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Biomedical subjects

J Bell

Publications and source records attributed to J Bell.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Phone rate and the effective planning time hypothesis of stuttering.

Effects on syllable disfluency and phone rate (duration of phones spoken per minute) were compared in 19 adult stutterers under three reading rate conditions: control; slow normally-spoken-word-syllable timed (WS); and phone-prolongation (PP) matched to WS in syllable rate. Both phone rate and syllable disfluency were progressively reduced from control to WS to PP conditions. These results strongly support the discoordination hypothesis that any condition which facilitates initiation of phonation in coordination with articulation and respiration will reduce stuttering. A broader hypothesis is that effective planning time for voice onset coordinations is the common element that explains the power of retarded phone rate, reduction of phonatory complexity, and rhythm virtually to eliminate stuttering.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Hypoxemia during exercise in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Arterial oxygenation at rest and during maximal treadmill exercise was studied in a group of 17 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Patients who developed exertional hypoxemia (subgroup 1) were compared to others who did not (subgroup 2). There was no significant difference between the 2 subgroups at rest in terms of mixed venous PO2, cardiac output, or venous admixture. Subgroup 1 had more severe respiratory impairment than subgroup 2, but there was marked overlap of their respective lung volumes and flows. Both subgroups showed the same extent of desaturation of mixed venous blood during maximal treadmill exercise, so that exertional hypoxemia cannot be explained on the basis of low mixed venous O2. The marked difference between subgroup 1 and subgroup 2 was that the latter showed decreased venous admixture on exercise. Because of the relative constancy of mixed venous blood desaturation, arterial saturation was closely correlated with venous admixture both at rest (r = 0.931) and during exercise (r = 0.985).

Arteries↗
PubMed1978

Optimal conditions for the estimation of ammonium by the Berthelot reaction.

A technique for optimising reagent concentrations on the AutoAnalyzer has been applied to the estimation of ammonia by the Berthelot reaction in the determination of urea and organic nitrogen. Comparison of the use of phenol and salicylate revealed that the optimum concentration of the latter is about four times that of the former. The optimum concentration of hypochlorite is five times greater with salicylate than with phenol, and for the catalyst, sodium nitroprusside, the factor is two. The precision obtained with the different methods is similar.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1978

Profound developmental retardation: descriptive and theoretical utility of the Bayley Mental Scale.

Although infant developmental tests have been available for decades, their employment in the analysis of profound developmental retardation has been limited to the prediction of later retardation and the global evaluation of intervention effects. This report summarizes a descriptive study of a sample of profoundly retarded, organically impaired children and adults (IQ less than 15), all of whom were administered the Mental Scale of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID). One purpose was to promote a more empirically based as well as developmentally oriented treatment of profound retardation, one that bears a closer relationship to the study of normal intellectual development. Another purpose was to examine the reliability of the Mental Scale as tool for assessing behavioral repertoires and for evaluating the effects of intervention with the profoundly retarded. With several qualifications related to test-retest reliability, the Bayley Mental Scale appears capable of serving both descriptive and theoretical functions, and thus of assisting in the organization of new approaches to intervention with profoundly retarded and organically impaired individuals.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

A comparative trial of haematinic supplements in pregnancy.

Four haematinic supplements--Slow-Fe, FGF, Ferro-Gradumet and Ferro-Grad tfolic--were prospectively studied in 103 healthy pregnant patients. Significant differences in the mean cell counts, haematocrit values, haemoglobin levels, iron-binding capacities and serum folate levels were noted. The changes paralleled the elemental iron present in the compount. In this series, side effects principally vomiting and constipation, were more frequent in the lower dose iron group. Form both the haematological status aspect and the lack of side effects, Ferro-Grad Folic and Ferro-Gradumet were superior to both FGF and Slow-Fe (old formulation).

Drug Combinations↗
PubMed1977

Self-care aids for the parkinsonian patient and his family.

Methods and aids for helping the individual with Parkinson's disease overcome some of the problems encountered in daily living. Only by a continuous, on-going program, much patience, and knowledge of how and what can be done can the patient be helped to maintain his interests and independence within the range of his abilities.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1977

A qualitative and quantitative comparison of the fat in human, feline and canine kidneys.

While xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in humans tends to be rich in birefringent fat, this variety cannot be demonstrated microscopically in the feline morphological counterpart of the condition, which is, however, rich in readily stainable fat. Since normal feline kidney is rich in such lipid, a qualitative and quantitative comparison of the lipid in human, feline and canine kidney was carried out in an attempt to throw further light on the possible origin of the birefringent fat in the human disease. No significant difference could be found in the amount of cholesterol in the 3 species. Despite its visual prominence in feline kidneys, human kidney was richer in neutral fat and the percentage of total lipid formed by cholesterol was greater in humans than in the other species. The results suggested that cases of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis may occur in those kidneys unusually rich in cholesterol.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Stuttering: discoordination of phonation with articulation and respiration.

Complexity of phonatory and respiratory adjustments was systematically simplified in 30 adult stutterers under three speaking conditions: voiced, whispered, and articulated without phonation. Stuttering was reduced considerably when whispering and was practically eliminated when articulating silently. The possibility that stuttering consistently results from complexity of phonatory coordinations with articulation and respiration was strongly supported. Increased speaking rates under conditions that decreased stuttering seemed to be evidence that efficient rhythmical flow of speech is facilitated by simplification of phonatory and respiratory adjustments.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Chromatin-positive Klinefelter's syndrome with undetectable peripheral FSH levels.

An 18 year old phenotypic man is described with chromatin-positive Klinefelter's syndrome and undetectable peripheral human follicle stimulating hormone levels. The subject manifested chromosomal mosaicism consisting of three stem cell lines (45X; 46XY; and 47XXY). Testicular biopsy specimen showed germinal cell aplasia: the tubules were lined by Sertoli cells only, whereas the Leydig cells appeared normal. Serum human follicle stimulating hormone levels were undetectable and rose to only 5 mIU/ml after the administration of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone. Serum human luteinizing hormone varied between normal and moderately elevated values, and serum testosterone was in the low normal range. We discuss the features which distinguish this syndrome from isolated gonadotropin deficiency and from classic germinal cell aplasia. We suggest that the patient represents a new variant of Klinefelter's syndrome, with failure of human follicle stimulating hormone release secondary to prolonged hypersecretion.

Adolescent↗