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Biomedical subjects

J Barth

Publications and source records attributed to J Barth.

At least 163 records · Page 9Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

[Phenotypic analysis and gene expression of inflammatory reaction forms of the monocyte/macrophage system].

The phenotypic heterogeneity of the monocyte/macrophage system is mirrored by the various inflammatory reactions of this cell system. Using monoclonal antibodies functional subpopulations of the monocyte/macrophage system can be observed, though the pathophysiological processes of the various inflammatory reactions still remain mostly unclear. By analysing phenotypic properties and gene expression in cells of the bronchoalveolar lavage it will be shown that the activity and the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of reactive processes can be defined.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1989

[Changes in the bronchial musculature in chronic obstructive respiratory tract diseases].

Changes in the bronchial musculature in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, were submitted to a systematic electron-microscopic investigation. A marked interstitial fibrosis with degenerative changes affecting the muscle cells was observed. The formal pathogenetic course of these changes can be reconstructed on the basis of numerous individual findings. The muscle cells are progressively "ensheathed" in a disorderly fine-filamentous basic structure (matrix), and in collagenous fibres. As a result, the contact surfaces between the muscle cells are disturbed, and the nerve endings "displaced" from the muscle cells. This fibrosis is associated with a protracted "shrivelling" of the individual muscle cells. The changes involving the muscles of the bronchial wall are comparable with those seen in the smooth muscles of blood vessels involved in arteriosclerosis. The morphological changes to the muscles of the bronchi described in this paper strongly suggest that protracted fibrosis formation, coupled with the degradation of muscle cells, contribute to a loss of elasticity of the bronchial wall in chronic obstructive lung disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[References for the operating behavior of ultraviolet fluorescence tubes in phototherapy equipment].

The working behaviour of the UV-fluorescent tubes type UVS 20-2, UVS 40-2 and UVS 65-2 (Manufacturer: VEB NARVA "Rosa Luxemburg" Leuchten- und Leuchtstoff-lampenwerk Brand-Erbisdorf) applicated in phototherapy equipments has been investigated in four commercially and two self-made devices. In the first 100 hours of the application of the fluorescent tubes an exponential decrease of the irradiation power reaching a value of 30 percent must be considered. After an exchange of old tubes (1,500 working hours) to new one a jump in the irradiation power with a factor 2.5 may be observed. The temperature of the fluorescent tube altering after the switch and daily instabilities in the supply power influence the irradiation power in a way that must not be neglected. The emission of equipments with good remove of the tube heat is constant after 5 minutes. In constructions causing and maintaining a high temperature of the tubes this time is about 20 minutes.

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1989

[Spontaneous interleukin 1 secretion by alveolar macrophages from the bronchoalveolar lavage of patients with active sarcoidosis].

Alveolar macrophages from 28 patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis, from 6 patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and from 8 control subjects were tested for their spontaneous interleukin-1 release. Whereas alveolar macrophages from the controls and from the patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis did not show a significant release of interleukin 1, 14 of the sarcoidosis patients displayed a considerable spontaneous interleukin-1 secretion. Besides radiographic signs of an increased disease activity these patients revealed a significantly elevated number of lymphocytes and a significantly increased T4/T8-ratio in the bronchoalveolar lavage indicating an enhanced inflammatory activity of sarcoidosis. The spontaneous interleukin-1 release is possibly due to a raised number of immature alveolar macrophages in the lung of patients with sarcoidosis.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid↗
PubMed1988

Increased release of free oxygen radicals by phagocytosing and nonphagocytosing cells from patients with active pulmonary sarcoidosis as revealed by luminol-dependent chemiluminescence.

