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Biomedical subjects

J Bain

Publications and source records attributed to J Bain.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Schistosoma mansoni: control of hepatotoxicity and egg excretion by immune serum in infected immunosuppressed mice is schistosome species-specific, but not S. mansoni strain-specific.

Immunosuppressed mice infected with Schistosoma mansoni suffer from an acute hepatotoxicity reaction, and they fail to excrete as many parasite eggs as comparably infected immunologically intact control animals. The hepatotoxicity was shown here to be preventable, and egg excretion rates were enhanced, by transfer of serum from donors with chronic S. mansoni infections, but not by serum from donors with heterologous infections of Schistosoma haematobium, Schistosoma bovis, or Schistosoma japonicum. The effects of the transferred sera are considered to be due to specific antibody, but the possibility of cytokine involvement is discussed. A high degree of serological cross-reactivity was found between sera from mice infected with the different schistosome species and unfractionated egg homogenate (SEA) in ELISA. Cross-reactivity of the heterologous sera was, however, reduced against CEF6, a partially purified fraction of S. mansoni eggs that contains the putative hepatotoxin and has serodiagnostic potential. S. mansoni isolates from Puerto Rico, Brazil, Egypt, and Kenya shared similar characteristics with respect to the immune dependence of egg excretion and hepatotoxicity in immunosuppressed mice. The S. mansoni geographic isolates were also indistinguishable serologically, in terms of both the capacity of respective infection sera to neutralize hepatotoxicity and in their capacity to promote egg excretion of the other isolates in vivo. Complete immunological cross-reactivity of the geographically distinct isolates was also observed in ELISA with both CEF6 and SEA. Utilization of CEF6 for serodiagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni is therefore unlikely to be restricted by geographical considerations.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

An assessment of regeneration across peripheral nerve allografts in rats receiving short courses of cyclosporin A immunosuppression.

While peripheral nerve reconstruction could benefit from the use of nerve allografts, long term immunosuppression for non-vital organ transplantation is controversial. This study investigated the effectiveness of short course Cyclosporin A immunosuppression. Fourteen Lewis (RT1l) rats were the recipients of 3 cm sciatic nerve grafts from ACI (RT1a) donors, repaired to the transected sciatic nerve of the recipient animal. Animals were treated with Cyclosporin A (5 mg/kg/day) for eight weeks. Neuromuscular function was assessed every two weeks by sciatic function index determinations until 20 weeks. Electrophysiological, histological and morphological evaluations were performed at 14 (n = 6) and 20 weeks (n = 8) postengraftment. Rats had significantly improving functional studies from four to eight weeks (P = 0.01). Function decreased following cessation of Cyclosporin A treatment. Rats evaluated at 14 weeks had histological evidence of graft rejection with inflammatory cell infiltration, extensive demyelination and remyelination, and some Wallerian degeneration. Rats demonstrated improvement in morphological parameters and motor function from 14 to 20 weeks after engraftment. In this sciatic nerve allograft model, short course Cyclosporin A immunosuppression, although resulting in an initial episode of graft rejection, was successful in permitting good long term functional regeneration of neuromuscular function.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Acute red ear in children: controlled trial of non-antibiotic treatment in general practice.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the efficacy and safety of conservative management of mild otitis media ("the acute red ear") in children. DESIGN: Double blind placebo controlled trial. SETTING: 17 group general practices (48 general practitioners) in Southampton, Bristol, and Portsmouth. PATIENTS: 232 children aged 3-10 years with acute earache and at least one abnormal eardrum (114 allocated to receive antibiotic, 118 placebo). INTERVENTIONS: Amoxycillin 125 mg three times a day for seven days or matching placebo; 100 ml paracetamol 120 mg/5 ml. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diary records of pain and crying, use of analgesic, eardrum signs, failure of treatment, tympanometry at one and three months, recurrence rate, and ear, nose, and throat referral rate over one year. RESULTS: Treatment failure was eight times more likely in the placebo than the antibiotic group (14.4% v 1.7%, odds ratio 8.21, 95% confidence interval 1.94 to 34.7). Children in the placebo group showed a significantly higher incidence of fever on the day after entry (20% v 8%, p less than 0.05), mean analgesic consumption (0.36 ml/h v 0.21 ml/h, difference 0.14, 95% confidence interval 0.07 to 0.23; p = 0.0022), mean duration of crying (1.44 days v 0.50 days, 0.94; 0.50 to 1.38; p less than 0.001), and mean absence from school (1.96 days v 0.52 days, 1.45; 0.46 to 2.42; p = 0.0132). Differences in recorded pain were not significant. The prevalence of middle ear effusion at one or three months, as defined by tympanometry, was not significantly different, nor was there any difference in recurrence rate or in ear, nose, and throat referral rate in the follow up year. No characteristics could be identified which predicted an adverse outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Use of antibiotic improves short term outcome substantially and therefore continues to be an appropriate management policy.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed1991

Delay in diagnosis of childhood asthma and its influence on respiratory consultation rates.

A survey of cases of asthma in two general practices with a special interest in the disease identified 212 asthmatic children aged 0-16 years by the end of January 1989 who had been registered in that practice since birth. Delay in diagnosis, both in terms of time (median 2.95 years) and number of consultations (median 7), was considerable. Annual rates of consultations for respiratory symptoms that were initiated by the patients fell significantly after diagnosis (median before = 1.80, after = 0.95 consultations/year), but the number initiated by the doctors rose significantly (median before = 0, after = 1.01 consultations/year). The overall rates before and after diagnosis were not significantly different (median before = 2.04, after = 2.21 consultations/year). Increased efforts are required to reduce this delay thereby minimising the morbidity of asthma in childhood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Male contraception.

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Coitus Interruptus↗