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Biomedical subjects

J Benson

Publications and source records attributed to J Benson.

At least 109 records · Page 6Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

Cerebral palsy and severe educational subnormality in low-birthweight children: a comparison of births in 1951-53 and 1970-73.

The prevalence at school age of cerebral palsy and severe education subnormality in children of low birthweight (less than or equal to 4 lb=1814 g) born to residents in the region served by the South East Thames Regional Health Authority in the early 1970s was compared with that in children of the same birthweight born in 1950-53. The prevalence of one or both of these defects was lower in the 1970s cohort; this was due to both a fall in the incidence of extreme gestational immaturity among children of low birthweight and a reduction in risk of defects to the gestationally immature births that occurred. The decreased risk of these defects in children of low birthweight was approximately counter-balanced by the increased likelihood of their survival; among children of all birthweights the prevalence of these defects attributable to children of very low birthweight changed little.

Cerebral Palsy↗
PubMed1982

Cost-effectiveness in eyebanking.

The current operating budget for American eyebanks is more than $5 million per year, and an increasing portion of this expense is being paid by third-party payers. American eyebanks were surveyed to determine what a reasonable cost per transplant tissue might be and to see if recommendations could be made that would help optimize cost-effectiveness in American eyebanking. Most well-run eyebanks needed between $222 to $464 to process each donor cornea for transplantation. This cost-effective goal was most often met if the bank provided at least 150 corneas annually and if there was a full-time professional staff using modern tissue preservation techniques. An eyebank unable to meet these goals should consider obtaining its tissue from the nearest cost-effective eyebank, allowing the redirection of charitable contributions to other more cost-effective eye care-related community activities.

Computers↗
PubMed1982

Visual defects in children of low birthweight.

The prevalence of visual defects at ages 7 to 9 in 1485 children of birthweight 2000 g or less is reported. These children were born in 1970, 1971, and 1973 to parents resident in what is now the South East Thames Regional Health Authority area, and comprise 73.9% of all survivors of births of this weight, 81% of those whose present address is known. Only 16 (1%) children were reported to have serious visual defects; 5 had retrolental fibroplasia. For the children attending normal schools there was a significant excess of both mild and more severe visual defects compared with matched controls. A distant visual acuity of 6/6 was reported in the better eye of 89%, and in both eyes of 83% of the low birthweight group.

Cataract↗
PubMed1982

A guide for instrument development and validation.

As occupational therapists become increasingly concerned with accountability, the paucity of adequate instrumentation available for documenting therapeutic effectiveness surfaces as a major problem. Therapists will need to construct new or refine existing instruments to satisfy the requirements of third-party payment. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how a new instrument is planned, developed, and validated. A sequential step-by-step process is illustrated with a flowchart and applied in the hypothetical construction of an attitude scale to assess school administrators' valuing of the role of occupational therapists in the schools. This example is provided to show how general psychometric principles are applied within an occupational therapy context.

Attitude↗
PubMed1981

"Onion bulb" formation associated with a solitary neoplasm of the eighth nerve sheath.

Audiometric patterns associated with retrocochlear disorders include abnormal adaptation, delay of auditory evoked potential latencies, and characteristic abnormalities of speech intelligibility functions. The anatomic substrate of these psychoacoustic and electrophysiologic abnormalities is unknown. This paper describes the incidental observation of "onion bulbs" in a solitary neoplasm involving the eighth nerve sheath and in the cochlear nerve lateral to the neoplasm. Such hypertrophic neuropathy in the eighth nerve has not been described previously. This occurrence raises the question of sequential demyelination and remyelination in a neoplasm-bearing nerve as a possible histopathologic correlate to retrocochlear dysfunction.

Cranial Nerve Neoplasms↗
PubMed1980

Asymptomatic bacteriuria in healthy preterm babies.

Urine was cultured from 51 healthy preterm babies. If the initial bag specimen grew more than 50 000 organisms/ml, a second bag specimen was cultured. After two positive bag specimens a suprapubic urine was cultured. Significant bacteriuria was excluded on the basis of one or two bag specimens in 90% of the babies. Suprapubic urine was sterile in a further 11 babies. Four babies with positive bag specimens were unfortunately not completely investigated: 2 had mixed growths and 2 had pure growths of 100 000 organisms/ml. As we and others consider that bacteriuria can only be diagnosed on a suprapubic sample of urine the incidence of proved infection in our series was zero. If both the babies with a pure growth of 100 000 organisms/ml had true bacteriuria, the incidence would rise to 1.3%. In view of the difficulties in obtaining clean urine samples in preterm babies and as the incidence of bacteriuria is so low, we do not recommend that healthy preterm babies be screened for bacteriuria.

