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Biomedical subjects

J Bauer

Publications and source records attributed to J Bauer.

At least 433 records · Page 24Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The neocortico to mesio-basal limbic propagation of focal epileptic activity during the spike-wave complex.

In order to localize epileptogenic electrophysiological sources, a multichannel MEG system was used in 3 patients with partial epilepsy during presurgical evaluation. MEG and EEG (including scalp, sphenoidal and intracranial foramen ovale electrodes) were recorded simultaneously during a period of intensive video-EEG monitoring in order to observe single spontaneous spikes. In addition to MRI, SPECT and PET investigations were performed. Electrical activity subsequent to the activity of the epileptic focus could be localized by the MEG after noise reduction using a temporal correlation technique. Simultaneous registration of the magnetic field and the electrical field showed that the source of the primary focal epileptic activity (first period during the total spike wave complex where a dipolar magnetic field pattern is found) is localized in neocortical lateral regions, whereas another focal epileptic activity in a later phase of propagation occurs in temporal mesial regions. In 1 patient (case 1) the primary focal epileptic activity was localized in the surrounding neocortical tissue of an angioma and the middle and inferior temporal gyrus. The second phase of propagation is localized in temporo-basal-mesial regions, including para- and hippocampal structures. The latest center of activity occurred in posterior parts of the gyrus cinguli. In 2 other patients, the primary focal epileptogenic activity was localized at the insula and also spread into temporal basal mesial regions. A multi-modal approach to research of focal epilepsy, combining metabolic, electrical potential, magnetoencephalographic and morphological data, recorded by non-invasive techniques, offers new perspectives for the detection of involved brain regions. The 3-D and time-resolved localization of focal epileptic activity, correlated with the individual anatomy of the human brain, may improve the determination of neuronal populations involved in the individual epileptogenic process, especially in the interaction between temporal or extratemporal neocortex and limbic system.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The functional activity of high endothelial venules: a role for the subcapsular sinus macrophages in the lymph node.

Adherence of lymphocytes to high endothelial venules (HEV3) is the first step in normal lymphocyte emigration and recirculation. At sites of chronic inflammation, venules often become high-walled and may also be a site for leukocytes to leave the bloodstream. The immunologic and inflammatory mediators, responsible for these effects on endothelial cells, may be important for the maintenance and function of HEV in physiological conditions. It is reported here that the morphological and functional aspects of HEV can be studied by organ cultures of lymph nodes (LN). At 24 h of culture, the appearance of the node was still quite normal, whereas the HEV became flat-walled, with a 45-50% reduction in the capacity to bind lymphocytes. This decrease in function of HEV could be reduced when LN were cultured in the presence of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The effect of LPS on the function of HEV was presumably mediated by macrophages in the subcapsular sinus, because HEV in LN, which were depleted of subcapsular sinus and medullary macrophages previous to culture, could not be stimulated by addition of LPS to the cultures.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Femoral nerve lesion in heparin therapy].

Two case reports on femoral nerve lesion due to hematoma in the iliopsoas muscle or as the case may be in the iliacus muscles on both sides are presented with review of the literature. Synopsis of the reported cases--certainly a minority of anticoagulant therapy complications nevertheless increasingly mentioned in the literature--suggests that there might be a higher risk of bleeding for women within the first week of so-called high-dose heparin therapy. Coagulation studies do not contribute essentially in preventing retroperitoneal haematoma since they are within therapeutic limits in many cases. So clinical observation is crucial in the diagnosis of this complication of heparin therapy, which might occur more frequently under concomitant administration of acetacylic acid. Early surgical decompression of the femoral nerve seems to provide better results seen on follow-up than conservative treatment, especially in patients with rapid onset of severe limb weakness.

Blood Coagulation Tests↗
PubMed1991

Medial vs lateral frontal lobe lesions and differential impairment of central-gaze fixation maintenance in man.

The ability to maintain central-gaze fixation was studied in 35 patients with unilateral frontal lobe lesions. The stability of central-gaze fixation was tested in 2 oculomotor tasks requiring the suppression of reflexive saccades triggered by the sudden appearance of novel, peripheral visual stimuli. In the first task ('Instructed'), maintenance of gaze fixation was based on verbal instruction, whereas, in the second task ('Non-instructed'), it was based upon a foveating mechanism maintained by sensory stimulation during the performance of a categorization task. Patients with frontal lobe lesions were classified into 3 groups: a ventrolateral (n = 18), a dorsolateral (n = 10) and a medial (n = 7) group. The control group consisted of 20 healthy subjects. In the Non-instructed task, no group differences were found in the rate of reflexive saccades. Thus, lesions of the frontal lobe did not affect reactivity to extraneous stimuli per se. The only exception to this rule was the group of patients with ventrolateral lesions in the left frontal lobe, in which a higher number of reflexive saccades directed to the contralateral hemifield was observed. In the Instructed task, 2 different patterns of deficit in suppression of reflexive saccades were found. First, a bidirectional deficit was noted in the ventrolateral group, which might be attributed to an impairment in either maintaining a selected program of behaviour 'on-line' or suppressing inappropriate alternatives interfering with that program. Second, a unidirectional deficit in voluntary suppression of reflexive saccades triggered from within the contralateral hemifield was observed in the medial group. It is suggested that this type of deficit may reflect malfunctioning of the supplementary motor area--anterior cingulate system involved in the suppression of externally triggered interfering programs. Finally, no significant impairment was found in the dorsolateral group.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Cisplatin, vindesine, and 96-h continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil as initial chemotherapy for locally advanced head and neck carcinoma.

