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Biomedical subjects

J B Younger

Publications and source records attributed to J B Younger.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

A model of parenting stress.

A preliminary theoretical model of parenting stress was tested. The additive effects of a series of stresses, namely, stressful pregnancy, stress of labor and delivery, and the stress of parenting were examined in a causal model of parenting stress. Factors theoretically expected to be protective in stressful circumstances, like, personality strength, prior experience, age, education, and social support, were predicted to be negatively related to stress. Data from 101 mothers whose infants were 6 weeks old were analyzed using path analysis. The data fit the model and explained 41% of the variance in parenting stress. The empirical model showed significant paths from prior experience and social support to the stress of pregnancy. The mother's education was the only significant variable in the pathway to labor and delivery stress and it was positively related to stress. Paths to parenting stress existed from personality and from pregnancy stress, but not from labor and delivery stress or any of the other variables.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Use of a single random serum progesterone value as a diagnostic aid for ectopic pregnancy.

We evaluated the usefulness of serum progesterone (P) determinations in differentiating between ectopic pregnancy (EP), normal intrauterine pregnancy (IUP), and abnormal IUP. Values were obtained from 233 samples from 54 patients with IUP, 100 samples from 26 patients with abnormal IUP, and 125 samples from 46 patients with EP. Although mean values from all three groups were significantly different, we could not detect a single value that readily predicted both the presence and absence of EP. Only 2% of patients with EP (excluding those having undergone ovulation induction) had a P greater than 20 ng/mL and only 2% of patients with IUP had a value less than 10 ng/mL. Thirty-one percent of IUP, 23% of abnormal IUP, and 52% of EP had values that fell between 10 and 20 ng/mL, which limits the clinical usefulness of this test.

Female↗
PubMed1991

A theory of mastery.

Mastery is a human response to difficult or stressful circumstances in which competency, control, and dominion have been gained over the experience of stress. The goal of the theory of mastery is to explain how individuals who experience illness or other stressful health conditions may emerge, not demoralized and vulnerable, but healthy and possibly stronger. The human response to stress is fundamentally an existential problem. As such, the theory of mastery has philosophic as well as conceptual roots.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1991

A primary care focus on pediatric cardiology.

Primary care pediatric cardiology is principally concerned with prevention of heart disease and early detection of existing disease. One of the clinician's major resources for practice is tables of normal values. These include tables for height, weight, heart rate, respiratory rate, BP, and cholesterol. A second resource is the recommendations for preventive treatment of RF and infective endocarditis. The clinician also must have a preventive attitude toward practice and be able to maintain vigilance of "well" children for years in order to help prevent illnesses that constitute the nation's most prevalent threat of mortality.

Child↗
PubMed1991

Visualization of free peritoneal fluid with transvaginal sonography. A preliminary study.

Visualization of free peritoneal fluid during sonographic examination is often of considerable clinical importance. To determine the sensitivity of transvaginal sonography in the detection of this finding, measured amounts of isotonic saline were instilled into the abdominal cavities of 15 women undergoing diagnostic laparoscopy while a 5-MHz transvaginal probe was employed to view the pelvic contents. Small amounts of free fluid could be visualized easily in all the patients (mean +/- SD, 25.8 +/- 6.4 mL). Fluid was first seen in the cul-de-sac in 10 patients and in the adnexal region in 5. When fluid instillation was continued to a total volume of 200 mL, the pelvic viscera were distinctly outlined in all the patients, markedly enhancing visualization of the uterus, tubes and ovaries. Transvaginal sonography seems to be a sensitive and reliable method of detecting free peritoneal fluid. Instillation of fluid into the peritoneal cavity may be a clinically useful technique for enhancing the sonographic visualization of pelvic structures.

Ascitic Fluid↗
PubMed1990

Literary works as a mode of knowing.

The phenomena of nursing are deeply rooted in the human condition. Knowledge of human responses is developed in the arts as well as the sciences. Literary works often reveal much about human responses that are a foundation for providing compassionate care for patients.

Bible↗
PubMed1989

Endometrial biopsy in the cycle of conception: histologic and lectin histochemical evaluation.

The histologic features and lectin binding patterns of endometrial tissue obtained in 16 cases of inadvertent biopsy during the cycle of conception were studied. Six biotinylated lectins that bind to specific glycoconjugates of secretory or gestational endometrium in paraffin-embedded tissue were used. These lectins were wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Ricinus communis agglutinin-I (RCA-I), Concanavalin A agglutinin (Con-A), peanut agglutinin (PNA), Dolichos biflorus agglutinin (DBA), and soybean agglutinin (SBA). On review, the histologic sections showed day 20 to 26 patterns. In retrospective analysis, 15 of the 16 cases had increased stromal edema and vascular congestion compared with endometria of equivalent postovulatory dates not associated with conception. In 2 cases, spiral arterioles showed increased thickness. There was no evidence of renewal or prominence of glandular secretions. Most lectin binding was similar to that of the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle (WGA, RCA-I, gland lumenal secretions and stromal granulocytes; Con-A, gland cell cytoplasm and predecidua). There was focal, irregular staining of gland secretions with PNA, DBA, and SBA, lectins that generally react only with gland secretions in later gestation. These results indicate that vascular changes including edema and congestion appear to be the earliest persistent morphologic manifestations of the pregnant endometrium. Secretory gland changes, however, are subtle and are not identifiable by routine histology.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Comparison between 1-hour and 24-hour follow-up radiographs in hysterosalpingography using oil based contrast media.

