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Biomedical subjects

J Berger

Publications and source records attributed to J Berger.

At least 307 records · Page 17Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Prognostic factors for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck: a retrospective evaluation of 96 cases.

Cases of adenoid cystic carcinomas of the salivary (n = 90) and lacrimal glands (n = 6) from the years 1965-1980 were evaluated retrospectively with regard to clinical, epidemiologic and histomorphologic parameters, and in 52 cases, nuclear DNA content was assessed using a single cell scanning cytophotometry procedure in order to determine prognostic factors. Clinical courses were poor with a high incidence of recurrences, hematogenous metastases and deaths from tumor. Histology was related to prognosis, glandular tumors showing a better prognosis than solid ones. Tumor size greater than 4 cm was correlated with an unfavorable clinical course in all cases. Cytophotometry yielded various types of histograms (7 diploid, 10 proliferative, 14 triploid, 19 atypical, 2 tetraploid). Significant correlations were found as to the time of survival, tumors with diploid histograms showing the longest intervals and those with atypical ones the shortest. Although the prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma remains poor, cytophotometry can offer additional prognostic information in the individual case.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Comparison of ELISA antigen preparations alone or in combination for serodiagnosing Helicobacter pylori infections.

The immunoglobulin G antibody response to Helicobacter pylori was assessed in 78 patients with non-ulcer dyspepsia using five different antigen preparations. All patients were endoscoped and biopsied. The H pylori state was determined histologically on at least two endoscopic biopsy specimens using a modified Giemsa stain. The ultracentrifuged cell sonicate, acid glycine extract, and 120 kilodalton protein antigens were specific in diagnosing infection (95-98%), but had only moderate sensitivity (70-84%). By mixing either of the two complex antigens with the 120 kilodalton protein, the sensitivity of the test was increased to 97% without affecting the high specificity. The combination of ultracentrifuged sonicate or acid glycine extract with the 120 kilodalton protein therefore seems to be superior to the individual antigen preparations and is particularly suitable for the serodiagnosis of H pylori infection.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1990

Vanadate treatment of streptozotocin diabetic rats restores expression of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter in skeletal muscle.

Streptozotocin-treated rats were diabetic, as assessed by blood glucose and plasma insulin values, while vanadate treatment restored blood glucose values to normal. Immunoblot analysis using a monoclonal antibody to the insulin-responsive glucose transporter demonstrated a 70% decline in transporter expression in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats. Subsequent treatment of diabetic animals with vanadate resulted in renewed expression of the transporter to 87% of control levels. Northern blot analysis of total skeletal muscle RNA from diabetic animals revealed a 55% decline in the steady state level of muscle glucose transporter mRNA, while vanadate treatment led to a 187% increase in transporter mRNA over normal levels. These results support the conclusion that vanadate acts to relieve diabetic hyperglycemia by inducing expression of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter at the pretranslational level.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Bone marrow and spleen morphology following haemolytic anaemia in adult laboratory rats of various age groups.

We induced toxic-haemolytic events in 8, 11 and 29-w-old rats after single dose of nitrobenzene, 3-chloro-4-benzyloxyphenacetic acid and phenacetin administered orally. Large individual variability of haematological changes in rat marrow and spleen morphology was found. The use of groups of laboratory rats of different age significantly modified reactions in characteristics investigated but common simple age-related changes were not clearly demonstrated.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Computer evaluation of reference limits.

Reference limits are necessary for medical laboratory to provide objective information on health in concrete characteristics. With respect to changeability of some factors influencing upon homeostasis, reference limits must be determined and redetermined in each clinical laboratory with the high degree of the internal quality control system. The presented program computing reference limits and providing expert consultations facilitates solution.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Extracorporeal CO2 removal in a lung lavage induced respiratory distress syndrome.

Ten pigs with experimental respiratory distress syndrome were treated by extracorporeal CO2 removal (ECCO2-R) combined with low frequency positive pressure ventilation (LPPV). After lung damage had been induced by repeated lung lavages a PEEP trial was conducted in order to find the appropriate PEEP for the damaged lungs. This PEEP was then applied during the ECCO2-R/LPPV period. Blood gas values improved significantly on extracorporeal bypass within a short time (pre-bypass paO2: 54.2 +/- 3.7 vs 168.5 +/- 31.6 mmHg after 15 min on bypass, p less than 0.001) and were kept constant during the next 4 hours. Minute ventilation (MV) was reduced from 4.01 +/- 0.31 to 0.74 +/- 0.07 l/min (p less than 0.0001), FiO2 of the ventilator from 1.0 to 0.46 +/- 0.08 (p less than 0.0001) whereas FiO2 of the membrane lung (ML) was not changed significantly (FIO2ML 0.59 +/- 0.07 vs 0.53 +/- 0.06). During controlled mechanical ventilation (CMV), comparable adequate gas exchange was only achieved at a significantly higher mean airway pressure (Paw 14.1 +/- 0.08 vs 21.2 +/- 0.47 cmH20, p less than 0.0001). Hemodynamic variables did not change significantly during bypass time. ECCO2-R/LPPV driven by a simple renal perfusion system allows adequate gas exchange in experimental respiratory failure.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

[Digestive parasitic diseases in young children in a tropical outpatient setting].