The combination of cisplatin (80 mg/m2, i.v., day 1), 96-h infusion of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (30 mg/kg/24 h) and vindesine (3 mg/m2 days 1 and 8) was evaluated in 31 patients with histologically proven epidermoid carcinoma of the head and neck. All patients were nonpretreated and had measurable lesions. Three (10%) of the 29 evaluable patients achieved a complete response (CR) and 19 (66%) had partial response (PR) with an overall response rate (CR + PR) of 76%. The major toxicity was leukopenia. Median overall survival was 14.5 months. It is concluded that the combination of cisplatin, 96-h infusion of 5-FU, and vindesine was as effective as other regimens including 5-FU and cisplatin reported in the literature, with a similar toxicity. The low CR rate in this trial is related to the high percentage of T4 N3 disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Inhibition of binocular contrast sensitivity in hypermetropic anisometropia.

Binocular contrast inhibition can occur when the monocular contrast sensitivities are not equal. It has been reported in cases of monocular cataracts. Our case is an 18-year-old female with 3.50 D of hypermetropic anisometropia. She was not amblyopic but showed a typical binocular contrast inhibition.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Human fetal hepatocytes respond to inflammatory mediators and excrete bile.

Under strict observation of the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki Human Research Committee, primary hepatocyte cultures were prepared from second-trimester fetal liver specimens. We have shown for the first time that fetal hepatocytes have the capacity to produce an acute-phase response on treatment with inflammatory mediators. Addition of interleukin-6 to the cultures resulted in strong induction of C-reactive protein and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin expression, whereas albumin expression was repressed. In contrast to interleukin-6, transforming growth factor-beta did not induce C-reactive protein expression. However, as in adult hepatocytes, fetal cells responded to transforming growth factor-beta by reduced albumin synthesis. We were able to show by virtue of fluorescein excretion into sealed clefts that fetal hepatocytes have the functional capacity to form bile. Our findings indicate that second-trimester hepatocytes can be regarded as fairly mature liver cells.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1991

[Ictal and interictal 99mTc-HMPAO-SPECT studies in temporal lobe epilepsy with unilateral EEG focus].

Ictal and interictal SPECT measurements using 99mTc-HMPAO are helpful in localising an epileptic focus. 24 patients (12 women and 12 men; mean age 30 years) suffering from temporal lobe epilepsies with unilateral EEG foci were examined. In all patients a presurgical evaluation including sphenoidal and foramen oval electrodes was carried out. The analysis of SPECT measurement was done visually and semi-quantitatively, comparing the data with findings in healthy persons (10 women and 10 men; mean age 24 years). The etiology of the epilepsy was confirmed by histological investigation in 16 cases, and by CT and MRI in 8 cases. The findings were gliosis in 6 cases, astrocytoma in 3 cases, cysts in 4 cases, and angioma in 3 cases. In 8 cases no pathological findings could be detected. In 46% of cases interictal SPECTs exhibited a focal hypoperfusion corresponding with the EEG-focus. In ictal SPECTs this could be found in 75% of cases. In all 10 patients without morphological findings or with gliosis (proved by histological investigations) a hyperperfusion coincident with the EEG-focus appeared in ictal SPECTs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Human recombinant IL-6: clinical promise.

The biology of interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been extensively reviewed. This article therefore does not repeat in detail how this molecule was discovered and its cDNA cloned, or the molecular mechanisms of its synthesis, its structural features, and its basic biological functions. Instead, three questions are addressed more closely: (i) How is IL-6 involved in various disease states? (ii) Can IL-6 be useful as a diagnostic clinical marker? (iii) Are there good reasons to expect that IL-6, IL-6 derivatives or IL-6 antagonists may eventually be utilized as therapeutic agents?

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1991

[Quantitative and qualitative MRI changes in temporal lobe epilepsy. A comparison with normal parameters of nuclear magnetic resonance tomography].

