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Biomedical subjects

J Barrat

Publications and source records attributed to J Barrat.

At least 91 records · Page 5Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

[Tubal sterility].

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Fallopian Tube Diseases↗
PubMed1987

[Termination of pregnancy and evacuation of the uterine contents in the second trimester. Use of a prostaglandin E2 analog: sulprostone].

The authors used sulprostone on 165 women whose pregnancies had lasted more than 12 weeks. The principal indications were: intra-uterine fetal deaths in 65 cases and an antenatal diagnosis of fetal malformations in 75 cases. Three routes of administration of the drug were employed: extra-amniotic in 15 women; intravenous in 62 women; intramuscular in 88 women. The doses used (adding together the intramuscular and intravenous routes) were: ampoule of 500 micrograms of sulprostone in 25% of cases; ampoules in 50% of cases; ampoules in 25% of cases. It was found to be very effective: by the intravenous route 88.70% expelled the fetus in 24 hours with a mean induction delivery time of 11 hours; by the intramuscular route 89.77% expelled in 24 hours with a mean induction delivery time of 11 hours 45 minutes. The side effects were not common: nausea in 17.6%; vomiting in 16.4% and diarrhoea in 6%. Ther marked effectiveness of sulprostone on the one hand and the good tolerance on the other indicate the effects of this product, which are a strong action on the uterus and a feeble action on the smooth muscle of other organs.

Abortifacient Agents↗
PubMed1987

[Changes in indications for cesarean section from 1977 to 1983. Apropos of 18,605 deliveries].

Between 1977 and 1983 there were 18,605 women delivered in the maternity unit of St-Antoine Hospital. Of these 2,382 had caesarean operations, which is a percentage of 12.8. This percentage rose in a statistically significant way between 1977, when it was 8.8% and 1984 when it was 14.9%. Three groups of indications for caesarean operations were classified. These are: absolutely essential caesareans (feto-pelvic disproportion, placenta praevia, transverse lies). Prophylactic caesareans (uterine scars, breech presentations and fetal distress) and caesarean operations judged eventually to be necessary (dystocia in labour, high blood pressure and maternal pathology). The rise in the caesarean operations in the period of years studied came mainly from the increase in prophylactic caesarean operations, which reflected a progressive change in the attitude of obstetricians in the department. A study of the literature shows that this change coincided with a parallel change in many countries without there having been any concerted action between the countries, and also because there was a general desire to control the great rise in the number of caesareans and to find the optimum number that should be performed.

Cesarean Section↗
PubMed1986

[Immunological disorders of coagulation in habitual abortion. Prospective study].

The physiopathological role of antithromboplastin-type circulating anticoagulants in habitual abortion may be envisaged since the presence of antithromboplastin has been reported in most studies on women at high risk of abortion. To avoid a possible statistical bias, we conducted a prospective study in a sufficiently large group of women with habitual abortion (n = 99) compared with a control group of women with normal fecundity (n = 50). In addition, all women were investigated for lupus symptoms. The circulating antibody was detected by the diluted thromboplastin time and activated cephalin time methods. The results were considered positive when the patient/control diluted thromboplastin time ratio was 1.2 and/or when the increase in activated cephalin time was not corrected by a control plasma. In the patients' group, 10 women (10%) had an anti-thromboplastin type circulating anticoagulant, whereas no circulating anticoagulant could be detected in the control group. Three women with circulating anticoagulant had signs of systemic lupus erythematosus. None of the patients presented with Soulier-Boffa syndrome. These data have established a significant correlation between habitual abortion and circulating anticoagulant whilst avoiding statistical bias. Our results suggest that women with idiopathic habitual abortion should be subjected to systematic immunological exploration and that a small number of them should be followed attentively.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1986

The effects of oral administration of progesterone for premature labor.

