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Biomedical subjects

J Bernheim

Publications and source records attributed to J Bernheim.

At least 271 records · Page 15Linked to original sources
PubMed1980

Effect of furosemide on renal prostaglandins E2 and F2 alpha in normal subjects and in patients with essential hypertension.

The urinary excretion of prostaglandins (PG) E2 and F2 alpha, which reflects the renal synthesis of these substances, was evaluated by radioimmunoassay before and after an i.v. injection of furosemide in 10 normal subjects and in 10 patients with essential hypertension. In most normal subjects, urinary PGE2 increased after furosemide injection, whereas PGF2 alpha decreased to undetectable levels. In the hypertensive subjects, PGE2 increased to a lesser degree or decreased, but PGF2 alpha excretion was unchanged or augmented. These results suggest that furosemide may increase PGE2 synthesis not only by increasing the availability of the substrate arachidonic acid or by inhibiting the action of the catabolizing enzyme 15-hydroxyl-PG-dehydrogenase, as has been proposed, but also by depressing the activity of the enzyme PGE2-9-ketoreductase, which catalyzes the conversion of PGE2 to PGF2 alpha. In essential hypertension, an increased activity of PGE2-9-ketoreductase could explain the decreased levels of PGE2 that have recently been described in these patients. Whether these abnormalities in PG interconversion play a role in the pathogenesis of the hypertensive state or are secondary to it remains a question for further investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

[Inverted type urothelial cell bladder papillomas. Three new cases (author's transl)].

The authors report 3 new cases of inverted bladder papillomas, the first presenting with hematuria and the others at the time of urological examination for dysuria due to prostatic hypertrophy. Intravenous urography showed the tumour as a regular polycyclic filling defect of the base of the bladder. Macroscopically, such tumours are polypoid, whitish-grey and firm in consistency. Histologically, they are surrounded by a thin paramalpighian epithelium from which there is deep penetration of layers of tumour with an intact basal membrane and well differentiated paramalpighian type tumour cells without mitosis. The authors feel that this particular type of benign tumour develops from the sub-trigonal glands of Home, passing via the intermediate stage of the islets of von Brunn. The special histological characteristics of these inverted bladder papillomas suffice to distinguish them from other epithelial tumours with an uncertain prognosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

[Medical ethics in prison medicine].

A series of situations and decisions involving medical ethics in a prison medical service are discussed. The doctor's independence is considered in relation to his contract with administrative authorities. In contrast with most private doctor-patient relationships, there is usually no possibility for prisoners to choose their doctor and vice-versa. Freedom of consent on the part of the patient may also imply a right to no-treatment. Medical care in prison is not easy to delineate, also because patients often try to involve the doctor in non-medical demands. A prison doctor should avoid taking part in decisions which ought to be made by the judiciary or by administrative authorities. Programmes involving preventive medicine and sociotherapy imply collaboration between therapeutic and security staff. The continuous interplay and readjustment between powers based on public authority, on the rights of each individual prisoner and on the medical programmes makes it possible for some sort of therapeutic freedom to exist in the prison.

Ethics, Medical↗
PubMed1979

[Leiomyoma of the small bowel with hypercalcaemia: presence of a substance with parathormone activity (author's transl)].

A leiomyoma of the small bowel produced laboratory features of hyperparathyroidism which disappeared promptly after tumour resection. Hypercalcaemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperchloremia, elevated chloride/phosphorus ratio, increased urinary cyclic AMP, and blood levels of immunoreactive parathormone were present. Electron microscopy showed dense round granules in the tumour cells.

Aged↗
PubMed1979

Anemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronically hemodialyzed patients.

A role in the pathogenesis of the anemia of chronic renal failure has been attributed to secondary hyperparathyroidism. An amelioration of anemia after subtotal parathyroidectomy has been described. In the present study, no correlation was found between the severity of anemia and the level of serum parathormone in dialyzed patients. Furthermore, in seven patients, no improvement of the anemia was observed after parathyroidectomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

[Alcoholism and driving ability].