A comparison was made between oil-contrast hysterosalpingogram (HSG) with 1-hour follow-up radiograph and the traditional 24-hour follow-up radiograph with respect to detection of tubal patency and pelvic adhesive disease. The results on either modality were assessed by subsequent laparoscopy. The 1-hour HSG was comparable to the 24-hour HSG in defining tubal patency. Even though it was inferior to the 24-hour HSG with respect to identifying pelvic adhesions, it may serve as an adequate substitute to the above since the sensitivity of the HSG in identifying adhesions is low and has little influence on the clinical decision process in the evaluation of infertility.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Glycoconjugate distribution in normal human endometrium. A lectin histochemical study.

A battery of nine lectins was applied to routinely processed endometrial biopsies to evaluate changes in glycoconjugate expression during the menstrual cycle and early gestation. Specific staining patterns emerged for glands, surface epithelium, predecidual and decidual cells, stromal granulocytes, and endothelium. Three lectins--wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Ricinus communis-I (RCA-I), and Concanavalin ensiformis (Con-A)--showed consistent binding to epithelial and stromal cells in the menstrual cycle. WGA and RCA were bound to gland secretions whereas Con-A labeled epithelial cytoplasm. These three lectins stained occasional stromal cells early in the cycle, but WGA and RCA marked granulocytes whereas Con-A labeled predecidua in the late secretory phase. Succinylated WGA had a distribution similar to WGA but lacked its consistency and intensity. In the menstrual cycle peanut agglutinin reacted with ciliated cells. In addition, this lectin along with soybean agglutinin and Dolichos biflorus labeled gland secretions in pregnancy. The remaining lectins, Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutin and Ulex europaeus, marked some components, especially endothelium, but generally had less reactivity than the other lectins did. The results indicate that glycoconjugate production is correlated with the functional status of the endometrium. Presumably these glycoconjugates play a role in endometrial development necessary for nidation, and alterations in lectin distribution may reflect functional abnormalities not apparent by light microscopic study.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Müllerian dysgenesis.

The multifaceted syndrome of müllerian dysgenesis appears to represent a defect in mesodermal organization and is often associated with renal and skeletal anomalies. This report discusses the embryology, multifactorial etiology, clinical presentation and management of the syndrome from a historical standpoint and details our experience with 35 affected patients. Both Frank dilatation and McIndoe vaginoplasty appear to be acceptable means of therapy. The therapeutic success depends to a large extent on the psychosocial adaptation of the patient.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1979

Adenocarcinoma of the vagina in a patient with gonadal dysgenesis.

Adenocarcinoma of the vagina is an uncommon tumor. Many theories have been postulated for its etiology and tissue origin. Its occurrence in young women exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol has pointed to estrogen influence as a possible etiologic factor. A case of adenocarcinoma of the vagina in a patient with gonadal dysgenesis is presented, and histologic and electron-microscopic observations are discussed. This patient is unique in that development of the vaginal neoplasm occurred in the absence of estrogen influence.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1979

Assessment of pituitary function in patients with serum prolactin levels greater than 100 ng/ml.

Twelve women with galactorrhea-amenorrhea and prolactin levels greater than 100 ng/ml were evaluated with dynamic pituitary challenge testing. Forty-two per cent of the patients had positive findings on polytomography and subsequent surgical confirmation of a pituitary tumor. Patients with tumors had a delayed elevation of growth hormone (GH) and cortisol following induction of insulin hypoglycemia. Patients had increased thyroid-stimulating hormone levels after injection of thyrotropin-releasing factor, but showed blunting of prolactin secretion. Patients with tumors had decreased basal levels of GH and showed a blunted response to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LRF) stimulation. These patients had normal elevations of follicle-stimulating hormone after LRF challenge. Patients with tumors showed a delay in elevation of GH levels following l-dopa treatment. They also failed to show prolactin suppression following this treatment. There are consistently predictive changes that occur in pituitary functions in the presence of a pituitary tumor. However, absolute prolactin levels and sellar polytomography are more reliable in diagnosing the presence of a pituitary tumor in the patient with galactorrhea-amenorrhea.

Adolescent↗