Bacteriuria↗
PubMed1979

Giant cell tumor of the ethmoid sinuses: diagnostic dilemma.

Tumors originating in the ethmoid sinuses are rare. Carcinomas of the ethmoid sinus, for example, comprise only 2-3% of all head and neck malignancies. Of this small sample, the ethmoid sinuses as the primary site varies from 5-30%. This paper presents the 14th documented case of giant cell tumor originating in the ethmoid sinuses. The pathology became the diagnostic dilemma; the case was originally diagnosed as an angiofibroma, later a reparative granuloma, and finally accepted as a giant cell tumor. The rationale for diagnosis and therapy is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Hepatotoxicity in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.

Serial liver function tests and percutaneous liver biopsies were performed on 21 children receiving treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). The patients received continuing chemotherapy either with daily 6-mercaptopurine and weekly methotrexate or with five-day pulses of these drugs every three weeks. Liver function tests were transiently abnormal in the majority of children, but the abnormalities bore no relationship to the histology of the liver biopsy. Mild inflammatory and fatty changes were commonly seen, and early portal fibrosis was found in three out of 16 patients biopsied at between 108-130 weeks on treatment. There was no correlation between treatment regime and results of biopsy. Three patients showed possible progression of abnormalities on repeat biopsy. The risk of development of portal fibrosis appears low after 2-3 years of continuing chemotherapy, but examination of liver histology may be indicated if more prolonged therapy is contemplated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

An experimental study of pictures produced by acute schizophrenic subjects.

The purpose of this study was to examine the validity of assessing pictures produced by acute schizophrenic subjects as a technique in differential diagnosis. It was hypothesized that art productions by schizophrenics differ from those both by other acute psychiatric patients and by 'normals'. Coloured slides were made from pictures produced in standardized conditions by three samples of each of thirty subjects. It was found that repetition of abstract forms was the only factor studied to be associated specifically with schizophrenia; whereas the presence of pictorial imbalance, overelaboration, childlike features, uncovered space, detail and colour variety were found to be associated with psychiatric admission irregardless of diagnosis. Doubt is cast on the use of art as a technique in differential psychiatric diagnosis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Tetracycline absorption in elderly patients with achlorhydria.

Five elderly achlorhydric patients and five controls took 250 mg tetracycline as a capsule or as an oral solution. Venous blood samples drawn during the 12-hr period following administration and urine collected for 72 hr post-dosing were assayed fluorometrically for tetracycline. There were no differences between the two groups in either rate or extent of tetracycline absorption. The mean apparent first-order rate constant (ka) for absorption of drug from capsules was 0.58 +/- 0.17 hr-1 for patients and 0.65 +/- 0.21 hr-1 for controls. The mean extent of absorption for capsule dosage forms relative to an oral solution was 1.0 +/- 0.20 for patients and 1.0 +/- 0.24 for controls. Concurrent administration of 2 gm of sodium bicarbonate to 2 of the normal subjects resulted in no impairment of either the rate or extent of tetracycline absorption from capsules, suggesting that the effect of elevated gastric pH on tetracycline bioavailability may relate to formulation.

Achlorhydria↗
PubMed1975

Effects of pretreatment with anti-inflammatory drugs on ozone-induced lung damage in rats.

The effects of pretreatment with acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), hydrocortisone, indomethacin, and heparin administered ip against the pulmonary edema produced by O3-exposure (4 ppm for 4 hr) were studied in rats. These anti-inflammatory drugs were found to alter the injurious effect of O3 on lung differently. First, aspirin at the high dose (125 mg/kg) accentuated O3-induced lung injury, and had no effect at the low dose (10 mg/kg); second, hydrocortisone (50 mg/kg) failed to have any effect; third, indomethacin at a high dose (20 mg/kg) offered a significant degree of protection, but had no effect at the low dose (2.5 mg/kg); and fourth, heparin (1000 units/kg) also offered a significant degree of protection against the lung damage normally induced by O3-exposure. Several mechanisms for the favorable and unfavorable interactions of anti-inflammatory drugs with O3-exposure are discussed.

Animals↗