Sephadex G50 column. Results obtained showed that in IPL nude females on diestrus and males, the beta-endorphin contents of the neurointermediate lobe was significantly lower than in normal rats, while the values found in the other organs and plasma were similar. However, elution pattern of the anterior pituitary extract from male rats showed greater immunoactivity eluting as I125 h-beta-endorphin than in normal rat; this was not the case for the female rat. These results are consistent with a differential regulation of beta-endorphin levels of anterior and neurointermediate lobe by catecholamines. Moreover they suggest that PRL secretion was more related to neurointermediate beta-endorphin.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Steroid regulation of gonadotropins in genetically hypoprolactinemic females (IPL nude rats).

IPL nude females present an absence of lactation with hypoprolactinemia. While males present a slight but significant decrease in serum testosterone and gonadotropins, females show normal values of estradiol, progesterone, LH and FSH during all estrus cycle stages. In this work, we observed that the postovariectomy rise of LH and FSH was significantly lower in the IPL nude females. We studied also the effect of acute (1 injection of 25 micrograms/rat E2Bz) or long-term (E2Bz capsule for 8 days) estradiol benzoate (E2Bz) treatment, with or without progesterone injection (5 mg/rat) in ovariectomized (OVX) IPL and normal females. The sensitivity of gonadotropins to E2 negative feedback is decreased in the IPL nude rats, result in agreement with previous reports and which could be linked to both hypoprolactinemia and decreased beta-endorphin observed in the IPL nude rat. The responsiveness of LH to LHRH was also tested in OVX and OVX + E2Bz or OVX + E2B + P treated. In OVX females responsiveness of LH to LHRH was similar in IPL nude to that of normal females. However, LH responsiveness in acute and long-term steroid-treated OVX IPL nude was significantly depressed. Since the mechanism whereby PRL interacts with steroids to modify gonadotropin secretion is still unexplained, IPL nude rat could be a good model to study it.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Scintigraphy in duodeno-gastric reflux: a new method of quantification.

A prospective study is undertaken in order to demonstrate the ability of scintigraphy with a non compartmental analysis to quantitate the duodeno-gastric reflux. 24 patients have been examined, sitting in front of a gamma camera: 12 with an endoscopically proved reflux and 12 normal subjects or volunteers. About 15 min after an injection of 148 to 222 MBq 99Tcm-IDA they were given a meal labelled with 37 MBq 113Inm-DTPA. Images were recorded for 2 h. Equal size gastric and duodenal ROIs were selected over the duodenum and stomach, avoiding overlap with neighbouring organs. The reflux index based upon the occupancy principle is calculated from the gastric and duodenal curves. It is the ratio between the gastric and duodenal ROI IDA fluxes. The value of the reflux index is 3 +/- 1.8% in normal subjects and 45 +/- 33% in pathological cases. Our method, which does not require intubation, quantitatively evaluates biliary reflux independently of injected dose and hepatic or gallbladder function.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Usefulness of plasma pregnenolone sulfate in testing pituitary-adrenal function in children.

In normal subjects, plasma pregnenolone sulfate (PS) levels high at birth, decreased during the first year of life in relation to the pattern of involution of the fetal adrenal zone. Thereafter, PS levels, in contrast with those of DHAS, did not show the abrupt rise characteristic of the adrenarche, but increased very progressively till adulthood. The response of PS to various provocative tests of adrenal and pituitary function (ACTH and Metyrapone stimulation, dexamethasone suppression), has been established in normal subjects. The measurement of plasma PS levels in basal conditions as well as in response to dynamic tests was very useful in the diagnosis of various adrenal and pituitary diseases in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

[Absence of an increase in prolactin receptors on the day of estrus in the mammary gland of the nu IPL rat].

Ovine prolactin (o-PRL) binding to rat mammary gland membranes has been shown to vary during the estrous cycle in the normal rat. In this study we report the characteristics of o-PRL binding to mammary gland membranes throughout the estrous cycle in a new rat strain, IPL nude, which presents a total absence of lactation. Prolactin receptors were quantified in the 100 000 g pellet. The mean value of the affinity constant in IPL nude rat was 16.7 X 10(9) M-1 and no variation was observed throughout the estrous cycle. The binding capacity also remained unchanged and the values were situated between 11.6 +/- 1.1. fmoles/mg protein and 38.6 +/- 12.3 fmoles/mg protein, corresponding to the lowest values obtained in normal rat. On the day of estrus, the prolactin binding capacity in the mammary gland of the IPL nude rat was significantly different from that of normal rat. These findings confirm that prolactin certainly plays an important role in the induction or stimulation of the rat mammary gland function.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

[Severe constipation indicative of pseudohypoparathyroidism and resolved after normalization of the blood calcium].

Hypocalcemia does not appear among the endocrine and metabolic causes of constipation. The work-up of a severe constipation has disclosed a pseudo-hypoparathyroidism according to the clinical picture described by Albright, associating signs of hypo-parathyroidism, a characteristic dysmorphic syndrome, mental deficiency and normal PTH dosages. The resolve of the constipation along with the return to a normal calcemia suggests that hypocalcemia should be added to the long list of endocrine and metabolic causes of constipation.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Morphological and functional effects of extracellular matrix on pancreatic islet cell cultures.

Extracellular matrix (ECM) has been reported to enhance epithelial cell attachment and proliferation as well as to induce differentiation in vitro. In an attempt to determine the benefits of culturing pancreatic islet cells on ECM, we studied the morphological and functional patterns of rat islet cells and an insulin-secreting tumor cell line. ECM enhanced islet cell attachment and proliferation when compared to plastic, as suggested by a higher specific activity of DNA synthesis and a higher mitotic index. Cells on ECM were heterogeneous in size and insulin content. They showed extended areas of confluence. Cultures on plastic demonstrated an organisation in clusters and low mitotic activity. However, ECM did not allow for reconstitution of an islet-like structure. When compared to plastic, an initial decrease in basal and stimulated insulin secretion per million cells was observed on ECM, but B-cell activity was restored after 6 days of culture. Glucagon and somatostatin secretion were similar on both substrates. These data suggest that ECM enhances markedly islet cells attachment and proliferation, as well as long-term culture maintenance.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

Effect of indolamines on beta-endorphin release by rat anterior pituitary cells.

The effect of indolamine derivatives on beta-endorphin (beta-end) release has been studied in vitro using rat anterior pituitary cells. Incubation of primary cultures for 2 h with 100 nmol/l of melatonin, serotonin or 5-methoxytryptamine significantly increased the beta-end release in response to 20 nmol/l of ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (oCRF). Incubation of the cultures with 100 nmol/l of L-tryptophan, 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, 5-hydroxytryptophol or 5-methoxytryptophol had no effect on basal or CRF-induced beta-end release. The effect of serotonin and melatonin was further tested in a superfusion system of dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells. Superfusion with oCRF (200 nmol/l) for 4 min elicited an immediate rapid increase in beta-end release which lasted 30-40 min. Simultaneous superfusion with melatonin (1 mumol/l) or serotonin (1 mumol/l) significantly increased the effect of oCRF pulses on beta-end release. We conclude that melatonin and serotonin are able to act directly on anterior pituitary cells to potentiate the effect of oCRF on beta-end release.

5-Hydroxytryptophan↗