Parasites were looked for in stools of infants aged 6 months to 3 years living in a village in the south of Togo. These children were enrolled in a nutritional surveillance program. 42.5% of children harboured at least one parasite and 12.1% had more than one parasite: The most common parasites found included Giardia (21%), Ancylostoma (13%), and Ascaris (12.5%). Infection with a single parasite and infection with several parasites were observed from the age of nine months and 18 months, respectively; the incidence of these infections increased with advancing age. The incidence of diarrheal stools decreased with advancing age and no particular parasite seemed to be directly and exclusively responsible for diarrhea. The distribution of parasites and diarrheal symptoms were not influenced by sex. No correlation was found between nutritional status and presence of a parasitic infection or diarrhea. After treatment, reinfection with Ancylostoma (65%), whipworm (50%), and Giardia (34.2%) were common.

Ascariasis↗
PubMed1990

[Principles of determining reference values in hematology].

A short explanation of fundamental terminology concerning reference values is presented. Criteria for formation of a reference group are discussed and the significance of standardization of blood collection and laboratory procedures is emphasized. Interpretation of reference values is founded on the probability theory and attention is directed to non-parametric statistics.

Hematologic Tests↗
PubMed1989

Decreased expression of the insulin-responsive glucose transporter in diabetes and fasting.

Cellular resistance to insulin caused by a reduction in insulin-mediated glucose uptake can be produced in rats by chemically inducing diabetes with streptozotocin and by fasting. Two glucose transporter isoforms are expressed in fat cells: (1) the insulin-responsive species which is found only in fat and muscle, and (2) a species corresponding to the erythrocyte/Hep G2/rat brain transporter. We show here that fat cells isolated from streptozotocin diabetic rats and from fasted rats show a significant (60-80%) decrease in the amount of immunologically detectable insulin-sensitive glucose transporter and no change in the level of the Hep G2/rat brain transporter. Administration of insulin and refeeding, respectively, result in a return of the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter to levels that are normal or slightly above normal. Thus, peripheral tissue insulin resistance could be due to the specific reduction in the amount of insulin-sensitive glucose transporter.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1989

Mucoepidermoid tumors of the salivary glands. Correlation of cytophotometrical data and prognosis.

The mucoepidermoid tumors of the Salivary Gland Registry, Institute of Pathology, University of Hamburg, Western Germany, were evaluated retrospectively with regard to epidemiologic data, clinical follow-up, and cytophotometric data. Clinical data were obtained in 71 cases. Tissue from 46 cases was studied by single cell scanning cytophotometric analysis. Two thirds of the tumors were located in the major salivary glands, the parotid being the most common site, one third occurred in the minor salivary glands. The age range was from 6 to 81 years; peaks were observed in the fourth and seventh decades; the sex distribution was almost equal. By means of a single cell scanning cytophotometric device, a division into "diploid" and "atypical" patterns was possible. The clinical course was well correlated with these two groups, the atypical group showing generally an unfavorable course. Especially in poorly differentiated tumors, selection of clinically aggressive tumors was possible by their atypical DNA distribution pattern. Consequently, single cell DNA assessment can be a useful supplementary tool in the clinicopathologic and prognostic evaluation of mucoepidermoid tumors of the salivary glands.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Prognosis of salivary adenocarcinomas. A retrospective study of 52 cases with special regard to cytochemically assessed nuclear DNA content.

52 salivary adenocarcinomas of the years 1965-1980 from the files of the Salivary Gland Registry, Institute of Pathology, University of Hamburg, were evaluated retrospectively with regard to clinical follow up and cytochemically assessed nuclear DNA content. The age distribution showed a peak from the 6th to 8th decade (range 3 to 87 years). The m:f ratio was 1:1.36, the mean age was 59.3 years. Over 80% of the tumours were located in the major salivary glands. The clinical course was characterized by metastases present at initial diagnosis (16 cases), subsequent development of metastases (9 cases), local recurrence (15 cases) or death from tumour (10 cases) and was related to differentiation, grade 3 tumours showing the worse clinical courses. In 37 cases, nuclear DNA content was determined by a single scanning cytophotometry device. 28 cases were diploid, 9 were atypical. The clinical course was significantly related to the histogram type, atypical tumours showing a dismal prognosis.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1989

Ultraviolet-induced chromosomal instability in cultured fibroblasts of heterozygote carriers for xeroderma pigmentosum.

Fibroblast cultures of seven patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), 19 healthy sibs or parents of XP patients (XP-heterozygotes), and 24 healthy normal controls were studied for chromosome instability induced by ultraviolet rays (UV). We used a UV source that contained predominantly UV-A and UV-B at an intensity of 500 J/m2 and evaluated the induction of micronuclei (MN) and sister chromatid exchange (SCE). the XP homozygotes had a UV sensitivity that was clearly above that of all heterozygotes and normal controls. Heterozygotes had an increased rate of UV-induced MN (4.76 +/- 1.96 vs. 1.82 +/- 2.05, p less than 0.0001) and increased UV induction of SCE (13.21 +/- 3.49 vs. 9.01 +/- 1.25, p less than 0.001), as compared to normal controls. These data support epidemiologic findings that suggest that XP heterozygotes are particularly cancer prone. In addition, the determination of the UV sensitivity in vitro as described may be used for genetic counseling of asymptomatic relatives of XP patients.

