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Biomedical subjects

J Beran

Publications and source records attributed to J Beran.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[The anamnestic interview focusing on the psychological problems of patients].

The article extends the usual view concerning selection and scope of anamnestic data. Attention is drawn to some generally valid psychological factors which are used in anamnestically oriented interviews and which are important also for the later creation of the doctor-patient relationship. The anamnestic interview is important for inducing confidence in the doctor and for the patient's motivation for further cooperation during therapy. The author mentions some actual examples of questions whereby he emphasizes the importance of so-called open questions. The doctor should, however, not restrict himself to putting questions but should provide also a certain space for the patient's spontaneous expression. He should also provide some information to the patient. Based on the anamnestic interview focused on psychological problems the doctor should obtain a more concrete idea on the patient's life not only from a purely factographic aspect but also from the aspect how the patient experienced individual events. The anamnestically oriented interview should have a calming effect on the patient, it should be the basis for the development of confidence in the doctor and a certain degree of self-respect.

Humans↗
PubMed1991

[Basic communication skills].

Communication skills comprises components of interpersonal activities which have as a rule are favourably affected. They include listening, which means to perceive sensitively all components of the patient's verbal manifestations; the ability of empathy is very important. We characterize it in Rogers sense i.e. trying to understand the mental state of the other subjects. The fundamental communication skill of the doctor is manifested understanding. Some skills are to a certain extent non-verbal such as interest in the patient or respect of him. Finally the author deals with the role of specific advice given to the patient when psychological problems have to be resolved.

Communication↗
PubMed1990

[Suggestions for criteria for uniform evaluation of changes in the spine in vertebral dysostosis of the Scheuermann type].

The author recommends in his proposal of uniform criteria to evaluate pathological changes of the spine according to a pattern where the first place is held by morphological changes (unevenness of the covering plates, changes in the shape of bodies of the vertebrae, changes in the height of disc and changes in the curvature of the spine). The second place in held by functional changes and the third one by the general extent and quality of pathological changes. In the latter group the author draws attention to the appearance of a stigmatized spine. It is essentially an abortive form of vertebral dysostosis with frust not very marked morphological symptoms. He draws attention to the importance of this form for explanation of an obscure vertebral algic syndrome, in particular in children. The unform evaluation of these pathological changes should help to establish order in the hitherto controversial problem of evaluation of vertebral dysostosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Postgraduate education in psychotherapy].

In the first part the author summarizes views of 95 Czechoslovak psychiatrists as regards the position of psychotherapy in the Czechoslovak health services and the position as regards psychotherapeutic training. From the summary ensues that the number of specialized departments does not correspond to the needs of our health services and the author emphasizes the need of better organization of psychotherapy in practice. At present there are opportunities of training in psychotherapy in particular in the psychotherapeutic section of the Psychiatric Society of the Czech Medical Society and in the Institute for Postgraduate Medical and Pharmaceutical Training in Prague. Both alternatives comprise compulsory participation in psychotherapeutic training groups. To make psychotherapeutic training more available, the author informs in the subsequent part of the paper on the possibility of education and training of health workers in psychotherapy. In this connection the author emphasizes the selection of participants, the principles of group psychotherapy training and the demand of selection of experienced supervisors and tutors. Training in psychotherapy should be differentiated to make differently oriented programmes possible; e.g. the programme for specialists in psychotherapy and another programme for doctors working in clinical medical branches. Finally the author deals with the perspective problem of specialization examinations in psychotherapy and indicates problems associated with institutionalization of psychotherapy.

Czechoslovakia↗
PubMed1989

[Diagnosis of subjective physical complaints. I].

The author draw attention to psychological aspects of subjective somatic complaints of neither functional nor organic origin. They stress the role of subjective somatic complaints played in the patient's life. The process of somatization is clarified. It is difficult for the doctor to understand subjective somatic complaints as he is predominantly used to diagnose diseases from the biological viewpoint. The paper gives more detailed characterization of hypochondria using alternative theories to explain it. It also briefly mentions essential characteristics of larvate depression and somatized anxiety.

Humans↗
PubMed1989

[Diagnosis of subjective physical complaints. II].

The paper discusses further cases of somatization (somatization disease, conversion, chronic pains) as distinct from simulation. Views of the somatization disease and conversion are based on a classification of psychopathology which has not been generally used in Czechoslovakia. The paper gives a hypothetical explanation of today's more frequent occurrence of somatization. It describes a simple screening test used for diagnosing somatization (hysteria), and suggests principles of elementary procedure to be applied in patients with subjective somatic complaints.

Factitious Disorders↗
PubMed1989

Periosteal Ewing's sarcoma.

Periosteal Ewing's sarcoma is an uncommon, but well documented origin of this malignant condition with radiographic signs, different from intramedullary growing tumours. Imaging modalities like CT or MRI supply proof of macroscopically intact endosteal cortical surface and free medullary cavity in long bones affected by this periosteal type of malignancy. Definite confirmation is valid after a careful microscopic investigation of the resected specimen. The prognosis of this type of Ewing's sarcoma may be more favourable than that of the central type. Early diagnosis and therapy are thus essential. A clinical survey of six observations is given.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed1989

[Extramedullary Ewing's sarcoma].

The authors refer to six observations of periostal Ewing's sarcoma and describe its X-ray symptomatology. It differs considerably from the commonly known picture of centrally, intramedullar-originated Ewing sarcomas and tumours, diagnosed at considerable advanced stage. The possibility of periosteal origin of Ewing's sarcoma must be considered in differential diagnosis of periostoses and the patients must be examined in a complex way, particularly by computer tomography (and in the future also by MR tomography) in order to demonstrate that the medullar space of the bone is not affected by the tumour. This enables a more considerate resection during the operation. Histological verification of the nature of the tumour and excluding presence of the tumour cells in bone marrow dissection material is necessary. It may be expected that prognosis of this form of Ewing's sarcoma while treated in a modern combined way is more favourable than in the central forms.

Adolescent↗