Utilizing reports of expert opinions issued by the Unit of Traffic Medicine and Psychology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, Geneva (908 cases between 1965 and 1977), the authors evaluate the different levels of estimates on driving ability in chronic alcoholics (46 cases). Diagnosis of chronic alcoholism is sometimes difficult. It is necessary that the medical experts get in touch with the family physician and with the neighbourhood of the patient reported. The authors demonstrate that the conclusions of these reports frequently include restrictions regarding limited driving permission or a limitation to a permit for a learner's drivers license.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Nephrotic syndrome in procainamide induced lupus nephritis.

We report a case of the nephrotic syndrome occurring in a patient with procainamide induced LE. It was associated with bilateral pleural effusions, pericarditis, fever, positive LE cell preparation and a high titer of antinuclear antibodies. No anti-DNA antibodies were found. Renal biopsy showed mesangial proliferation with few IgM and C3 deposits and interstitial infiltrates; electron microscopy revealed subendothelial deposits. Clinical improvement occured after steroid therapy and there was no recurrence 24 months after withdrawal of prednisone.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Hypophosphatemia and hyperparathyroidism in a case of Bartter's syndrome.

In an 18-year-old boy with Bartter's syndrome, hypophosphatemia was discovered (2.4 mg/100 ml) with normal serum calcium concentration (9.7 mg/100 ml) and elevated alkaline phosphatase level: 528 mU/ml (normal less than or equal to 150). Skeleton X-rays showed osteomalacia on the pelvic bones and metaphyseal rickets on the wrists. Plasma 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHCC) concentration was 7.2 ng/ml (normal = 13 +/- 4.4), and serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone (iPTH) concentration 160 micron1Eq/ml (normal less than or equal to 150). Ca infusion (1500 mg/m2/12 h) induced an increase in serum P level to 3.2 mg/100 ml, in tubular phosphate reabsorption from 72 to 90%, while serum iPTH decreased to 33 micron1Eq/ml. Vitamin D2 administration (45 mg) resulted in increased 25-OHCC concentration to 28 ng/ml and in healing of pelvic osteomalacia. However, there was little change of the radiological aspect of the wrist and of serum phosphorus and iPTH concentrations. In a control 6-year-old hypokalemic girl, administration of parathyroid hormone (8 USP/kg) produced a marked phosphaturic response and an increase in urinary cyclic AMP excretion. These data suggest that hypophosphatemia can be attributed to secondary hyperparathyroidism in the patient with Bartter's syndrome. Hypokalemia does not impair the renal activity of parathyroid hormone.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Thrombocytopenia, macrothrombocytopathia, nephritis and deafness.

The association of thrombocytopenia, macrothrombocytopathia, nephritis and deafness is rare. Reported here is a new case of this triple association. The clinical course, the nephropathologic findings and the bilateral neurologic hearing loss were similar to those already reported, with a slowly progressive impairment of renal function accompanied by a persistent proteinuria. The platelet diameters were increased. These macroplatelets contained granules of normal structure but with an irregular distribution in the cytoplasm. In other areas the cytoplasm was rich in surface connected system. The survival of these platelets and their contraction were normal. Their aggregation and excretion in response to collagen, adenosine diphosphate and thrombin, and the values of platelet factor 3 activity were all decreased. The degranulation defect, also present, was observed in the absence of a decrease in intracellular cyclic adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) suggesting a relationship between these two findings.

Adenosine Diphosphate↗
PubMed1976

Evolution of secondary hyperparathyroidism after renal transplantation.

Parathormone levels were determined in 17 patients with functioning renal transplants. In 8 patients recently transplanted, very high serum levels of parathormone were found without obvious relation to the glomerular filtration rate. Hypophosphatemia was also present in these cases. In 9 other patients studied 2-7 years after transplantation the mean level of parathormone was lower than in the previous group but levels above normal were noted in half of the patients, some of which had perfect renal function and normal serum phosphorus. The response to induced hypercalcemia was used as a sensitive test to reveal abnormal responses even in cases which initially had normal peripheral levels of parathormone. From these results, tertiary hyperparathyroidism would appear to be rare although hyperfunctioning parathyroid glands can be demonstrated long after kidney transplantation, even when renal function is close to normal.

Creatinine↗