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) often reveals no pathology in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) who are candidates for surgery, even though post-surgery histology reveals atrophy or sclerosis. To differentiate these pathologies in MRI, we performed a standardized acquisition and a quantitative analysis of MRI data (qMRI). The standard values of 43 healthy subjects (both sex, left and right handed) were compared with those of 10 patients with TLE and unilateral EEG focus. A reduced estimated total brain extension, a significant atrophy of both temporal lobes with accentuation on the focus side and a significant hippocampal atrophy on focus-side were seen even in patients with no visually detectable pathology. The analysis of the signal intensities did not give additional information. Thus, qMRI is a helpful additional tool in the course of presurgical evaluation for focus lateralization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Comparative studies of in-vivo and in-vitro contraction behavior of gallbladders with impaired function].

The contractility of human gallbladders without calculi of 10 patients with typical biliary pain was investigated in vivo (n = 7; pharmacosonography) and in vitro (n = 10; isometric registration). In 6 out of 7 cases, investigated in vivo as well as in vitro, the contractility was identical--therefore the smooth-muscle-preparation in the organ-bath could be an interesting model for studies with CCK-antagonists. 3 of the in-vitro-preparations showed hypomotility consecutive to acetylcholine- and CCK-stimulation. Histologically, the destruction of the normal gallbladder wall structure by scars, chronic inflammation and the evidence of so-called Rokitansky-Aschoff-sinuses could be proved. The importance of these findings probably causal to the process of cholelithogenesis is discussed.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1991

Effects of cytokines on the liver.

Cytokines are essential for the communication not only between the liver and extrahepatic sites but also within the liver itself. Cytokines regulate the intermediary metabolism of amino acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and minerals. Cytokines partially interact with classical hormones such as glucocorticoids, resulting in a complex network of mutual control. Since many cytokines exert growth factor-like activities in addition to their specific proinflammatory effects, the distinction between cytokines and growth factors is somewhat artificial. The liver is an important site of synthesis and the major clearance organ for several cytokines. In liver disease, cytokines are involved in the onset of intrahepatic immune responses (e.g., during viral hepatitis), in liver regeneration (e.g., after partial hepatectomy) and in the fibrotic and cirrhotic transformation of the liver such as chronic chemical injury or viral infection. Further studies of cytokine actions may lead to a better understanding of liver diseases and to the development of new immunomodulating therapeutic options.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of behavioral and cognitive changes: the mental status examination.

Patients who present to the Emergency Department with a behavioral or cognitive disorder should be treated in an organized fashion. The most important element of their care is determining the etiology of their abnormality, whether organic or functional. The history and physical examination, along with laboratory and ancillary testing, should be directed toward this objective. The mental status examination plays a critical role in establishing the diagnosis. It must be focused and brief. By focusing on seven major areas (affect, attention, language, orientation, memory, visual-spatial ability, and conceptualization), a quick and thorough examination of the patient's mental status can be performed.

Behavior↗
PubMed1991

Evaluation of antirheumatic drugs for their effect in vitro on purified human synovial fluid phospholipase A2.

Agents used to treat rheumatoid arthritis were examined for their ability to modify synovial fluid phospholipase A2 (SF-PLA2) activity. Nonsteroidal or steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and disease modifying agents exhibited little or no PLA2 modulatory activity. The exceptions include weak inhibition displayed by the cyclooxygenase inhibitors, indomethacin (IC50 = 144.8 microM) and sulindac sulfide (30.2 microM) and a 5-lipoxygenase translocation inhibitor, MK-886 (IC50 = 50 microM). Cyclosporine potentiated acylhydrolysis (EC50 = 1.5 microM) whereas the other immunomodulators examined demonstrated no significant effect on SF-PLA2 activity. Our data show that there are no selective PLA2 inhibitors currently used in the treatment of human arthritic disease and the viability of this novel approach remains to be tested.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗
PubMed1990

Induction of an interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) on monocytic cells. Evidence that the receptor is not encoded by a T cell-type IL-1R mRNA.

Primary human monocytes and the human monocytic cell line THP-1 were induced to express receptors for interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-1 beta. Treatment of primary monocytes with dexamethasone resulted in a 10-fold increase in receptor number over untreated cells, to approximately 2,000 receptors/cell. Treatment of THP-1 cells with phorbol ester followed by prostaglandin E2 and dexamethasone resulted in the expression of approximately 30,000 receptors/cell. Competitive binding assays on THP-1 cells showed that both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta bind to the same receptor. The monocyte IL-1R is significantly smaller (63 kDa) than the T cell IL-1R (80 kDa) and is immunologically distinct. However, induction of monocytes and monocytic cell lines leads to the appearance of an abundant mRNA of approximately 5,000 bases which hybridizes to a cDNA probe from the T cell-type IL-1R. Sequence data obtained from a cDNA clone of this mRNA indicate that the message is identical to the T cell IL-1R mRNA throughout the coding region. A smaller mRNA, also homologous to the T cell IL-1R mRNA, accumulated in induced THP-1 cells and has a shorter 3'-untranslated region than the larger. Data are presented which suggest that neither form of this message encodes the 63-kDa IL-1R, but rather that this protein is the product of a separate nonhomologous mRNA.

Cell Line↗