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Biomedical subjects

J B Taylor

Publications and source records attributed to J B Taylor.

118 records · Page 7Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Enhancement of bacterial mutagenicity of bifunctional alkylating agents by expression of mammalian glutathione S-transferase.

Recently, we inserted the plasmid vector pKK233-2 containing rat GSH S-transferase (GST) 5-5 cDNA into Salmonella typhimurium TA1535 and found that these bacteria [GST 5-5(+)] expressed the protein and produced mutations when ethylene or methylene dihalides were added [Thier, R., Taylor, J. B., Pemble, S. E., Ketterer, B., Persmark, M., Humphreys, W. G., and Guengerich, F. P. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 8576-8580]. After exposure to the known GST 5-5 substrate 1,2-epoxy-3-(4'-nitrophenoxy)propane, the GST 5-5(+) strain showed fewer mutants than the bacteria transfected with the cDNA clone in a reverse orientation [GST 5-5(-)], suggesting a protective role of GST 5-5. However, mutations were considerably enhanced in the GST 5-5(+) strain [as compared to GST 5-5(-)] when 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane (butadiene diepoxide) or 1,2-epoxy-4-bromobutane was added. The GST 5-5(+) and GST 5-5(-) bacterial stains showed similar responses to 1,2-epoxypropane, 3,4-epoxy-1-butene, and 1,4-dibromobutane. The results suggest that some bifunctional activated butanes are transformed to mutagenic products through GSH conjugation. We also found that the GST 5-5(+) strain showed enhanced mutagenicity with 1,4-dibromo-2,3-epoxybutane, 1,2-epoxy-3-bromopropane (epibromohydrin), and (+/-)-1,4-dibromo-2,3-dihydroxybutane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alkylating Agents↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Anatomical evidence for MT and additional cortical visual areas in humans.

We stained human visual cortex for myelin, cytochrome oxidase, and the monoclonal antibody CAT-301 in an attempt to demonstrate and map MT (V5) and other visual cortical areas in humans. Both flattened and unflattened cortical tissue was examined. A likely candidate for area MT (V5), which we refer to as MT, was demonstrated using all three stains. Myelin and CAT-301 labels for MT were demonstrated to be coincident by comparing results from the two stains in adjacent sections. In all three stains, MT was an oval area approximately 1.2 x 2.0 cm, located 5-6 cm anterior and dorsal to the foveal V1-V2 border. The position and size of MT as defined by the present anatomy are consistent with MT (V5) as defined by functional measures in humans. In addition, flattened cortical tissue stained for cytochrome oxidase revealed a distinctive staining topography in several cortical areas, including areas V1, V2, MT, PX, and VX. Similar studies in flattened cortex of macaque and green monkeys demonstrated distinctive dark cytochrome oxidase staining in MT, PX, MTc, and V3.

Animals↗
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The tip of the lash.

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Hospitals, Psychiatric↗
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By any other name.

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Humans↗
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Human error and patient-controlled analgesia pumps.

Contrary to the prevailing attitude that error is a source of blame and punishment, errors can be an opportunity to discover a problem and institute activities to correct the problem to reduce the likelihood of recurrence. Often the source of error may be the system in which it occurred, not the person associated with it. Error in any domain, including healthcare, is difficult to identify and address because persons are reluctant to report errors for fear of self-incrimination. The discipline of human factors addresses issues related to human performance including use error. Human factors analysis provides insight into the etiology of use errors and how they can be reduced. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pumps were developed to allow the patient or care-giver more control over pain relief. The PCA pumps can be programmed to deliver pain medication on a continuous basis, intermittently, or as a bolus. Selected adverse incidents involving PCA pumps that were due to use error and reported to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration are described. Finally, implications of those findings and the potential for reducing use error by applying considerations of the discipline of human factors are discussed.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