Biomedical subjects

J Becker

Publications and source records attributed to J Becker.

At least 289 records · Page 16Linked to original sources

PubMed1983

[Increase in partial arterial carbon dioxide pressure due to parenteral nutrition during artificial ventilation].

The influence of increased enteral caloric intakes on respiratory gas exchanges was evaluated in 6 patients (5 men, 1 woman; mean-age: 54 years) in steady state and requiring continuous ventilatory support. Oxygen consumption (VO2), carbon dioxide production (VCO2), respiratory quotient (R), determined using an open circuit indirect calorimetric method, and arterial blood gases were measured on two consecutive days while ventilation conditions were unchanged. On the first day, the patients received a water diet only and on the following day an enteral caloric load (1491 +/- 65 Kcal/m2/24 h). The results showed a significant increase in VO2 (p less than 0.05) and R (p less than 0.001) and a rise in VCO2 from 106 +/- 4 to 139 +/- 9 ml/mn/m2 (p less than 0.01). The rise in VCO2 induced an increase of arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) from 26.3 +/- 1.6 to 34.4 +/- 2.4 mmHg (p less than 0.001). This study showed that because of the constancy of alveolar ventilation, the enteral nutrition-related increase of VCO2 is responsible for a PaCO2 increase and emphasized the need for adjusting artificial ventilation to any change in caloric intake in patients supported with mechanical ventilation.

Carbon Dioxide↗

PubMed1983

Intracranial myeloid metaplasia: diagnosis by CT and Fe52 scans and treatment by cranial irradiation.

A patient with longstanding agnogenic myeloid metaplasia developed a progressive dementia. CT scanning demonstrated multiple intracranial masses, and a Fe52 bone marrow scan demonstrated erythroid activity within the masses and confirmed the suspicion of extra-medullary hematopoiesis. A potentially hazardous biopsy was avoided, and a course of cranial irradiation was administered, resulting in regression of the masses and clearing of the patient's dementia. Fe52 scintigraphy provides a specific and useful diagnostic approach which may eliminate the need for invasive procedures.

Brain↗

PubMed1983

Social network interactions: a buffer or a stress.

Forty-four caregivers to spouses with a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease provided a stressed subject population considered at high risk for depression. Unlike more typical unidirectional measures of perceived social support quality, subject ratings were elicited separately as to how helpful as well as how upsetting each network member was in five different support categories. Correlations between perceived network "upset" and depression (Beck Depression Inventory) were highly significant, while in no case did perceived "helpfulness" relate to depression. Using stepwise multiple regression, the set of five support category Upset ratings predicted depression better than did helpful/upset ratios, which in turn predicted depression better than the Helpfulness ratings as a group. The implications of these findings for the conceptualization of social support and its measurement are discussed.

Adjustment Disorders↗

PubMed1983

Gingival manifestation in linear nevus sebaceous syndrome.

Gingival involvement was observed in an 11-year-old female patient with linear nevus sebaceous syndrome. Clinical, histological and scanning-electronmicroscopic findings are described. 4 years after surgical removal, the oral lesion recurred; clinical and histological features are presented. Problems in diagnosis, differential diagnosis and validity of oral involvement in the linear nevus sebaceous syndrome are discussed.

Child↗

PubMed1983

A new device for measurement of pulmonary pressure-volume curves in patients on mechanical ventilation.

Measurement of total (lung plus chest wall) pulmonary compliance is routinely obtained in mechanically ventilated patients by dividing the tidal volume (VT) by the airway pressure (Paw) gradient from end-inspiration to end-expiration. In order to obtain the pressure-volume (P-V) tracing during inspiration, we developed a method using a continuous and slow (1.7 L/min) oxygen inflow. When gas flow is kept constant, changes in lung volume are proportional to time and do not require direct measurement. In 22 patients, P-V curves traced using the continuous-flow method were identical to those obtained from the syringe method. The advantages of the inflow method are simplicity, reproducibility, and better visualization of the initial part of P-V curve.

Humans↗

PubMed1983

Anticonformity aspects of depression in mild depressive states.

Controversial issues regarding the relation of conformity and anticonformity variants of dependency to depression and self-esteem were examined. The Willis-Hollander model of social influence and an experimental paradigm which permits differentiation of dependency responses into conformity and anticonformity subcategories were used. Ninety female college students who had been given the Beck Depression Inventory and a measure of self-esteem engaged in a perceptual judgment task, with two degrees of social influence. Depression and self-esteem were unrelated to independence and conformity. The main finding in the step-wise regression analyses was that depression was significantly related (p less than .001) to the anticonformity variant of dependency. The assumption that depression is related to dependency was supported, but the conventional position that such dependency consists of the conforming variant, involving compliance and approval- and guidance-seeking, was not supported, at least within the range of depression sampled.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

alpha-Adrenergic stimulation of glycolysis and Na+, K+-transport in perfused rat liver.