The potential tocolytic effect of natural progesterone administration on premature labor was investigated in a double-blind study. An oral progesterone formulation was used because its ability to increase both plasma and myometrial concentration of progesterone in pregnant women had been previously demonstrated. Furthermore, no commercial intravenous or intramuscular natural progesterone formulation is currently available in France. Fifty-seven patients in two obstetric clinics, admitted because of the risk of premature delivery, were included in the study, and uterine contractility and fetal cardiac rhythm were monitored in all of them. At random and after 30 minutes' rest, 29 women absorbed four capsules of 100 mg of progesterone each and 28 women absorbed four capsules of a placebo. Plasma progesterone levels were evaluated in all cases after 30 minutes' rest and 1 hour after absorption of the capsules. The results showed that bed rest and placebo administration decrease uterine activity in 42% of the cases and oral progesterone decreases activity in 75% to 88% of cases, depending on the initial severity of the menace of premature delivery. The difference between the effects of progesterone and of placebo is significant. The tocolytic effect of oral progesterone is not as intense or as rapid as the effect of intravenous beta-mimetics but is sufficient in 80% of cases, on the average, to stop the premature labor without any detectable side effects. This tocolytic effect of oral progesterone is related not just to an increase in plasma progesterone levels but probably to an increase in myometrial progesterone concentration.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

[Parasitism of Mustelidae by Skrjabingylus petrovi: first report in western Europe].

A study of the sinuses parasites was carried out on 206 skulls of small mustelidae: Mustela putorius (52), M. nivalis (17), M. erminea (13), Martes foina (102), and M. martes (11) from Eastern France. Besides Troglotrema acutum two Skrjabingylus species (S. nasicola and and S. petrovi) were observed and S. petrovi described for the first time in France.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Autoimmunity, fetal losses, lupus anticoagulant: beginning of systemic lupus erythematosus or new autoimmune entity with gynaeco-obstetrical expression?

Among the various autoantibodies commonly found in women with systemic lupus erythematosus, the so-called lupus anticoagulant has been described in association with fetal losses. Recently, women with repeated spontaneous abortions and lupus anticoagulant, but no apparent systemic lupus erythematosus have been described. We have studied prospectively the possible connections between fetal losses and autoimmunity in a large control study of 130 idiopathic habitual aborters. These non-pregnant patients without any antecedent autoimmune disease were explored for the presence for autoantibodies especially lupus anticoagulant. Ten percent of the patients exhibit an antithromboplastin antibody (lupus anticoagulant) and half of this group possesses a striking association of biological manifestations of autoimmunity. In conclusion, two points appear: firstly, statistical correlation is demonstrated between antithromboplastin antibody and habitual abortion; secondly, doubt remains about the significance of the association between autoimmunity, fetal losses and antithromboplastin: beginning of systemic lupus erythematosus or new autoimmune entity with gynaeco-obstetrical expression.

Abortion, Habitual↗
PubMed1986

[Listeriosis in obstetrical environment. Report on 10-year experience in a maternity hospital in Paris].

Thirty six cases of listeriosis were seen in the hospital between 1975 and 1984. Ten aborted before the 28th week of pregnancy while 26 passed the 28th week of pregnancy. The incidence was about 1 per 1,000 deliveries. The bacteriological diagnosis depends on isolating the germ either from blood cultures or from multiple swabs from the child at birth, or from liquor amnii or from the placenta. The clinical events that occur in pregnancy were analysed in order to trace out the evolution of maternal listeriosis better and to work out from it a good preventive therapeutic approach. Twenty one out of the 26 women found in the month preceding delivery lassitude, often accompanied by a febrile illness which suggested a primary infection with the listeria. The blood cultures from four of them showed L. monocytogenes and treating these ladies with antibiotics enabled the pregnancy to go to term. Thirteen of the infants that were affected developed favourably but 8 died. Four of these died in utero and two (twins) died after being born healthy. The seriousness of the illness in the fetus seems to have a direct relationship to the time between the primary infection and the delivery. Blood cultures make it possible to diagnose the condition at the first sign of infection whatever the clinical features of the case are.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Beta hemolytic streptococcal infection in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes L.) in France: the natural disease and experimental studies.

Beta hemolytic streptococcal infections, usually of group G and C, were identified in red foxes in France. In a study of 31 animals, septicemia and jaundice were found to be the main signs of the disease. Gross and microscopic lesions consisted of generalized inflammation of viscera and joints, jaundice, cellulitis and abscesses of spleen, liver, lungs and kidneys. The disease was reproduced in foxes by intramuscular inoculation of less than the minimal quantity of bacteria lethal to mice. When challenged, recovered animals were resistant to infection that proved to be lethal to control animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Pregnancy in adolescents].

