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Biomedical subjects

J Bernstein

Publications and source records attributed to J Bernstein.

At least 217 records · Page 12Linked to original sources
PubMed1984

Imipramine inhibiton of ragweed allergic conjunctivitis.

Twenty-seven patients sensitive to ragweed pollen were treated with topical imipramine 0.05% in one eye and vehicle in the other in a double-masked fashion. The eyes treated with imipramine showed significantly less redness, tearing, and discomfort after exposure to pollen extract. Imipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, appears to be an effective antihistamine in the eye.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1983

Overview of efficacy of fenbufen in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.

Fenbufen (Cinopal) has been evaluated extensively in 155 clinical trials, including 102 in rheumatoid arthritis and 53 in osteoarthritis. Forty-nine of these trials involving 12 protocols have been identified as pivotal. All 12 protocols (six rheumatoid arthritis and six osteoarthritis) were double-blind and controlled, with the duration of treatment ranging from four weeks to one year, and included sufficient patient populations to detect important differences in efficacy between fenbufen and the reference agents. Evaluation of the efficacy results was based on the standard parameters commonly measured for rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The primary evaluation point was the end of four weeks of therapy. Results of the 49 studies employing the 12 pivotal protocols, demonstrated that fenbufen, given in divided daily doses of 600 to 1,000 mg, provided significant anti-inflammatory effects. These effects were superior to placebo and comparable to those attained with full therapeutic doses of aspirin, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, and ozyphenbutazone. Long-term trials provided important information as to the relative effectiveness and tolerance of fenbufen in the management of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. The proportion of fenbufen-treated patients able to continue long-term therapy was substantially greater than the proportion of aspirin-, indomethacin-, or placebo-treated patients. Results from these trials indicate that fenbufen provides a more favorable ratio of benefit to risk than either aspirin or indomethacin.

Anti-Inflammatory Agents↗
PubMed1983

Acetaminophen nephrotoxicity in the rat. I. Strain differences in nephrotoxicity and metabolism.

Acetaminophen (APAP) produced renal necrosis restricted to the straight segment of the proximal tubule in Fischer 344 (F344) rats but not in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. APAP-induced renal functional changes (elevation in blood urea nitrogen and reduction in the accumulation of p-aminohippurate by renal cortical slices) also correlated with strain-dependent histopathological changes. Such strain differences have been attributed to differences in renal P-450 activation of APAP or the deacetylation of APAP to the nephrotoxic metabolite, p-aminophenol (PAP). Kidneys from F344 rats displayed greater concentrations of P-450 and greater ethoxycoumarin-o-deethylase activity than kidneys from SD rats. However, covalent binding of [ring-14C]APAP to renal and hepatic microsomal protein in vitro was similar for both SD and F344 rats. Deacetylation of APAP to PAP was similar in renal and hepatic homogenates from SD and F344 rats. Furthermore, isolated kidneys from SD and F344 rats perfused with APAP excreted PAP at similar rates. PAP excretion, over a 24-hr period following APAP administration, was greater in F344 rats than in SD rats only at the highest dose (900 mg/kg) of APAP. Thus, strain differences in APAP-induced nephrotoxicity apparently cannot be attributed to differences in P-450 activation of APAP or in deacetylation to the nephrotoxic metabolite, PAP.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1983

Acetaminophen nephrotoxicity in the rat. II. Strain differences in nephrotoxicity and metabolism of p-aminophenol, a metabolite of acetaminophen.

Acetaminophen (APAP) produces renal necrosis restricted to the straight segment of the proximal tubule in Fischer 344 (F344) rats. On the other hand, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats are extremely resistant to the nephrotoxic effects of APAP. Such strain differences may be due to different susceptibilities to the nephrotoxic metabolite, p-aminophenol (PAP). PAP administration in both strains of rats resulted in a renal lesion indistinguishable from the APAP-induced renal lesion in F344 rats. The PAP-induced renal lesions in F344 rats, however, were generally more severe than those in SD rats. PAP-induced renal functional changes (elevation in blood urea nitrogen and reduction in the accumulation of p-aminohippurate by renal cortical slices) correlated with strain-dependent histopathological changes. Analysis of urinary metabolites over a 24-hr period following PAP administration (200 and 400 mg/kg) indicated that more PAP was excreted as APAP in SD than in F344 rats. Covalent binding of PAP to renal microsomes in vitro was much greater in F344 rats than in SD rats at substrate concentrations less than 5 mM. These results suggest that strain differences in PAP-induced nephrotoxicity may be related to differences in the intrarenal activation of PAP. Furthermore, strain differences in APAP-induced nephrotoxicity may be related to strain differences in the activation of the nephrotoxic metabolite, PAP.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1983

Effects of the Shearing posterior chamber intraocular lens on the corneal endothelium.

A consecutive group of 67 patients (70 eyes) with senile cataract underwent extracapsular cataract extraction and implantation of a Shearing posterior chamber intraocular lens. After two years of follow-up, there was an 11% +/- 2% decrease in central cell density (P less than .001), a 20% +/- 2% decrease in superior cell density (P less than .001), and a 5% +/- 3% decrease in inferior cell density (P less than .005). Complications included corneal edema requiring a corneal transplant (one patient), a sterile nonhealing ulcer that required a conjunctival flap (one patient), and secondary glaucoma (one patient). Nine patients had visual acuities poorer than 20/40 but none had cystoid macular edema. Primary or secondary capsulotomy did not significantly increase endothelial cell loss. Central endothelial cell loss from extracapsular cataract extraction with Shearing posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation was correlated with age, as well as with preoperative superior endothelial cell density (P less than .05).

Aged↗
PubMed1983

Visual internal urethrotomy in management or urethral strictures.