Oxidative metabolism in phagocytes such as granulocytes, monocytes, and alveolar macrophages is becoming of increasing interest in efforts to determine the pathogenetic mechanisms in diseases related to tissue damage, e.g., sarcoidosis. The release of free oxygen radicals is dependent on the activation of the oxidative metabolism and can be measured by means of chemiluminescence. Basic luminol-dependent chemiluminescence released by monocytes and alveolar macrophages from 12 patients with untreated pulmonary sarcoidosis stage II was increased (p less than 0.01) compared with 12 control subjects. A less distinct difference could be observed in the chemiluminescence response of granulocytes (P less than 0.05). After stimulation with zymosan, alveolar macrophages and monocytes (P less than 0.01) as well as granulocytes (P less than 0.05) had an enhanced luminol-dependent chemiluminescence compared with the control group. Emission of chemiluminescence by alveolar macrophages was considerably lower than that of granulocytes and monocytes. No significant correlation could be demonstrated between chemiluminescence response of granulocytes and monocytes and cellular markers of sarcoidotic activity such as lymphocytosis in bronchoalveolar lavage and T-helper/T-suppressor ratio in the lavage fluid. In contrast to that, a significant correlation (P less than 0.01) could be observed both between nonstimulated chemiluminescence and stimulated chemiluminescence and lymphocytosis and T-helper/T-suppressor ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage. Enhanced chemiluminescence may indicate inflammatory activation in pulmonary sarcoidosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Comparative pharmacokinetics of methylprednisolone phosphate and hemisuccinate in high doses.

The pharmacokinetics of methylprednisolone and two methylprednisolone esters, the phosphate and the hemisuccinate, were investigated after intravenous administration of the esters to 12 healthy male subjects in two different doses (250 and 1000 mg). Methylprednisolone was formed more rapidly from phosphate than from hemisuccinate. During the first 30 min methylprednisolone levels were three to four times higher after phosphate administration than after hemisuccinate. The mean residence time of the hemisuccinate was significantly longer and the total-body clearance lower than those of the phosphate. Whereas very little of the phosphate (mean, 1.7%) was eliminated unchanged into the urine, there were significant amounts of hemisuccinate (mean, 14.7%) excreted renally and therefore not bioavailable. Methylprednisolone saliva levels paralleled plasma levels; the average saliva/plasma ratio was 0.22. Neither phosphate nor hemisuccinate could be detected in saliva. An average of 7.2% of the administered dose was eliminated in the form of methylprednisolone in urine. Renal clearance was 24 ml/min and not dose or prodrug dependent. For both doses endogenous hydrocortisone levels were lowered after 24 hr. For the 1000-mg dose the depression was still significant after 48 hr. The results indicate that methylprednisolone phosphate results in a faster and more efficient conversion to its active form, methylprednisolone, than methylprednisolone hemisuccinate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

Diminished activity of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase in alveolar macrophages from patients with active sarcoidosis.

Alveolar macrophages differ from their percursors in blood, monocytes, by expressing strong activity of the tartrate resistant variant of acid phosphatase (TAcP). A study was carried out to analyse the expression of this enzyme cytochemical marker by alveolar macrophages from bronchoalveolar lavage cells from 34 patients with sarcoidosis and 12 control subjects. Alveolar macrophages from control subjects displayed a strong and homogeneous staining pattern and only 0.1% of cells were negative after staining. Macrophages from patients with sarcoidosis showed reduced TAcP activity and up to 7% of the cells were negative. The percentage of TAcP negative macrophages was correlated with the percentage of lymphocytes and with the ratio of CD4 to CD8 lymphocytes among cells recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage. The reduced TAcP activity in alveolar macrophages from patients with sarcoidosis may be due to an increased recruitment of immature precursors from blood.

Acid Phosphatase↗
PubMed1988

Multinucleated giant cells generated in vitro. Terminally differentiated macrophages with down-regulated c-fms expression.

Although multinucleated giant cells (MGCs) are a known feature of granulomatous reactions, little is known about their destination and function. In this study human blood monocyte (BM)-derived giant cells were generated by lymphokine stimulation in vitro. Their immunophenotype and ultrastructural morphology resembled that of MGCs occurring in vivo. Mitotic activity within MGCs could not be established either in vitro or in vivo. Enzyme equipment of MGCs was elevated in comparison with monocyte-macrophages. In comparison with unfused monocyte-macrophages, MGCs did not reveal a higher level of interleukin-1 production or cytostatic activity. They showed, however, a 20-30-fold increase in the production of oxygen-free radicals in response to zymosan. Transcription of the proto-oncogene c-fms was enhanced in short-term cultivated BM and was rapidly down-regulated in MGCs after fusion had occurred. It is concluded that MGCs represent highly stimulated cells of monocyte-macrophage lineage at a terminal stage of maturation.

Antigens↗