225 women aged less than 18 years of age at the start of their pregnancies were seen in the Saint Antoine Hospital between July 1977 and December 1983 (1.2%). These pregnancies were studied using data-processing. From the sociological angle there were two main groups. There were on-dwelling French women (29.3%) and African women (27.1%). These groups could be compared according to the total number of women who were married (35% French girls and 95% in the Africans) and the age of the partner and his professional activity. 46 patients had already had one previous pregnancy of which 29 delivered at term. In 25% of the pregnancies there were fewer than 4 antenatal consultations. There was a rise in the numbers of premature labours (22.2%) and only a small number of cases of toxaemia (4.4%). The caesarean section rate was 9.3%. The average weight of the newborn was 3110 g. The perinatal mortality rate was 8 per 1000. The conclusions that can be drawn are that pregnancies in adolescents who attend the Saint Antoine Maternity Hospital are "at risk" pregnancies, but the percentage who are at risk is fewer than in many other countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

[Glycosylated hemoglobin in pregnant women with glycosuria].

Systematic assays of glycosylated haemoglobin were performed to verify that pregnant women with glycosuria and normal fasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance tests had no disturbances in glycoregulation . Glycosylated haemoglobin levels were measured in 25 glycosuric women on the second (n = 11) or third (n = 14) trimester of pregnancy and compared with those of 81 non-glycosuric women of similar weight and gestational age. On the third trimester, glycosylated haemoglobin levels were significantly higher in glycosuric women of normal weight than in controls (5.85% versus 5.08%; p less than 0.01). They were also significantly higher in obese glycosuric women than in controls of the same weight (6.71% versus 5.3%; p less than 0.001) and exceeded normal limits. These results should encourage better detection (by glucose tolerance test) and better supervision of women with "renal" diabetes.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Comparison of the effects of orally or percutaneously administered estradiol on carbohydrates and lipids after the menopause].

The metabolic changes in carbohydrate (fasting blood sugar and blood sugar levels two hours after taking 70 g of glucose orally as well as insulin and glycosylated A1c haemoglobin) and also lipid metabolism as total and fractional HDL, triglycerides and alphaprotein B, were compared in 43 patients of a mean age of 48.6 years who had hysterectomy with castration. These patients were divided into two random groups: the first group (23 women) received hormone replacement treatment in a dose of 1.5 mg of oestradiol percutaneously, the second group of 20 women received 2 mg of oestradiol specially prepared for oral administration. Biological control was carried out immediately after the treatment and 3 and 6 months later. It consisted of levels of carbohydrates and of lipids and of oestriol, oestradiol and FSH. Both treatments, whether percutaneous or oral, were similar in their beneficial action on the changes brought about by castration. When 17 Beta oestradiol was administered percutaneously a better control over the carbohydrate and lipid (triglyceride) metabolism was obtained. This confirms that when oestradiol is administered orally the same respect has to be given to the contrary indications to its administration and to controlling the metabolic effects as when any other form of oestrogen therapy is administered orally.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1984

[Echocardiography study of hemodynamic changes in pregnancy].

The purpose of this study is to monitor the haemodynamic changes that occur in pregnancy using ultrasound. Although all previous studies do demonstrate an increase in frequency and the volume of the cardiac output, the results seem to be different as far as variations in volume during systole occur and the mechanisms by which they occur. These differences can be explained by problems associated with the different methods used. Our study was carried out on ten pregnant women who were examined in each trimester (TM1, TM2, TM3) and post-partum (TM4). The results confirm that cardiac frequency rises (TM3 92 +/- 5 VS TM4 73 +/- 3 cpm p less than 0,01) and cardiac output does (TM3 7,2 +/- 0,6 VS TM4 4,8 +/- 0,3 Umm p less than 0,01). The volume in systolic ejection (VES) rises throughout pregnancy when the patient is lying on her left side (TM3 81 +/- 4 VS TM4 69 +/- 2 ml p less than 0,01). The rise in VES could be put down to an increase to the veinous return which itself is reflected by the left auricle (TM3 33,7 +/- 1,1 mm VS TM4 29,9 +/- 0,7 mm p less than 0,05) and in the left ventricle (TM3 48,7 +/- 0,6 VS TM4 46,3 +/- 0,3 mm p less than 0,01) and the sudden drop in the total peripheral resistance (TM1 950 +/- 50 VS TM4 1 335 +/- 95 dynes/sec. X cm-5 p less than 0,01). It does not seem as though there is any change in myocardial contractility.

Echocardiography↗