Visual internal urethrotomy was used in the treatment of urethral strictures in 103 patients. The procedure was performed mostly under local anesthesia. Urethral catheter for forty-eight hours or urethral splinting for two weeks was used as complementary treatment in some cases. We obtained an overall success rate of 95.1 per cent.

Anesthesia, Local↗
PubMed1983

Atheromatous embolization.

Atheromatous emboli occur spontaneously or may be secondary to surgery or trauma. Thurlbeck and Castleman found a 77% incidence of atheromatous emboli to the kidney following the surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms. Atheromatous debris may be dislodged following aortography, renal arteriography, and left heart catheterization via the right femoral artery. External trauma, including hip fracture, external cardiac message, and blunt abdominal trauma have initiated peripheral atheromatous embolization. The incidence of this phenomenon may be higher than documented in the literature, since it is difficult to establish the diagnosis prior to death. Atheromatous emboli should be suspected clinically in elderly patients with sudden onset of pain and ischemia of the lower extremities or unexplained renal failure. At the present time, multiple atheromatous emboli may be treated symptomatically only. Muscle biopsy, retinal examination, and kidney biopsy may be used to differentiate atheromatous embolization from other clinical entities.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1983

Evolution of renal segmental atrophy (Ask-Upmark kidney) in children with vesicoureteric reflux: radiographic and morphologic studies.

A radiographic and morphologic study of nine patients with renal segmental "hypoplasia," whose kidneys were radiographically normal when first examined, showed the lesion to be a form of localized, progressive renal atrophy. The renal abnormality bears a strong relationship to vesicoureteric reflux, which could be demonstrated in every patient. No evidence of renal scarring or atrophy was observed in initial roentgenographic examinations at a mean age of 2.9 years (range 0.1 to 10 years); however, serial studies during five to 14 years after discovery of vesicoureteral reflux demonstrated both a lack of renal growth and a progressive loss of substance irrespective of infection. Radiographic lengths of scarred kidneys, as measures of renal growth, correlated poorly with the radiographic surface areas of the renal parenchymal outlines. The mean time from discovery of vesicoureteric reflux to appearance of a renal scar was 6.1 years, and to onset of hypertension in six patients was 7.8 years. The renal abnormality consisted of lobar atrophy with variable tubular atrophy and glomerular sclerosis and with parenchymal destruction that in some specimens had proceeded to a complete loss of nephronic elements. The occasional presence of relatively well-preserved glomeruli and tubules and of focal segmental sclerosis within persisting glomeruli was taken as evidence of a progressive renal abnormality, as opposed to a static developmental hypoplasia. These observations indicate that renal scarring, the injury presumably having been initiated by vesicoureteric reflux, can progress despite correction of the reflux and despite prevention of urinary tract infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Urethral stricture after cardiovascular surgery, a retrospective and a prospective study.

In a review of our cases presenting with urethral stricture we noted a high incidence following cardiovascular surgery. A retrospective study was done, including 87 patients treated for urethral stricture and 304 undergoing open heart surgery during the same period, to search for a possible etiologic factor. A prospective study also was done on 98 patients subjected to cardiovascular surgery. Strictures developed in 17.5 per cent of 63 patients who had a urethral catheter placed for urinary diversion at operation compared to none of 35 who had a suprapubic cystocatheter. We believe that the urethral catheter is at least partly responsible for stricture formation. Associated factors, for example urethral ischemia, may be contributory.

Cardiac Surgical Procedures↗
PubMed1983

Analysis of incision depth following experimental radial keratotomy.

Eight-incision radial keratotomy was performed on a series of cadaver eyes using ultrasonic pachymetry and both metal and diamond blades. There were no statistically significant differences in mean corneal flattening (approximately 9.5 diopters) obtained with either the diamond or metal blades. Short diamond knife incisions produced less flattening that was statistically significant (5.8 diopters). Histologic analysis of incision depth revealed similar results with both the diamond (84%) and metal (86%) blades.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1983

Project health care at Bellevue Hospital.

Project Health Care is a program which uses college students considering careers in health care, as summer volunteers in the Emergency Department of a large, municipal hospital. It began with a small group in 1981, and was expanded the following year to include 16 students. The program was designed to provide opportunities for service and observation in various out-patient settings, seminars, lectures and individual and group projects. The project benefitted all participants. For the Emergency Department staff it stimulated better communication with non-professionals; for the hospital it provided intelligent, enthusiastic volunteer help while aiding community relations, and for the volunteers it provided an opportunity to make educated career decisions.

Emergency Service, Hospital↗
PubMed1983

New York City's Poison Control Center: a systematic approach to a complex problem.

A pooling of public and private resources has created a regional poison control system which provides information and education to the medical and lay communities of metropolitan New York City. An overview of the poisoning problem on a national scale is followed by a description of the operations by the Center, and a special volunteer effort.

Drug Information Services↗
PubMed1983

The pulmonary ethanol metabolizing system (PET).

Rat lung slices incubated in a Krebs ringer bicarbonate buffer respired at a rate of 0.62 mumoles/g lung X min. Respiration was inhibited by cyanide and stimulated by dinitrophenol. PET was insensitive to the action of pyrazole, cyanide or azide. Lung microsomes metabolized ethanol at rates which were less than 1% of PET. They showed an apparent Km for ethanol of the order of 10 mM and a Vmax of about 7 nmoles acetaldehyde/mg prot X min. Oxidation of ethanol by lung slices to acetaldehyde and CO2 was less than 0.3% and 1.15% than PET, respectively. Chromatographic determination of the products of ethanol metabolism by lung slices showed that a metabolite similar to glucuronic acid was formed. It is concluded that PET is a nonoxidative process which from the evidence presented in this work, would seem to involve the formation of ethyl glucuronide.

Acetaldehyde↗