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Biomedical subjects

J Barbara

Publications and source records attributed to J Barbara.

54 records · Page 3Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Preliminary report: accurate assays for anti-HIV in urine.

Untreated urine specimens from 358 patients (344 attending genito-urinary medicine clinics, 14 haemophiliacs) and 353 blood donors were tested blind by a simple IgG-capture particle-adherence test (GACPAT) and a rapid IgG-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (GACELISA) for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV). All 158 urine specimens from seropositive subjects were anti-HIV positive by GACPAT and 157 of them (99.4%) were positive by GACELISA. Tests on 553 urine specimens from seronegative subjects gave two repeatable false-positive reactions by GACPAT (0.4%) and none by GACELISA. By means of a modified procedure anti-gp160 was detected by commercial western blot in the urine of 44 of 45 seropositive subjects examined. IgG-capture assays will detect anti-HIV in unconcentrated urine and so allow a diagnosis in circumstances when blood sampling is impracticable.

Blotting, Western↗
PubMed1988

Cytomegalovirus screened blood for neonatal intensive care units.

Two infants were considered to have acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection from blood transfusions screened for the presence of CMV antibody by a haemagglutination assay. Further samples from the same donors were tested by a latex agglutination test; six of 18 (33%) previously believed seronegative were found to be seropositive.

Agglutination Tests↗
PubMed1987

HIV infection due to a platelet transfusion after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

A 30-yr-old man with chronic granulocytic leukaemia received a bone marrow transplant from his histocompatible sister in December 1982. His post-transplant course was complicated by Grade III graft-versus-host disease and multiple infectious episodes until his death from pneumonia on d + 190. He was later found to be seropositive for anti-HIV at the time of his death. Retrospective analysis of stored sera showed a transient period of seropositivity from d + 11 to d + 20 thought to reflect passive transfer of antibody from a blood product transfused prior to d + 11 when he was also exposed to infectious virus. He remained seronegative until d + 78 when anti-HIV was again found. Seropositivity persisted until his death and was attributed to endogenous antibody response. Although it is unclear whether his clinical course was due to AIDS, exposure of an immunosuppressed patient to HIV may be associated with more rapid development of clinical disease.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1987

Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) activities in north London blood donors.

Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) activities were measured in over 2000 north London blood donors. The results were compared with those from the United States. The percentage of the total donor population with ALT activities above 40 IU/l in 1986 was greater than that found in our earlier studies in 1973 and 1982 (4.6% compared with 2.8% and 3.1%, respectively). There was a noticeable difference in the ALT distribution between male and female donors: mean +2.25 SD for male donors was 55.3 IU/l, while that for female donors was 30.8 IU/l at 37 degrees C. In stability studies the optimal temperature for short term storage (10 days) was 4 degrees C (6.4% loss of activity after 10 days). Surprisingly, storage at lower temperatures (-35 degrees C and -80 degrees C) resulted in greater loss of activity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The transmission of donor-derived malignant melanoma to a renal allograft recipient.

The transmission to organ transplant recipients of donor origin malignancy in the allograft has been described. Here we report the transmission of malignant melanoma in a renal allograft transplanted from a multiorgan donor. The lung transplant recipient presented with an allograft lesion that was proven to be melanoma and of donor-origin based on human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR typing. One renal allograft recipient was undergoing his second deceased donor renal transplant, having lost his first graft from recurrent IgA nephropathy. He was unsensitized and immunosuppression consisted of tacrolimus, mycophenolate and prednisolone. He achieved stable graft function and there were no episodes of rejection. Four and a half months post-transplant a diagnosis of donor origin melanoma in the lung recipient was made and his immunosuppression was stopped. He presented with clinical rejection two wk later and a transplant nephrectomy was undertaken. Histology demonstrated vascular and cellular rejection and there was a 3-mm melanoma deposit with no evidence of tumour infiltrating lymphocytes. Three years post-transplant he remained clinically well with no evidence of melanoma and received his third deceased donor renal transplant. This was complicated by cellular rejection in the first week treated with methylprednisolone and vascular rejection at day 10 treated with anti-thymocyte globulin. Three months post-transplant he has achieved good allograft function and remains well with no evidence clinically or on imaging of metastatic melanoma. The other renal allograft recipient was receiving his first deceased donor transplant, having end-stage renal failure of uncertain aetiology. His immunosuppression was not stopped until melanoma was proven in the renal allograft pair six months post-transplant and he then presented with clinical rejection six wk later. Transplant nephrectomy was undertaken and histology did not demonstrate melanoma, but severe vascular and cellular rejection was evident. At three-yr post-transplant he remains disease free clinically and on imaging. At present, the cardiac allograft recipient has no evidence of transmitted melanoma. The highest risk of transmission of donor origin melanoma appears to be from donors who are older and have died from an intracerebral haemorrhage. It is likely these donors have metastatic melanoma and their intracerebral haemorrhage is not primary but has occurred in an unrecognized metastatic cerebral deposit. While the occurrence of donor-transmitted malignancy is not common, the outcome is often fatal.

Graft Rejection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Competitive immunoassay for antigenic latex protein measurement: rabbit antiserum-based assay compared to modified Lowry and human IgE-inhibition methods.

A new rabbit antiserum-based assay was designed and evaluated for the assessment of the allergen potency of latex medical gloves, since total protein measurement by modified Lowry method remains unsatisfactory and the human IgE-inhibition method is limited by the use of sera from type I allergic patients. Four rabbit sera against a nonammoniated latex extract were shown by immunoblotting to have similar binding patterns to those obtained by human IgE. One rabbit serum was used to develop a competitive immunoassay for antigenic latex proteins (CIALP). The same nonammoniated latex extract was used for coating and calibration. The lower detection limit of the method was 0.085 microgram/g of glove. Antigenic proteins measured by CIALP for 77 latex glove extracts (33 pairs of surgical gloves and 11 exam gloves) showed positive correlation with those of the modified Lowry method (r = 0.4; p < 0.001). For 36 extracts made from the right and the left hand of 18 out of the 33 surgical latex gloves tested, inhibition of human specific-IgE results did not correlate with the modified Lowry method but did with the CIALP results (r = 0.8, p < 0.0001). The CIALP, which is well correlated with the human IgE-inhibition test, enables the assessment of the allergenicity of latex medical gloves by measuring the antigenic proteins.

Animals↗