Interactions between alpha-adrenergic-induced lactate production, respiration and K+ uptake of perfused rat livers were investigated. Inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport by cyanide had no effect on K+ uptake, decreased phenylephrine-induced lactate production by 60% and suppressed extra O2 consumption by more than 90%. Ouabain did not affect alpha-adrenergic-induced respiration but inhibited K+ uptake and extra lactate production. Effects of ouabain and K+-free medium on lactate production were additive and independent of cyanide, indicating that they were mediated by extramitochondrial mechanisms. Extra ATP utilized for K+ uptake in response to phenylephrine was apparently of glycolytic rather than mitochondrial origin. We propose that alpha-adrenergic-induced lactate production is secondary to an enhanced operation of the plasma membrane (Na+,K+)-ATPase.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Rights on DNA.

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Bioethics↗

PubMed1982

Fertilization in a crab. II. Cytological aspects of the cortical reaction and fertilization envelope elaboration.

At fertilization, the egg of Carcinus maenas undergoes cortical vesicle exocytosis, in response to the first contacts between the spermatozoon and the egg plasma membrane. This process was observed in vitro and may be connected with a cortical reaction. Carcinus maenas eggs display two populations of cortical vesicles which, during the reaction, successively release two different exudates: a fine granular material and a mass of ring-shaped granules. During the first steps of exocytosis, the two superimposed vitelline envelopes are detached from the egg surface, and the inner one gradually changes. Thus a new coating, derived from the coalescence of the secreted ring-shaped granules, is progressively elaborated under the vitelline envelopes. These events occur over a 7-8 hr period. The morphological uniqueness of the cortical vesicle exudates and the complexity of the related events are discussed in terms of the cortical reaction and of the formation of the fertilization envelope in Carcinus maenas.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Superior vena cava syndrome in childhood and adolescence: a review of the literature and report of three cases.

Obstruction of the superior vena cava is rare in childhood and adolescence. Its etiology is now mainly iatrogenic. Mediastinal tumors are the main primary causes of the superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) in childhood and adolescence. The most common mediastinal tumors presenting with the SVCS are the lymph node tumors and especially the lymphosarcomas. About 50% of the mediastinal tumors are primary in the mediastinum. Early treatment is designed to cause a rapid shrinking of the tumor and should not be delayed by an overly diligent pursuit of the diagnosis. Treatment should consist of a combination of radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and steroids. Surgery should be limited to obtaining tissue for diagnosis, except when the tumor is localized to the mediastinum and is completely resectable. One hundred and seventy two children and adolescents with the SVCS are reviewed and three patients are added.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

[Affection of the nervous system in Behçet's disease--the clinical and neuropathological picture].

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Adult↗

PubMed1982

Effects of ethacrynic acid on the alpha-adrenergic control ov hepatic glycogenolysis.

Ethacrynic acid (ECA) was used to study the relationship between ion transport and alpha-adrenergic activation of glycogenolysis in perfused rat livers. ECA alone enhanced glycogenolysis and produced a massive loss of K+ from the liver. These effects were partially blocked by dithioerythritol. ECA suppressed the metabolic responses to phenylephrine and the alpha-adrenergic redistribution of ions. Ouabain-sensitive and ouabain-insensitive ATPase of isolated liver plasma membranes were inhibited and binding of [3H]epinephrine to alpha-adrenergic sites was decreased by ECA. It is concluded that in liver ECA acts at three different sites by blocking SH groups: active ion transport across the plasma membrane, alpha-adrenoreceptors, and phosphorylase phosphatase.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Serum level monitoring of thiothixene in schizophrenia: acute single-dose levels at fixed doses.

After establishing a strong correlation between steady-state thiothixene levels and levels drawn 2.5 hours after a 20-mg test dose, the authors examined the correlation between clinical improvement and serum levels drawn 2.5 hours after a single 20-mg test dose of thiothixene. For 30 male schizophrenic inpatients, improvement on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale was significantly correlated with the single test-dose levels. Serum levels were also positively correlated with age, which may explain the tendency of elderly patients to require lower neuroleptic doses and to exhibit a higher incidence of side effects. The results suggest that acute single-dose levels may be useful in predicting clinical response to thiothixene.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1982

[Green hair].

A young blond woman developed green tinted hair from exposure to tap water containing excessive amounts of copper. The adsorbed copper was located in the peripheral region of the hair shaft. The copper concentration of her hair was elevated to about 3,000 ppm-5,000 ppm.

Adult↗

PubMed1982