Cells, Cultured↗
PubMed1989

Conversion of placental alkaline phosphatase from a phosphatidylinositol-glycan-anchored protein to an integral transmembrane protein.

Placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) is normally anchored to the plasma membrane of cells by a phosphatidylinositol-glycan anchor after removal of a carboxyl-terminal peptide from the nascent enzyme. To investigate the signals required for this processing we constructed a chimeric cDNA. The latter was designed to code for a truncated precursor form of PLAP, containing the phosphatidylinositol-glycan attachment site but incapable of any form of membrane attachment, fused to a carboxyl-terminal peptide of vesicular stomatis virus glycoprotein. Expression of the PLAP-vesicular stomatis virus glycoprotein chimeric cDNA in transfected COS cells produced an enzymatically active protein that was attached to the plasma membrane, with the PLAP domain on the outer surface. Assays for the presence of phosphatidylinositol-glycan attachment proved negative, whereas an antibody assay confirmed the presence of the vesicular stomatis virus glycoprotein carboxyl-terminal peptide, leading to the conclusion that the truncated PLAP is attached to the cells by the membrane-spanning domain of the vesicular stomatis virus glycoprotein. In light of previous findings on carboxyl-terminal requirements of PLAP these studies suggest that an essential signal for correct sorting between transmembrane insertion and phosphatidylinositol-glycan attachment resides in the cytoplasmic domain.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1989

Relationship between dietary intake and tissue levels of reduced and total vitamin C in the nonscorbutic guinea pig.

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a broad range of dietary intake levels of ascorbate on the distribution of both total and reduced ascorbate in guinea pig tissues. Young male Hartley guinea pigs were fed for 2 mo a modified Reid-Briggs purified diet containing five different levels of total ascorbate that provided 0.8-52 mg ascorbate/d. We also fed aged guinea pigs two different levels of ascorbic acid (1.5 or 60 mg/d) for 2 mo. Reduced and total ascorbate was measured in eye lens and aqueous humor, liver, kidney and plasma. The data indicate that it is possible to markedly enhance the level of ascorbate in tissues above that obtained by feeding a diet that contains only enough ascorbate to prevent scurvy. In all tissues, as the level of total ascorbate present in the tissue increased, so did the proportion present in the reduced form. In old guinea pigs, the eye lens was the only tissue in which both reduced and total ascorbate were significantly lower than in the young guinea pigs at both high and low intake levels.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Characterization and grouping of Trypanosoma brucei brucei, T.b. gambiense and T.b. rhodesiense by quantitative DNA-cytofluorometry and discriminant analysis.

For characterization and differentiation 13 stocks of Trypanosoma brucei spp. were used for a quantitative cytofluorometric determination of their DNA fluorescence intensities by two base-pair-specific fluorochromes. T. b. gambiense could be distinguished from T. b. brucei by an about 20% smaller G-C, and A-T content in the nuclear DNA and a 4% greater G-C and 15% greater A-T content of the kinetoplast DNA. T. b. gambiense could be differentiated from T. b. rhodesiense by a 20% smaller G-C and a 3.8% smaller A-T nuclear DNA content and a 2% greater G-C and a 18% greater A-T DNA content in the kinetoplast. After chromomycin (G-C specific) staining the DNA ratio kinetoplast/nucleus of T. b. gambiense was 6.8, of T. b. brucei 5.2 and of T. b. rhodesiense 5.4. The corresponding values after DAPI (A-T specific) application were 20.8 for T. b. gambiense, 14.4 for T. b. brucei and 16.6 for T. b. rhodesiense. With the fluorescence intensities a discriminant analysis has been computed. After chromomycin application the gambiense stocks could be separated from T. b. brucei and T. b. rhodesiense by this method with a hit rate of 100%. Such perfect separation could not be observed between T. b. brucei and T. b. rhodesiense. Even if most of them were classified into the corresponding subgroups some trypanosomes would nevertheless pass over into the brucei or rhodesiense subgroup and vice versa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Brain-reactive antibodies and the AIDS dementia complex.

To determine the role of autoantibodies in the development of the AIDS dementia complex, brain-reactive antibodies (BRAs) were assayed in 30 sera samples obtained from AIDS patients. Eighteen samples were obtained from AIDS patients with neuropsychological complications, and 12 samples were obtained from patients without any neuropsychological involvement. BRAs were analyzed using strips of nitrocellulose electroblots as a source of antigen, and were prepared from a sample of normal human parahippocampal tissue subjected to SDS-PAGE. Fourteen of 18 patients with neuropsychological complications and 4 of 12 patients without such complications were positive for BRAs to a protein with Mr of 45,000-50,000.

AIDS Dementia Complex↗